Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
71
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
Pages:
71-77
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
This article discusses the urgent global importance of environmental protection, as it directly affects
human health, nature and the economy. The article analyzes problems such as air pollution, depletion of
water resources, land degradation and loss of biodiversity.
K
EYWORDS
Global warming, sustainable development, carbon footprint, biodiversity, pollution, deforestation, green
technologies, Paris Agreement, sustainable energy, Aral Sea.
I
NTRODUCTION
Nature is a complex system in itself, and human
existence is its product. It exists and develops at
the expense of nature. Man satisfies his needs at
the expense of nature. He receives air, water, food,
mineral and fuel raw materials from nature and
exerts his influence on nature during his life
activity. As a result, new objects are created that
are unique to nature. These are: cities and
villages, factories and plants, roads, mines,
reservoirs, agricultural lands, etc. Such
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4.0 licence.
Research Article
CURRENT PROBLEMS OF ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
Submission Date:
November 20,
2024,
Accepted Date:
November 25, 2024,
Published Date:
November 30, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-04-11-11
Askarova Nargiza Abdivaliyevna
Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology, Lecturer at the Department of Pedagogy and Psychology of the
Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan
Kasimova Laylokhan Zafarjon's daughter
1st year student of the Tashkent Medical Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Uzbekistan
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
72
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
Pages:
71-77
OCLC
–
1368736135
anthropogenic landscapes, created due to human
intelligence and labor, cannot but have an impact
on the surrounding natural environment. The
sharp increase in the world's population, the
rapid development of science and technology, and
the uneven distribution of natural resources
across countries require the maximum possible
use of existing natural resources and, in this way,
the acceleration of social development. As a
result, the laws of interaction between nature and
man are violated. Violation of these laws, in turn,
sooner or later leads to an ecological crisis. Some
of the main environmental problems of humanity
were named back in 1972 at the first
international environmental conference - the UN
Conference on Environmental Problems. At that
time, scientists and experts called on states to
carefully use the Earth's natural resources, limit
heat emissions and prevent pollution of the seas.
More than 50 years have passed since then, but
these issues have not only not been resolved -
they are getting worse every year, and their list is
growing. What are the global environmental
problems today and can they be solved?
LITERATURE ANALYSIS
The transport complex is a powerful source of
environmental pollution. 89% of 35 million tons
of harmful waste are waste from motor transport
and road construction enterprises. Transport
plays a significant role in the pollution of water
bodies. In addition, transport is one of the main
sources of noise in cities and contributes
significantly to thermal pollution of the
environment. Human civilization is unimaginable
without cars. In developed countries, it has
become the main means, perhaps even a part of
everyday life. The natural desire of a person for
freedom of movement, the complexity of
functions in the production and service sectors,
and, finally, life itself in large cities and urban
agglomerations - all this leads to an increase in
the number of cars for personal use.
Today, global environmental problems pose a
serious threat to human life. Global problems
such as climate change, air and water pollution,
and loss of biological diversity have become
widespread not only in one country, but
throughout the world. International cooperation
and environmental agreements play a major role
in preventing crises. However, these issues do not
receive sufficient attention and practical action.
Ecology and environmental protection should be
considered one of the most urgent issues of today.
The increase in temperature associated with
global warming poses a great danger to our
planet.Every year, average global temperatures
are increasing, leading to increased deforestation.
These changes are directly harming humanity and
disrupting the balance of nature. One of the main
causes of climate change is the increase in
greenhouse gases. These gases: carbon dioxide,
methane, nitrous oxides, enter the atmosphere
and trap sunlight, causing temperatures to rise.
The average global temperature has been rising in
recent decades. For example, since the beginning
of the twentieth century, a slight increase in
temperature has been observed. This is due to
climate change and the increase in greenhouse
gases. The World Meteorological Organization
(WMO) and other scientific studies monitor how
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
73
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
Pages:
71-77
OCLC
–
1368736135
global temperatures change every year. Rising
temperatures lead to an increase in droughts,
floods and other extreme weather events. This, in
turn, has a negative impact on ecosystems,
agriculture and humanity. Each of us must take
responsibility to prevent and combat global
warming. Agriculture We can contribute to
combating climate change by implementing
sustainable approaches in our economy, energy
consumption, and everyday life.
The “National Strategy of the Republic of
Uzbekistan on Adaptation to Climate Change”
(2022) of our esteemed President Shavkat
Mirziyoyev includes specific measures to combat
climate change.President Shavkar Mirziyoyev's
decrees and resolutions on ecology and
environmental protection are making a
significant contribution to solving Uzbekistan's
environmental problems, rational use of natural
resources and ensuring sustainable development,
which
are
also
of
great
importance
internationally. Air pollution has a significant
impact on human health, damaging the lungs and
cardiovascular system. In particular, small
particles (pm2.5 and pm10) can cause asthma,
bronchitis and even death. Currently, asthma is
widespread, the cause of which is particulate
matter and allergens emitted from enterprises. It
is necessary to increase and plant plants and trees
in cities and areas. Because they produce clean
oxygen.
