Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
53
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
Pages:
53-58
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
Stress is a significant risk factor for the development and worsening of a number of pathological conditions
and chronic diseases. For many people, emotional and other stresses interfere with normal physical
functioning and disrupt psychosocial well-being. Stresses to which there is no adequate adaptation reduce
the ability to self-control and also increase the risk of developing anxiety and depressive disorders, with a
subsequent increase in the frequency of requests for psychological help.
K
EYWORDS
Emotion, feeling, constructive, destructive, physiological stress, psychological stress, emotional stress.
I
NTRODUCTION
Stress is the human div's response to excessive
tension, negative emotions, or simply boredom.
During stress, the human div produces the
hormone adrenaline, which stimulates the search
for a solution. A small amount of stress is
necessary for everyone, because it forces a person
to think, find a way out of the problem, life
without stress would be boring. On the other
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Research Article
STRESS AND METHODS OF ELIMINATING IT, NEUROTIC
DISORDERS IN THE PERSON
Submission Date:
November 19,
2024,
Accepted Date:
November 24, 2024,
Published Date:
November 29, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-04-11-09
Askarova Nargiza Abdivaliyevna
Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology, Lecturer at the Department of Pedagogy and Psychology of the
Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan
Tashmukhamedova Nazokat Ulugʻbekovna
2nd year student of the Tashkent Medical Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Uzbekistan
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
54
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
Pages:
53-58
OCLC
–
1368736135
hand, if there is too much stress, the div
weakens, weakens, and loses its ability to solve
problems. Several scientific studies have been
devoted to this problem. The mechanisms of
stress have been studied in detail and are very
complex: they are associated with our hormonal,
nervous, and vascular systems. It should be noted
that severe stress affects health. Stress reduces
immunity
and
causes
many
diseases
(cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, etc.). Therefore,
it is necessary to learn to resist stressful
situations and have a positive attitude towards
life.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Psychological stress manifests itself in changes in
various functional systems of the div, its
intensity or strength can lead to anything from
mood disorders to stomach ulcers or heart
attacks. The manifestations of emotional stress
can be classified in different ways. However, for
psychology it is appropriate to classify them as
follows:
1. Behavioral reactions.
2. Reactions in mental activity.
3. Reactions in the emotional sphere.
4. Changes in physiological processes.
A similar classification was originally proposed
by D.Nutt was carried out to study the state of
anxiety and worry that can lead to emotional
tension or stress. D. Nutt distinguished the
following four components that create a state of
anxiety:
- mood (or excitement);
- cognitive sphere (bad memories, thinking about
something in advance, making incorrect
predictions);
- physiological signs (tachycardia - increased
pulse, increased sweating, impaired movements);
- behavioral disorders. In experiments conducted
by Yu. V. Shcherbatikh, stress and other emotional
stresses also affect a person's handwriting. For
example, under the influence of a bad mood, the
distance between letters increases, causing the
letters to become wider. In a good mood, a
person's handwriting is written in small letters,
beautifully. Disruption of the daily routine -
manifested in reduced sleep, shift of working
hours to night hours, abandonment of useful
habits, inability to find appropriate ways to
relieve emotional stress. Changes in professional
activity are observed in the form of an increase in
errors in performing routine actions at work,
chronic lack of time, decreased work efficiency,
impaired coordination of movements, loss of
accuracy. Disruptions in social role-specific tasks
- manifested in the form of insufficient time for
relationships with loved ones and friends,
increased conflicts, decreased sensitivity during
communication, and signs of behavior that
contradict social norms.Also, a person who is
under prolonged emotional stress becomes
indifferent to social norms and standards. He may
even neglect his appearance. Breaking off
relationships with others during times of deep
emotional stress leaves the main problem
unresolved, creating a feeling of guilt and
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
55
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
Pages:
53-58
OCLC
–
1368736135
helplessness. According to adolescents, emotional
stress inherent in academic activities is
associated with a decrease in work capacity and
increased fatigue.
The negative impact of emotional stress is also
manifested in sleep disturbance, haste, and lack of
time. The degree of decrease in working capacity
and sleep disturbance depends on the influence of
many objective and subjective factors. Some
authors do not distinguish between the concepts
of “emotional stress” and “emotional stress”.
Changes in facial expressions, defects in the
performance of movements, and disorders in
speech pronunciation are characteristic of both
conditions. The analysis of the situations
presented by these authors shows that here we
are not talking about long-term stresses of a
classical nature, but about short-term emotional
stress. They give the following classification of
behavioral reactions that occur during emotional
stress, which is also part of stress:
- impulsive form - excessive excitability,
decreased inhibitory activity, errors and hasty
actions;
- inhibitory form
–
increased protective inhibition
due to a decrease in the reserve of the nervous
system;
- generalizing form
–
unexpected actions.
During stress, all areas of intellectual activity,
including memory and attention, can change.
