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FORMATION OF ALTERNATIVE VARIANTS IN THE PROCESS OF ARTISTIC
TRANSLATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF A WORK OF “SUCH IS LIFE”)
Markhabo Raxmonkulovna Abdullayeva
Associate professor, Tashkent state university of oriental Studies, Uzbekiston
Abstract:
In this article, the translation of Mark Rees' work "Such as Life" written by Utkir
Hashimov is analyzed. The work highlights the complexity of human life, social problems
and relationships between people through individual experiences. Hoshimov shows real life
scenes, funny and sad situations in his work and tries to give the reader deep thoughts and
feelings. Mark Rees's translation is important to preserve the essence of the work and convey
the correct cultural context. In the process of translation, it is necessary to understand the
author's language and style, metaphors and figurative elements in the work. Although
translation, at first glance, looks like a simple work process, when the work is recreated in
another language, the translator is busy with a creative task and, like the author, bears all the
responsibility for the reliability of each word, phrase, and sentence. If he does not see what
the author of the root of the word sees, feels what he feels, no matter how well the word is
chosen in the translation, the meaning will not be understood. Because the word in the
translation should be similar to the original word in all respects and should not contradict the
reality.
Key words:
Such is Life, direct translation, alternative options, nationality, supa, rayhon,
tillaqosh, diydor, surp yaktak, fotiha.
Introduction:
In order to integrate independent Uzbekistan into the global community,
attention is being paid to implementing important reforms in the translation of national
literary works into English and their presentation to the peoples of the world. In particular,
literary and linguist scholars are faced with important tasks such as studying prose works in
connection with the socio-cultural relations of the era through new directions of modern
literary studies, translating them into world languages, and widely promoting novels that
glorify the culture of the Uzbek people among the peoples of the world. The “Program of
Measures for Translating the Best Examples of World Literature into the Uzbek Language
and the Best Works of Uzbek Literature into Foreign Languages” is playing a leading role in
improving the quality and scope of scientific research in literary studies, linguistics, and
translation studies. Therefore, it is relevant to conduct a comparative study of the English
translations of the work "Such as Life" by Utkir Hashimov, to evaluate the expression of
nationality in the translation, the scientific assessment of the accuracy of the translation, to
recreate the historical and national landscape in the translation, as well as to analyze these
problems from a scientific and theoretical perspective.
Literature analysis:
“Such as Life” - a memoir by the people's writer of Uzbekistan Utkir
Hashimov, consists of short and long stories, written over many years and published in full in
2005 by “Sharq Publishing House”. In particular, in 2015, it was published by the Yangi Asr
Avlodi Publishing House in a 336-page hardcover. In the same year, it was published by the
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Merius Publishing House in a 272-page hardcover edition of 3,000 copies. The upper part of
this publication depicts houses on a village street and the writer's mother.
The national writer of Uzbekistan, Said Ahmad, described the story as follows: I would like
to call the work "Such is Life" not a story, but a poem. It reads like a song. While reading it,
we think of our mothers. A thought, a question arises before our eyes: have we been able to
repay at least one of the inextricable debts we owe to these kind, suffering mothers? The
story calls us to be honest, to value and respect people.
The national writer of Uzbekistan, Utkir Hashimov, is a writer who has his own place and
style in 20th-century Uzbek literature. His works are distinguished by their simplicity and
folkloric nature. The work "Such is Life" is also among such folkloric works. The work was
translated into English in 2024 by translator Mark Rees.
Vivid and lifelike images, Uzbek approach and character, conversations between characters
enhance the impact of reading. The work is based on the events of the writer's childhood.
Simple rural families and people's lifestyles during the Soviet era are depicted in harmony
with the writer's mother. Utkir Hashimov embodied the affairs of the world in this small work.
Main part:
Vivid and lifelike images, a purely Uzbek approach and character, conversations
between heroes, will affect the reader. The fact that not only the nation, but also true
humanity is the leading theme in the writer's works is an educational and life lesson for the
reader. Whether serious or humorous, life boils in the works of Utkir Hashimov: in them each
of us sees ourselves, our family, our friends, even our mother, who is like no other... Whether
it is a novel covering the life of one person, a story or a story consisting of a series of short
stories, regardless of the genre, Utkir Hashimov's works emdiv the affairs of the world. We
believe that reading will give a great life lesson for any reader.
It is known that each national culture has its own characteristics, which reflect intercultural
differences, that is, different aspects, and create difficulties for the translator in the translation
process. The writer's story "The Affairs of the World" is distinguished by its simplicity and
folkloric nature, so it was translated into foreign languages, including English.