One of the measures to clean the air is the use of
green technologies. The development of
renewable energy sources such as wind and solar,
and the use of electric and hybrid technologies in
vehicles will help reduce air pollution. The
damage to the environment of the Aral Sea is
causing very large-scale and serious problems.
The sharp decrease in the level of the Aral Sea and
the reduction of its water surface have led to an
ecological crisis. The biodiversity of this area has
decreased, and many animal and plant species are
at risk of extinction. Water resources in river and
lake systems are being lost. This situation has a
negative impact on agriculture and drinking
water supply. Due to the loss of water, salt is
accumulating in the soils around the Aral Sea,
which is why productivity is decreasing.
As a result of improper use of the sea for
irrigation, its waters have dried up, leaving salts
and other minerals in the soil. They not only
pollute the soil, but also rise through the wind and
storms and spread to other areas, including
cultivated areas. This has led to an increase in
respiratory diseases and cancer. The Aral Sea
problem is one of the most pressing
environmental problems in Uzbekistan. The
government of Uzbekistan, led by Shavkat
Mirziyoyev, has adopted a number of resolutions
and decrees to save the Aral Sea and restore its
environment. In 2019, the International Aral Sea
Fund was also established. The main goal of this
fund is to solve the environmental problems of
the sea and support the population living in the
area.Today, the level of atmospheric air pollution
is increasing in major cities around the world,
including Tashkent. This is caused by natural and
anthropogenic factors. In particular, the following
factors affect the atmospheric air pollution in the
capital. The following:
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
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Pages:
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OCLC
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1368736135
1. The green area in Tashkent has decreased. In
particular, during the moratorium on cutting
down trees and shrubs, about 49 thousand trees
were illegally cut down.
2. The number of intersections for traffic and
pedestrian flows in cities has not been reduced,
the load on highways has not been reduced, the
cycle of regulating the composition of traffic flow
and speed regime has not been optimized, and
traffic is not properly organized. As a result, many
traffic jams are observed in Tashkent. A car
parked in a traffic jam emits more emissions into
the atmosphere than a moving car.
3. The number of motor vehicles is increasing.
4. As a result of the increasing demand for energy
resources by economic sectors and the
population, the use of hydrocarbons, including
coal, is increasing.
5. Air pollution in Tashkent is caused by wind
direction and speed, air temperature, solar
radiation, amount and duration of atmospheric
precipitation, and temperature inversions.
Environmental ecology is a scientific field that
studies the interactions between natural
resources and organisms. The impact of the
environment on biodiversity is carried out
through many factors. This impact can be positive
and negative.
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
Pages:
71-77
OCLC
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1368736135
C
ONCLUSION
Today, the ecological situation in the whole world
is disturbing many people. Ecological destruction
is taking on a terrifying form before our eyes. The
issues of environmental protection and effective
use of existing natural resources remain relevant.
It has become clear that the cause of the current
ecological crisis and the only one who can save us
from this crisis with his intelligence is Man.
Protecting the environment from pollution and
using natural resources sparingly largely depends
on the level of ecological literacy and ecological
culture of people, regardless of the society in
which
they
live.
Today,
ecology
and
environmental protection remain one of the most
pressing issues in the world. Global warming, loss
of biodiversity, air pollution, and depletion of
water resources are further exacerbating these
problems. Due to human activities, natural
Positive effect
Negative impact
Biodiversity makes ecosystems stable.
The
interdependence
and
interdependence of different species
increases the resilience of ecosystems.
Different species, such as plants,
microbes,
and
animals,
control
biochemical processes such as the
nitrogen cycle and the carbon cycle.
These processes improve soil quality
and improve the environment.
Climate change is changing the
living conditions for many species,
which can reduce biodiversity.
Some species will be unable to
survive in their original habitats and
will be forced to migrate, which will
have
a
negative
impact
on
ecosystems. Pesticides, fertilizers,
and industrial waste are polluting
the environment. This pollution
damages organisms, their food
chains, and their habitats, and many
species will become extinct.
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
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OCLC
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1368736135
resources are being consumed at an alarming
rate, which has a serious negative impact on the
environment. To solve these problems,
international
cooperation,
sustainable
development strategies, and the use of innovative
green technologies are necessary. Only by raising
environmental awareness and rational resource
management can we create a healthy
environment for future generations.
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(ISSN
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Pages:
71-77
OCLC
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1368736135
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