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INTELLECTUL NOVELS IN LITERATURE
Ru’ziyeva Dilfuza Salimboyevna
Senior teacher of Bukhara State pedagogy institute
Abstract:
It is well known that literature is a genre that is relative in terms of its purpose,
related to their art.
Fiction, as a complex synthesis of art forms, is constantly updated and
perfected throughout its development; just artistic Word fans have come up with unexpected
ideas, themes, forms, and contents that have caught the attention of many fields.
Keywords:
Fiction,
philosophy, politics, sociology, psychology, mythological thinking,
magical realism, mythological scientific achievements,
intellectual novel, national literature.
Аннотация:
Общеизвестно, что литература — жанр, относительный по своему
назначению, родственный своему искусству. Художественная литература, как
сложный синтез видов искусства, на протяжении всего своего развития постоянно
обновляется и совершенствуется; просто любители творчества придумали
неожиданные идеи, темы, формы и содержание, которые привлекли внимание многих
областей.
Ключевые слова:
Художественная литература, философия, политика, социология,
психология, мифологическое мышление, магический реализм, мифологические
научные достижения, интеллектуальный роман, национальная литература.
Annotatsiya:
Ma’lumki, adabiyot o‘z maqsadiga ko‘ra nisbiy, ularning san’ati bilan bog‘liq
bo‘lgan janrdir. Badiiy adabiyot san’at turlarining murakkab sintezi sifatida o‘z taraqqiyoti
davomida doimo yangilanib, takomillashib boradi; shunchaki badiiy Word muxlislari
kutilmagan g'oyalar, mavzular, shakllar va mazmunlar bilan chiqdilar, ular ko'plab
sohalarning e'tiborini tortdi.
Kalit so'zlar:
Badiiy adabiyot, falsafa, siyosat, sotsiologiya, psixologiya, mifologik tafakkur,
sehrli realizm, mifologik ilmiy yutuqlar
, intellektual roman, milliy adabiyot.
Introduction
. A complex synthesis of art forms, is constantly updated and perfected
throughout its development; just artistic Word fa ns have come up with unexpected ideas,
themes, forms, and contents that have caught the attention of many fields, not just philosophy,
politics, sociology, psychology, and even the exact sciences, such as medicine. The vast
expanse of the artistic chronotope, the change of the text of the historical period, the
merciless bright scenes of the existing reality through innumerable analogies and parallels
and its deep perception as a whole, the abundance of philosophical ideas make the examples
of intellectual the highest artistic and philosophical thinking. This type of genre began to
appear in our national literature as well.Writers such asKhurshid Dostmuhammad, Nazar
Eshanqul, Ulugbek Hamdam, Isajon Sultan boldly used the experience of intellectual event
just artistic Word fans have come up with unexpected ideas, themes, forms, and contents that
have caught the attention of many fields, not just philosophy,sociology, psychology, and even
the exact sciences, such as medicine politics,sociology, psychology, and even the exact
sciences, such as medicine. Albert Einstein, founder of the universal theory of relativity,
acknowledges the great importance that the works of Fyodor Dostoevsky played in the
realization of his discovery.
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Materials and methods.
This is a national intellectual - Artistic reflection of the Eastern-
philosophical worldview: - The artistic "rebirth" of the primitive religious-mythological
imagination, which is radically different from the West The level of artistic and philosophical
thinking, the attitude of writers to humanity and existence, the period, formed in different
historical, socio-political environments, except in the West; the centurieslong psychological
pressure, the manifestation of the people's thinking in the form of a, in theperson of a certain
writer, who is trying to get rid of the complications of the spiritual invasion.Therefore, as an
independent nation and country, we can say that the intellectual is the brightest example of
national identity. According to the above, the fundamental scientific study of the national
intellectual in comparison with world literature plays an important role not only in the field of
art and fiction, but also in defining our place as a nation in the world. The relevance and
necessity of the study of the subject arises, in addition to the interests of pure art and
literature, primarily from the historical social need characterized by the above. So far, this
topic has not been studied fundamentally scientifically in our literature. The life and work of
the world-famous Irish writer Oscar Wilde (1854 -1900) was a tragic full of contradictions.
The of Oscar Wilde, a brilliant speaker and great writer, has always been in the spotlight of
world literarycritics, and many different monographs, dissertations and articles have been
created on the life and work of the writer, including biographical works from the JZL series.
The life and work of O. Wilde B.Show, A.Jid, A.Morua, A.Kamyu, Ya. Parandovsky, T.
