INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 04,2025
Journal:
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page 1055
THE CONTENT AND ESSENCE OF THE DESERTIFICATION PROBLEM AND
ITS GEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS
Hasanov Asliddin Azamatovich
Student Of The Bukhara State Pedagogical Institute
Abstract:
This article describes the process of desertification and the natural and
anthropogenic factors affecting it, the causes and consequences of the problem of
desertification, and their geographical aspects.
Key words:
Desert, arid, degradation, erosion, ecosystem, natural resource, tropical forest,
anthropogenic factors, soil salinity, desertification.
Desertification means destruction of ecosystems of arid lands under the influence of human
economic activity and natural factors, degradation of all organic life forms and, as a result,
reduction of the natural economic potential of these areas. Desertification is caused by
improper use of natural resources of arid lands and extensive land development.
The issue of desertification is currently one of the global issues and is an integral part of the
problems of environmental protection.
Desertification is a set of natural, geographical and anthropogenic processes that lead to the
destruction of ecological systems in arid regions, the deterioration of all forms of organic life
in them, and, as a result, a decrease in natural and economic opportunities.
These processes include the reduction of the types and quantity of natural plants, soil erosion,
soil salinization, and the reduction of fertility. 48.5 million of the earth's surface. About 10
million km2 of it consists of deserts and semi-deserts. about km2 was caused by
anthropogenic factors.
The process of desertification in arid regions is mainly due to the increasing impact of human
economic activity on desert landscapes as a result of the growth of the population in these
regions and the rapid exploitation of natural resources in agriculture and industry.
The use of plants for fuel and fodder, overgrazing of livestock on pastures, and construction
of roads, pipelines, large irrigation canals, industrial enterprises, and settlements all
contribute to the development of deflationary processes.
It also leads to sand shifting, and disruption of the water balance leads to soil salinization and
environmental pollution, and in arid regions, to a disruption of the dynamic balance in nature,
that is, to an intensification of the desertification process.
The UN Secretary-General's address to the Intergovernmental Committee on Drought in the
Sahel (south of the Sahara) stated that "within another 50 years, three or four countries on the
map of Africa could be completely wiped out by deserts."
Deserts are also emerging in other parts of the world. The areas that have already become
deserts or are at risk of becoming deserts are most abundant in Asia, Africa, and Australia;
less in Europe, North, and Central America; and South America is in the middle. Thus,
desertification is occurring at varying rates in the world's arid regions. In some deserts in
Africa and Asia, this process is accelerating rapidly.
Currently, desertification is occurring at a rapid pace in many parts of the world. As a result
of the desertification of arid regions, 50-70 thousand km2 of usable land is being lost every
year. If we take into account that the cost of 1 sq. km. of arable land is 200 thousand dollars
in US dollars, then desertification causes economic losses of 10 billion dollars every year.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 04,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1056
Such a large amount will make a significant difference in the lives of even 6.3 billion people.
The process of desertification is characteristic of arid (dry) climate regions, which occupy
about 30% of the Earth's land area. Desertification is sometimes observed in semi-humid
climates. Drought is the "leavening" of the desertification process.
The term "desertification" was introduced into science in 1949 by the French
geobotanist A. Aubreville, who studied the humid tropical forests of Africa. There are
different interpretations of the meaning of the term desertification. However, most scientists
recognize desertification as the impoverishment of landscapes (ecosystems), that is, the
decrease (impoverishment) of their biological productivity.
Desertification increases the salinity of soils, increases wind and water erosion, pollutes the
atmosphere with dust aerosols, degrades the quality of the ecological environment, and
ultimately leads to serious socio-economic and moral damage. The situation with
desertification in the Central Asian region, and in particular in Uzbekistan, is becoming more
serious every year.
The main reason for this is:
• the area of tree groves decreases from year to year;
• The rate of desertification in the area of the Aral Sea increases, sand and salt appear
instead of sea water;
• increased water erosion of land as a result of excessive water use.
Considering that more than 70 percent of the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan consists
of deserts and semi-deserts, we can clearly see the consequences of desertification in irrigated
lands, including salinization, waterlogging, wind and water erosion, and rising groundwater
levels in pastures, especially in the Karakhotyn, Ayaqagitma, Mullali, and Mingbulak
swamps in the Kyzylkum Desert.
The drying up of the Aral Sea has created an additional 5 million hectares of Aral Kum in
Uzbekistan. As a result, the ecological environment in this region has deteriorated,
desertification processes have intensified, and numerous social problems have arisen.
As a result, the productivity of agricultural land is decreasing year by year, the production of
sufficient quantities of food, fodder, and industrial raw materials is slowing down, and the
quality indicators of the products produced are also declining.
In order to effectively use natural geographical processes, natural conditions and resources of
deserts in the future, it is advisable to pay attention to the following:
1. In the desert zone, there are still large areas of shifting sands that are detrimental to
economic activities. The creation of black saxaul corridors in the deserts not only gives the
deserts a beautiful landscape, but also protects pastures and soil cover from wind erosion, and
adds beauty to the desert.
2. One of the urgent tasks is to search for and organize new protected landscapes to protect
rare and unique representatives of the desert zone's organic world.
3. Beyond this, there are pastures that are poor in biological resources. It is desirable
to increase the bioproductivity of these areas through phytomelioration measures. In this
regard, it is necessary to use aksaksovul, kandym, cherkez, shuvok, izen, iliastragalikabiphyto
meliorations.
4. Deserts provide opportunities for the development of not only pastoralism, but also desert
tourism.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 04,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1057
If the above-mentioned proposals are implemented, deserts will be used effectively and the
ground will be created for future generations. At the same time, we will prevent
environmental problems.
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