In the translation of Utkir Hashimov's "Such is Life" by Mark Rees, the problems of
alternativeness can be seen from many aspects. The problems of alternativeness are mainly
divided into the following categories:
Cultural alternativeness: How to appropriately translate traditional expressions, proverbs, or
elements of folk oral literature existing in the Uzbek language into English. The translator
must take into account intercultural differences in how to express these elements.
Lexical alternativeness: When some words or phrases are translated directly, their meaning
may change. The translator must find synonyms or alternatives to preserve the spirit of the
work.
Syntactic Alternatives: Sentence structure in Uzbek may differ from English. The translator
must reconstruct the sentences in English in a correct and understandable way.
Emotional Alternatives: In order to accurately convey the emotions and style of the author in
the work, the translator must adopt any expression in an appropriate way. This can often
create difficulties in maintaining the richness of expression and tone.
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Connotational Alternatives: Some words or phrases may have a certain connotation in Uzbek,
but such a connotation does not exist in English. The translator must take these aspects into
account.
Comparing the English version of the story, translated directly from Uzbek by Mark Reese,
with the original work, we observe the expression of nationality in the turn:
In original: … There was a table under this almond tree. As the sun set, my mother would
sprinkle water on the yard, and the smell of the earth that had been heated by the sun all day
would mix with the smell of the basil in front of the table, creating a wonderful freshness, and
the surroundings would become quiet.
In translation: There was supa under that almond tree. As soon as the sun sat down my
mother used to water the yard, the smell of the land which had been heated during the whole
day by the sun gave out a scent with basil, by that bench and everywhere would get silent
then .
We observe two different ways of translating words that have acquired national and cultural
characteristics, through the transliteration of the ethnographism supa in the original text as
supa, and the translation of the basil plant as basil. Also, the translation omits the determiner
of abundance, and the process of sprinkling a large amount of water, which is exaggerated in
the original, is translated into English using the word water, which has led to a weakening of
expressiveness.
In original: Then, a thin moon like a golden crescent floated out into the sky filled with large
stars. My mother would stare at the moon and whisper softly: "Oh my God, my God, your
wings are golden. Glory be to you, grant us life..." She would say this and stroke my head.
Oh my mother would pause, as if wanting to hear this magical song again, and the stars
would stare at her with thoughtful eyes, looking at her gently, while my mother would tell me
a story.
In translation: After that thin moon, like a tillaqosh would sail out into the sky full of
numerous stars. Starring at the moon my mother used to whisper calmly:
Dearest moon, With goldenwings. Subhonalloh to you Long life to us... Having sung this
poem she used to caress my head. The moon used to stop sailing as if it wanted to listen to
this enchants again, stars glanced with sad eyes, and mother used to tell fairy-tales.
The thinness of the moon, which was originally likened to a crescent moon, was transliterated
into English as a crescent moon, and as a result, the original meaning could not be fully
expressed, because the description of the moon as a crescent moon indicates that the newly
risen moon is shining. Therefore, it would be appropriate to use the combination New Moon
in this situation. The text also reflects the religious views of the Uzbek people regarding the
rising of the new moon. When the new moon rises, our ancestors would look up to the sky
and make good intentions, raising their hands in prayer, wishing for good health for the new
month and years.
The original Oymomo Khulla Kanotlari Tilla's address was translated into English as Dearest,
Moon, with Golden Wings. Considering that the word Khulla is not even given in
explanatory dictionaries of the Uzbek language, the method of substitution used by the
translator can be considered the most appropriate method, because while in the original the
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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Journal:
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moon was caressed and addressed, the translation preserves the content of this address. Also,
the transcription of the word Subhanallah and its interpretation as "Subhanallah - Recitation
from Koran", that is, a recitation from the Holy Quran, once again demonstrates the national
spirit.
In the original: Oymoma would pause, as if wanting to hear this magical song again, the stars
would stare thoughtfully at her, and my mother would tell her a fairy tale.
“The moon used to stop sailing as if it wanted to listen to this enchants again, stars glanced
with sad eyes, and mother used to tell fairy-tales.” In the original text, the author vividly
portrays the grandmother and the stars, showing them as if they were being pampered like
children, with their thoughtful eyes looking at them gently. The reader sees a child's face. The
same kind of vivid artistic expression is also observed in the English translation. However,
the translation of thoughtful eyes as sad eyes conveys the sad look of the star. In fact, the
grandmother's childlike delight in her mother's song is understood, and the stars are calm. In
this case, it would be appropriate to use the combination thoughtful eyes.
Conclusion:
Each nation has its own characteristics, values, and traditions that reflect its
nationality. Translating works that are steeped in such nationalism into another language
requires great skill from the translator. In addition to knowing the language, the translator
must be closely acquainted with the culture of this nation. In general, through works
translated from one language into another, intercultural relations are strengthened, peoples
who are not close to each other become closer, and bonds of friendship are forged.
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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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Journal:
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