Disturbances in attention indicators are primarily
associated with the dominance of the cortex of the
cerebral hemispheres around the center
associated with the factor that caused emotional
stress. In this case, it becomes difficult to
concentrate attention on important objects, and
rapid distraction is observed.The constant
preoccupation of the mind with analyzing the
causes of emotional stress, searching for ways out
of it, narrows the scope of memory, makes it
difficult to recall the necessary material. Also,
during emotional stress, the interaction of the two
hemispheres may change, that is, the “emotional”
-
right hemisphere prevails over the “logical”
- left
hemisphere. The weakening of mental activity
makes it difficult to find ways out of the situation
that caused the stress. According to V.L. Marishuk
and V.I. Evdokimov, the characteristic disorders
of mental processes during stress indicate that
the dominant is a physiological concept. During
emotional stress, according to the law of negative
induction, the dominant turns off other sources of
excitation. Signs of stress in intellectual activity:
Attention - concentration becomes difficult, it is
quickly distracted, its scope narrows. Thinking
–
impaired logic, disorganization, difficulty in
decision-making, decreased creative abilities.
Memory
–
deterioration of working memory,
difficulty in recalling. Emotional stress affects all
physiological processes in the div
–
the activity
of the digestive, circulatory, respiratory systems.
During stress, the following objective changes can
be noted:
- increased pulse rate or its irregularity;
- increased blood pressure;
- impaired gastrointestinal tract;
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
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Pages:
53-58
OCLC
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1368736135
- decreased skin resistance, etc.These objective
changes, in turn, are also manifested in various
subjective experiences:
- pain in the heart and other organs;
- difficulty breathing;
- muscle tension;
- unpleasant sensations in the digestive system,
etc.
In a study conducted with adolescents, they
assessed their emotional state and noted the
following
manifestations
in physiological
processes:
- headache - 5.7 points;
- rapid pulse or unpleasant sensations in the heart
area - 4.2 points;
- muscle tension - 3.9 points;
- disorders in the gastrointestinal tract - 3.5
points;
- difficulty breathing - 2.8 points.
In timid, sociable, shy, pessimistic, with a weak
nervous
system,
introverted
people,
psychosomatic changes associated with stress are
more pronounced than in others. Emotional
stress can cover various aspects of the human
psyche. This is manifested, first of all, in the
general emotional background, that is, it becomes
sad, gloomy, pessimistic. Under the influence of
prolonged stress, a person becomes less cheerful
than in a normal state, less confident in success.
Against the background of such a mood, a person
experiencing stress experiences strong emotional
outbursts. These outbursts can be in the form of
irritability, hatred, aggression, and affect.
Prolonged or frequently repeated emotional
stress can change a person's character and even
create new character traits. These qualities are
introversion, self-blame, low self-esteem,
suspiciousness, aggression, etc. Sometimes, when
there are strong tendencies, these changes can
even deviate from the norm, turning into
manifestations of psychopathology - asthenia,
neurosis, etc.
Negative emotional states such as fear, anxiety,
pessimism, negativism, high levels of aggression
can simultaneously be both a consequence of
stress and an opportunity for the occurrence of
stress.Studies on the study of stress related to
academic activities show that future situations
can manifest themselves in the form of fear, high
levels of stress, self-doubt, depressive mood,
restless thoughts, and feelings of helplessness.
Types of stress in professional activities. Stress
related to academic activities. Stress related to
exams is a central factor in the mental stress of
secondary school students, especially high school
students. In many cases, exams are recognized as
a psychological shock factor in psychiatry as a
factor that causes psychogenic and neurotic
diseases. According to the results of research
conducted in recent years, exam stress has a
negative effect on the nervous system,
cardiovascular system, and immune system of
adolescents.
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
57
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
Pages:
53-58
OCLC
–
1368736135
Another study found that exam stress, when
combined with caffeine intake, can lead to a sharp
increase in blood pressure in adolescents.
Prolonged and intense emotional stress activates
the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of
the autonomic nervous system. Unfavorable
factors during the preparation for exams include:
- intense mental activity;
- muscle tension;
- limitation of motor activity;
- sleep disturbance;
- emotional stress associated with the possibility
of a change in the social status of adolescents.
C
ONCLUSION
All this leads to excessive strain on the vegetative
nervous system, which ensures normal vital
activity of the div. During the exam, the
frequency of heart contractions increases.
Arterial pressure increases. The level of
emotional and psychoemotional stress increases.
After passing the exams, these indicators do not
immediately return to normal. This takes several
days. As many researchers have found, exam
stress poses a serious threat to the health of
adolescents and students. In turn, exam stress
does not always turn into a level of harmful
distress. In some situations, psychological stress
helps to mobilize the student's capabilities to
solve the educational tasks set for him. Therefore,
if it is necessary to reduce and correct its effect in
some highly impressionable students, then it is
necessary to increase it in inert, poorly motivated
students. There are many means of correcting the
level of exam stress - these are: pharmacological
drugs, mental self-management, optimization of
work and rest, biofeedback methods. The main
task of school practical psychologists is to predict
the stress state of a particular student during the
exam. It is advisable to solve this problem taking
into account the physiological and psychological
characteristics that constitute exam stress, as
well as individual psychological characteristics.
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