Mann, H.L. Borges did not escape the attention of world-famous writers. At the same time,
he did not leave in different Russian writers such as L. Tolstoy, A. Gorky, K. Pustovsky.
Although it has attracted the attention of hundreds of researchers at various levels, from the
world’s most famous scientists, it is probably his complex life and controversial work. The
problem of novelize has been consistently studied in Uzbek literature,including the work of
Isajon Sultan, which has been scientifically evaluated by literary critics at various. Word fans
have come up with unexpected ideas, themes, forms, and contents that have caught the
attention of many fields, not just philosophy, politics, sociology, psychology, and even the
exact sciences, such as medicine. Albert Einstein, the founder of the universal theory of
relativity, acknowledges the great importance that the works of Fyodor Dostoevsky played in
the realization of his discovery. Homer's Iliad, Firdavsi's Shahnameh, Dante's Divine Comedy,
Zahriddin Bobur's Boburnoma, Goethe's Faust, Tolstoy's War and Peace, Dostoevsky's Crime
and Punishment, Chingiz Aitmatov's The Signs of the End Times There are still differences,
sometimes even contradictions.
Methods
. Word fans have come up with unexpected ideas, themes, forms, and contents that
have caught the attention of many fields, not just philosophy, politics, sociology, psychology,
and even the exact sciences, such as medicine. Albert Einstein, the founder of the universal
theory of relativity, acknowledges the great importance that the works of Fyodor Dostoevsky
played in the realization of his discovery. Homer's Iliad, Firdavsi's Shahnameh, Dante's
Divine Comedy, Zahriddin Bobur's Boburnoma, Goethe's Faust, Tolstoy's War and Peace,
Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment, Chingiz Aitmatov's The Signs of the End Times There
are still differences, sometimes even contradictions. Oscar Wilde’s Dorian Gray is a highly
artistic synthesis of realism, magical realism, the achievements of mythological science, and
other forms of art. Anyone who has read the over and over again will come to the conclusion
that the protagonist, Dorian Gray, faces himself mercilessly at the mysterious portrait painted
by his friend Basil at his request.It is as if a coup is taking place in his inner world. However,
Gray cannot overcome the satanic feeling within himself. He doesn’t want her to do that. He
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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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is a tragic victim of his own mismanagement. Gray sums up his past sins by looking at his
portrait. D.Gray, who is adorned with the world,falls in love at this moment and meets the
beautiful Sibyl, and the love ends in tragedy. That is; realizing that the girl waspregnant with
a child, he drowned her and committed a brutal murder. Gray also has an affection for the
environment. So Dorian Gray begins to take matters into his own hands, and eventually takes
a dagger with a picture of his beloved and tries to bribe him. But at that moment, a creature
appears in the portrait (magical realism) and eats Gray. This is a sign of the evil of the devil's
lust, which has always saved Jesus. The portrait of Dorian Gray is one of the most sensational
works in the literary world. Incorporating elements of miraculous realism, this work sheds
light on the spiritual crisis of Dorian Gray, a beautiful 20-year old beauty. Although the plot
is unusual for the nineteenth century, it is ideologically Similar to many works. In the last
century, readers have confessed that he was a justly punished, tempted sinner. Today’s reader,
on the other hand, recognized Dorian Gray as an arrogant, helpless, and weak hero who
sacrificed his entire being, heart, and soul for eternal youth.Born into a family of cyborgs,
Dorian, who possessed the beauty of onameros, was faced with the cruel judgment of fate
when he had ample opportunity to live happily ever after “There is always some tragedy
hidden behind something beautiful. In order for the smallest and most insignificant flower to
bloom, the worlds must suffer the pain of childbirth, ” said one of the protagonists. Indeed,
behind the beautiful image of Dorian Gray lies a great tragedy: the soul dies, the soul
disappears forever. Dirty brothels, continuous livin, theft, the ugliness of the chaos in society
are now a beauty in his mind, and such vices are a constant need.Oscar Wilde brought to
literature the image of a hero of such a complex nature, and through it he showed with great
artistic skill the limits of human desires, the consequences of the disturbance of the balance of
life. And the work won the hearts of millions, and the image of Dorian Gray was written in
the reader's notebook. One of the topics Wilde tries to discuss using the plot is whether it is
possible to change human nature. Was the book the cause of the changes in Dorian after
reading the book sent by Lord Henry, or were there already such bad qualities in his nature?
