INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 04,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 450
INFLUENCE OF WHEAT VARIETIES ON SOIL SALINATION
Turayev Mukhtor Murodovich
Associate Professor, Bukhara State University
Turayev Nazira Mukhtorovna
Independent Researcher, Bukhara State University
Annotatsiya:
maqolada Buxoro viloyati sharoitida tuproqlarning sho’rlanishi va kuzgi bug'doy
navlarining fiziologik va mahsuldorlik ko'rsatkichlariga sho'r stressi ta'sirining fiziologik
xususiyatlari hamda bug'doyning mazkur omilga chidamliligi to'g'risida ma'lumotlar keltirilgan.
Аннотация:
в статье представлена информация о разработке экспресс-физиологических
методов оценки физиологических особенностей влияния солевого стресса на
физиологические показатели и продуктивность сортов озимой пшеницы в условиях
Бухарской области, а также определения устойчивости пшеницы к этому фактору.
Abstract:
the article provides information on the development of express physiological methods
for assessing the physiological characteristics of the effect of salt stress on the physiological
parameters and productivity of winter wheat varieties in the conditions of the Bukhara region,
as well as determining the resistance of wheat to this factor.
Kalit so'zlar:
mahsuldorlik, sho'rga chidamlilik, stress omillari, fiziologik, biokimyoviy,
sho’rlanish.
Ключевые слова:
продуктивность, солеустойчивость, стресс, стрессовые факторы,
физиологические, биохимические.
соленость.
Key words:
productivity, salt resistance, stress, stress factors, physiological, biochemical.
salinity.
Saline soils are widespread in many countries of the world. They occupy about a quarter
of the Earth's surface, including half of all irrigated land, and the area of saline soils is
expanding. In arid climates, almost all irrigation water evaporates, and soil salinity is gradually
increasing. Climate change will inevitably lead to a deterioration in the ecological situation,
which will lead to drought and salinization of fertile soils, as a result of which the productivity
of agricultural crops will sharply decrease.
Salinity of irrigated lands sharply reduces their fertility, which leads to a decrease in the total
yield of cultivated crops, and primarily wheat, which is very important for food security. In
such conditions, it is necessary to study and identify valuable wheat genotypes that are suitable
for climate change conditions. In this regard, it is important to study the adaptive potential and
mechanisms of wheat resistance to salt stress. Salt tolerance varies depending on the
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 04,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 451
developmental stages of wheat. Young plants are intolerant to salt, especially during the
flowering stage. They grow poorly due to their sensitivity to salt, and as the plant grows, its salt
tolerance increases. Excessive accumulation of salts in the soil is harmful to most cultivated
plants. Salt-tolerant plants called halophytes grow in saline soils.
They differ from other plants in a number of their anatomical and physiological
characteristics. Excessive salinity of the soil is harmful to plants in two ways. On the one hand,
the accumulation of salts increases the osmotic pressure of the soil solution. This pressure
prevents the root growth and makes it difficult for plants to obtain water. At the same time, the
excessive accumulation of soluble salts in the soil, in addition to the osmotic effect, also has a
toxic effect on plants. Even salts that are neutral in weak concentrations become toxic in high
concentrations.
The adaptation of plants to extreme environmental factors depends on the genotype, which
determines the morphological, biochemical and physiological mechanisms that ensure the
growth and development of plants in adverse conditions. Thus, a high concentration of salts
leads to a violation of the ionic, osmotic and oxidative state of the organism. Under these
conditions, homeostasis is maintained by the accumulation and distribution of ions, the
synthesis of corresponding osmolytes, the accumulation and change in the activity of free
polyamines.
Salt stress usually significantly slows down growth, up to its complete cessation, but in many
cases this effect is accompanied by changes in other physiological processes. For example,
under salt stress, the rate of transpiration may decrease, and the absorption of potassium may be
replaced by its excretion. High salt concentrations, along with ionic imbalance and
hyperosmotic stress, also cause oxidative stress, which is accompanied by membrane
destruction and chlorophyll breakdown. Many studies have shown that varieties characterized
by a high level of antioxidant activity or the ability to quickly increase it are more resistant to
oxidative damage under stress, including stress caused by salinity.
Studying the effect of soil salinity on the physiological and biochemical parameters of
winter wheat varieties allows us to reveal the ability of these wheat varieties to adapt to salt
stress and helps to create new varieties. At the same time, it is necessary to further elucidate the
physiological and biochemical aspects of the resistance of cereal crops to various types of
salinity and the specific features of the effect of salt stress on the physiological and biochemical
processes of wheat.
Wheat in natural conditions is often exposed to various stresses, such as drought,
excessive heat, salinity. At the same time, salinity has the greatest detrimental effect. Wheat is
included in the group of moderately tolerant crops in terms of salt tolerance. It can withstand up
to 0.4 and 0.6% of salt in the dry mass of the soil. Salinity inhibits the growth and development
of plants, disrupts water exchange and ion balance, photosynthesis and respiration processes,
and as a result reduces the yield of agricultural crops.
The winter wheat varieties Starshina, Alekseevich, Krasnodarskaya-99, Antonina were
used in the experiments. The experiments were conducted on areas with weak and moderately
saline soil salinity of the meadow-alluvial soil type. In the course of the research, the
parameters characterizing the water exchange of the varieties were determined.
Observations and biometric measurements are carried out on model plants in odd
rotations. Phenological observations are carried out according to the method of inspection of
varieties of agricultural crops. In all experiments, variants are arranged in three rotations and
are arranged in rows on a consistent basis. Irrigation rates are determined based on the moisture
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 04,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 452
deficit in the soil (600-700m3/ha).
According to the data obtained, the reaction of the studied wheat varieties to soil salinity levels
was different. In the control variant, the growth and development of all wheat varieties grown,
as well as the activation of the set of physiological processes, were determined. Such changes
varied depending on the biological and individual characteristics of the varieties. In particular,
it was found that the values of the above-mentioned indicators in the Starshina, Pervisa, Grom
and Shams varieties are directly related to the activity of water exchange.
Thus, in conditions of saline meadow-alluvial soils of varying degrees, the negative
effect of salinity on water exchange of all studied varieties was observed. Within the varieties,
the strength of such a negative effect was less in the Starshina, Grom, Aleyeksevich, Vassa
varieties.
References:
1. S.R. Asatov J.N. Sulaymonov Secondary salinization of irrigated lands and improvement
of their reclamation status Republican online scientific and practical conference on the
topic “Environmental problems in agriculture and their solutions” December 17-18, 2020.
Durdona publishing house. Bukhara. 521 pages
2. Teshayeva D.R. Theoretical and scientific foundations of growing winter wheat varieties in
conditions of saline soils.// Bulletin of the Khorezm Mamun Academy.-2022. №9/1.-V.53-
58. (03.00.00. No. 12).
3. Holliyev A. E., Teshayeva D. R. Adaptation Characteristics of Autumn Wheat Varieties to
Salinity Stresses//Ra journal of applied research.- 2022.- Volume 08.- №03.-R.-209-213.
Scientific Journal Impact Factor. IF.-7.036. (№23. SJIF. IF-7,1) ISSN: 2394-6709.
4. Teshayeva D. R. Salt Resistance Characteristics of Winter Wheat Varieties in Soil and
Climatic Conditions//American journal of social and humanitarian research.- 2021.-
Volume 2, #10.- R.-152-153. ISSN: 2690-9626.
