INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 04,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1589
TERMINOLOGY: A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF A SPECIFIC
SUBLANGUAGE
Mamatova Nilufar Abdukhoshimovna
Department of foreign languages
Andijan state medical institute
Abstract:
The article considers meaning of the terminology system – the main component of
the industry sublanguage serving a particular sphere of special human activity in the process
of realizing his cognitive function. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the
differences between two possible sets of terms of the industry sublanguage – terminology and
terminosystem.
Keywords:
terminology system; term; terminology; formation; cognition; specific
sublanguage; concept; transformation.
The main directions of the functional use of language in modern society are: cognitive,
communicative, interactive, social group, ethnocultural and personal. Among the identified
directions, the most significant is cognitive, because language as a system of verbal signs
ensures not only the transmission and receipt of messages containing knowledge about the
surrounding world that a speaker or writer has, but also the processing and ordering of the
acquired knowledge, including special knowledge, its storage in human memory, i.e. it
functions as a cognitive system.
In this case, elements of knowledge, as a rule, are organized into complexes
(intellectual systems, cognitive structures, frames) intended for long-term storage in human
memory. These complexes, presented with the help of language, are included in a holistic
system of knowledge – the so-called linguistic picture of the world, localized in the
consciousness of the individual, capable of providing a person’s orientation in the
environment and, to a certain extent, controlling his behavior [1].
The implementation of the cognitive function of language is impossible without the
communicative one, since the transfer of information is carried out in the form of
communicative acts, as well as without the interactive one, since a separate communicative
act can be one of the links in communication. The social-group and ethnocultural functions of
language give a person the opportunity to identify himself as a member of a particular social,
professional, gender, age, ethnographic and other group. The personal function allows an
individual to show himself as a person (passive or a leader), express the features of his
character, show commitment to a certain style of speech communication, etc.
This model of the functional description of language as a whole is also applicable to
industry (professional) sublanguages, since they are considered by modern linguistics as
functional varieties of national languages that are used in special areas of
communication and are contrasted with the language of non-specialized areas of application
(everyday life, the sphere of family relations and human recreation, etc.) as special fragments
of the linguistic picture of the world [2]. An industry sublanguage serves any special sphere
of human activity characteristic of the complex structure of modern society (science,
economics, law, production, management, education, health care, defense, media, customs,
etc.), since without communication between people participating in joint activities, it cannot
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 04,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1590
function and develop normally. Industry sublanguages and the language of everyday
communication are subsystems of the same natural (national) language, between which there
is an exchange of linguistic units at various levels (morphemic, word-formation, lexical,
syntactic); other forms of interaction are also observed. Thus, the emergence of competition
in business and trade, the reorganization of the service system led to the dialogization of
communication, the increase in the importance of dialogue in professional communication.
The development of the sublanguage of official business communication has formed a
modern system of business documentation, oral and written speech patterns, business speech
etiquette, which, in turn, is beginning to have a noticeable influence on the language of
everyday communication [4]. As observations show, in the modern language of everyday
communication the number of technical terms (primarily computer and cellular telephone
terms) has also increased sharply, which, due to the high frequency of use, are
“determinologized” and become an important part of the vocabulary and phraseology of the
common language.
At the same time, there are fundamental differences between industry sublanguages
and the language of everyday communication: the language of everyday communication
is primary, and all industry sublanguages are secondary; the language of everyday
communication is practically unlimited in the sphere of its use, and each industry
sublanguage is limited by its professional area; the language of everyday communication
develops spontaneously, and during the formation of an industry sublanguage the
significance of conscious activity increases; the language of everyday communication is
completely natural, and in industry sublanguages there are elements of artificiality: in
lexical and word-formation units (for example, in symbol-words), in the structure of
sentences (for example, in the sublanguages of logic and mathematics).
The limitations of the use of special sublanguages are also manifested in the
limitations (specialization) of their functional use - the main function becomes cognitive,
more precisely cognitive-communicative, which is determined by the target purpose of
industry sublanguages: recording, transmitting, receiving and storing special information. In
this case, the main structure that implements the cognitive function in the sublanguage is the
industry terminology system (terminology).
A common feature of all special sublanguages is the presence of nominative
units - names of objects and actions with which a person deals in special spheres of social life.
These nominative units represent all lexical classes identified by modern linguistics: common
nouns, proper names, nomenclatures. At the same time, terms as the main type of common
nouns are the main lexical means of industry sublanguages, naming concrete and abstract
objects of study - from machine parts to general scientific categories.
Modern terminology distinguishes two types of sets of terms functioning in special
sublanguages - terminology and terminology system. In the first case, according to
terminologists [3], we are dealing with a spontaneously formed set of terms, in the second -
with a consciously formed set of terms.
This difference between terminology and terminology system is manifested in many
aspects, including in terms of cognition. Thus, the spontaneity of the formation of
terminology leads to the fact that it reflects a certain specialized sphere not quite adequately.
This is due to the fact that the terms included in this or that industry terminology may not
have the characteristics of a system; it preserves and continues to function obsolete,
traditional, imprecise in semantics and motivation units, forming synonymous (doublet)
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 04,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1591
lexical-semantic series, based, among other things, on different principles of nomination or
classification of the same or similar objects or on the presence of interlingual synonyms-
equivalents [5]. Variants of designations of this type are an integral part of spontaneously
developing sets of terms - terminologies, especially at the stage of the initial naming of
special concepts.
The main characteristic features of these terminologies are the presence of
synonymous (doublet) series of terminological units for the nomination of the same concept,
as well as the polysemy of individual fundamental industry terms.
At present, there are a large number of industry areas of practical terminological
activity and theoretical terminological research. Many linguists-terminologists and industry
specialists have found their subject of research in the sublanguages of customs,
economics and law and successfully develop a wide range of theoretical and applied
problems, presenting the results of their research.
The most important, as shown by the analysis of the problems of such works, include:
the formation (planning) of the terminology system of the corresponding industry
sublanguage; terminological aspects of special texts (documents); development of
terminological dictionaries and industry standards for terms. Successful resolution of these
problems will allow each area of specialized activity to more effectively realize its
purpose in modern society and positively influence its economic and social processes,
including the culture of speech in the sphere of professional communication.
References:
1. Begmatov E. Lexical layers of the current Uzbek literary language.–T.: Science, 1982.
2. Danilenko V.P. Russian terminology. Practice of linguistic description,- M.,:
Nauka, 1977.
3. Hamidulla D. “Uzbek terminology”. Tashkent: Youth Publishing House, 2019.
4. Leychik V. M.Terminology: subject, methods, structure. Białystok: Wydawnictwo
uniwersytetu, 1998.
5. Sternin I. A. Social factors and the development of the modern Russian language //
Theoretical and applied linguistics. Issue 2. Voronezh: Publishing house of VSTU, 2000.