Can an ugly person who has completely lost his conscience be “restored” by good deeds, or
are all his actions based on ambition?It is certainly very difficult, if not impossible, to answer
these questions.The play also discusses what art is, how it should be, whether ancestral
traditions are appropriate for generations, and a number of other similar topics. Lord Henry,
who pioneered the doctrine of hedonism, believed that the only purpose of human life should
be madness, peace. In his opinion,every new day is another opportunity to enjoy. As
Shakespeare's Hamlet said, "If a man's greatest desires are to eat and sleep, how can he be
different from an animal?"So our heroes are no different from animals either. For the most
part, are dedicated to narrating individual experiences of characters, creating a closer, more
complex portrait of these characters and the world they live in. Inner feelings and thoughts, as
well as complex, even conflicting ideas or values are typically explored in, more so than in
preceding forms of literature. It’s not just the stories themselves that are more personal, but
the experience of reading them as well.Where epic poetry and similar forms of storytelling
were designed to be publicly read or consumed as an audience, are geared more towards an
individual reader.The following traits must be present for a work to be considered :Written in
prose, as opposed to verse. Narrators may have different degrees of knowledge or different
points of view (first person versus third person and so on). While stylized such as epistolary
do exist, the key distinction here is between prose and verse.
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Results and discussion.
At the modern stage of the development of fiction, the novel genre
emerged. The term "novel" was first coined by the German writer Thomas Mann in the early
twentieth century.“The historical and global devastation of 1914-1923 exacerbated the need
to understand the period in the minds of contemporary people with unprecedented intensity
and overthrew this literature. This process blurred the boundaries between science and art; the
thought-provoking idea gave life to a living, heart-pounding idea, gave life to plastic images,
and created a type of book that could be called an" novel." What we call an novel, in its
course, T. Mann and G. Gesse, R. Muzil and G. Brox, M. Bulgakov and K. Chapek, U.
Faulkner and T. Wolf, P. Koelo and Ch. Yes, the synthesis of philosophy and art, science and
fiction is the main feature of an novel. Remember, for example, the famous German writer
Goethe’s tragedy Faust. Faust, like Gray, who “sold his heart to the devil (Mephistopheles) in
order to acquire unimaginable knowledge, to taste endless worldly pleasures,and to be alone
with Margarita, suffers a spiritual decline. Or the American writer T. mentioned above. Take
Clyde Griffiths, the protagonist of Dreyzer’s the American Tragedy. Clyde, who sold his
conscience to gain wealth, a career, and a beautiful girl, also suffers a conscience like Gray at
the end of the play. Although the plot of the work is unusual for the nineteenth century, it is
ideologically similar to many works. Remember, for example, the famous German writer
Goethe’s tragedy Faust. Faust, like Gray, who "sold his heart to the devil (Mephistopheles) in
order to acquire unimaginable knowledge, to taste endless worldly pleasures, and to be alone
with Margarita, suffers a spiritual decline." Or the American writer T. mentioned above. Take
Clyde Griffiths, the protagonist of Dreyzer’s The American Tragedy. Dorian, Basil, Lord
Henry are the three central protagonists of the work. Dorian – easel painted gray (canvas).
The cloth is white, and Lord Henry is black. If you want to paint using white and black, the
result will be a gray quality colored artwork. If the same amount of black paint is added to a
drop of white paint, the white color will definitely be contaminated.The protagonist of our
story was shaped in the same way as a person: Bezil’s “white” advice could not overcome
Lord Henry’s “black” teachings.The American academic Peter H. Smith describes the of
Latin America as people from an identifiable social class, who have been conditioned by that
common experience and thus are inclined to share a set of common assumptions (values and
ethics); that ninety-four per cent of come either from the middle class or from the upper class
and that only six per cent come from the working class. Philosopher Steven Fuller said that
because cultural capital confers power and social status as a status group they must be
autonomous in order to be credible as :(Basil about Dorian)"He has stood as Paris in dainty
armour, and as Adonis with huntsman's cloak and polished boar-spear. Crowned with heavy
lotus blossoms, he has sat on the prow of Adrian's barge, looking into the green, turbid Nile.
He has leaned over the still pool of some Greek woodland, and seen in the water's silent
silver the wonder of his own beauty."(Lord Henry describes "fidelity") "It has nothing to do
with our own will. It is either an unfortunate accident, or an unpleasant result of
temperament.""You don't mean to say that Basil has got any passion or any romance in him?"
"I don't know whether he has any passion, but he certainly has romance," said Lord Henry,
with an amused look in his eyes."Has he never let you know that?" "Never. I must ask him
about it. I am rather surprised to hear it."(Basil Hallward described) "Rugged and
straightforward as he was, there was something in his nature that was purely feminine in its
tenderness."(Basil to Dorian) "It is quite true that I have worshipped you with far more
romance of feeling than a man usually gives to a friend. Somehow, I had never loved a
woman. I suppose I never had time. Perhaps, as Harry says, a really grande passion is the
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privilege of those who have nothing to do, and that is the use of the idle classes in a
country."(Basil confronts Dorian)"Dorian, Dorian, your reputation is infamous. I know you
and Harry are great friends. I say nothing about that now, but surely you need not have made
his sister's name a by-word." (The first part of this passage was deleted from the1890
magazine text; the second part of the passage was inserted to the 1891 novel text.) Anti-
intellectualism is hostility to and mistrust of intellect, , and intellectualism, commonly
expressed as deprecation of education and philosophy and the dismissal of art, literature, and
science as impractical, politically motivated,and even contemptible human pursuits. Anti-
intellectuals present themselves and are perceived as champions of common folk—populists
against political and academic elitism—and tend to see educated people as a status class that
dominates political discourse and higher education while being detached from the concerns of
ordinary people. n the U.S., the American conservative economist Thomas Sowell argued for
distinctions between unreasonable and reasonable wariness of in their influence upon the
institutions of a society. In defining as "people whose occupations deal primarily with ideas",
they are different from people whose work is the practical application of ideas. That cause for
layman mistrust lies in the incompetence outside their fields of expertise. Although possessed
of great working knowledge in their specialist fields, when compared to other professions and
occupations, the of society face little discouragement against speaking authoritatively beyond
their field of formal expertise, and thus are unlikely to face responsibility for the social and
practical consequences of their errors. Hence, a physician is judged competent by the
effective treatment of the sickness of a patient, yet might face a medical malpractice lawsuit
should the treatment harm the patient. In contrast,a tenured university professor is unlikely to
be judged competent or incompetent by the effectiveness of his or her intellectualism (ideas),
and thus not face responsibility for the social and practical consequences of the
implementation of the ideas, e.g. the Chicago Boys and the Military dictatorship of Chile
(1973–90).
Conclusion
. The synthesis of philosophy and art, science and fiction is the main feature of
the novel. This synthesis was manifested in the growth of mythological thinking in the artistic
reincarnation of the historical period, in the perception of myths as a universal model of
human lifeand a recurring law, going beyond the mere figurative sphere.Fiction, as a complex
synthesis of art forms, is constantly updated and perfected throughout its development; not
only artistic just collect them. Another example is Raphael in French author Honoré de
Balzac's. The Magic of the Blind Skin. The fulfillment of desires; Dorian decides to live the
last months of his life relying on his conscience, just as a young man who has risked his life
for infinite wealth and luxuryrealizes that at the end of the work he is no different from an
animal if he constantly satisfies human desires (or needs). Effectively so, that is precisely the
specific function of them: To treat everyon else as if they, too, were. That is to say, to not
attempt to hypnotise them, to intimidate them, or to seduce them, but to awaken in them the
mechanism of intelligence that weighs, evaluates, and comprehends. One must start from the
Socratic premise that everyone in the world reveals himself, herself intelligent when treated
as if intelligent. Is that social function compatible with the offices of politicians? Because,
more often than not, they tend to govern themselvesby the cynical principle that: "One must
not treat the public as if they were imbeciles, nor forget that they are imbeciles", which was
established by the novelist Frédéric Beigbeder (who, not in vain, began his career as an
advertising man); it is plainly obvious that those are opposite approaches. What is bad, is that
the first approach demands effort from the interlocutors—attention, reflection, and dubious
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sizings-up, while the second approach flatters the primitive emotions of enthusiasm or
revenge, and converts critical thinking to satire or to swearing curses, and social problems
into notorious scandal. The contemporary understanding of history emerged in the immediate
postwar period of the 1940s, in its earlier incarnation as “the history of ideas” under the
leadership of Arthur Lovejoy, the founder of the Journal of the History of Ideas. Since that
time, Lovejoy’s formulation of “unit-ideas” was developed in different and divergent
directions, such as contextualize, Historically sensitive accounts of activity in the
corresponding historical period, which investigative shift is reflected in the replacement of
the term “history of ideas” with the term “history”.
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