Asian Studies

In this article, Professor Suyuma G’aniyeva’s scientific researches in the fields of literature, Orientalism, reference, transcription, and review of texts are discussed. Moreover, scientific results in neoethnology, scholars' confessions about the teacher, the way of life and the literary work of Mrs. are reflected. Furthermore, her cooperation with foreign scholars, various articles which were published in foreign journals, as well as being “The Hero of

The scientific report deals with the great work of the Syrian scientist Muhammad Yusuf Khattar “Encyclopedia of Sufism” which can become an important source for the study of the science of Sufism.

Without researching the traditions of Khorezm School of translation, it is difficult to get an idea of the literature circles of this country.
The article looks through the brief information about the work of Sanoi, also his Sufi-irfan works: "Kanz-ul Maorif" and "Hadikai Azhar", as well as his translation works.

The history of official diplomatic speech is inextricably linked with the formation and development of Turkic official styles, with the development of the country's legislative bodies, the formation and diplomatic relations of Turkic peoples. These documents serve as important sources in the study of the political, official-diplomatic style and its features that took place at different stages of the history of the language; reflects the linguistic, ethical, aesthetic and international diplomatic aspects of the official life of peoples. An important sign is that in local and official diplomatic letters the ruling speech appears in a certain way, which is based on written official documents, in decrees of the rulers. The political, official and diplomatic speech of the rulers of the Golden Horde and the Timurid sultans are reflected in epigraphic texts, legal documents and in decrees of rulers. All legal documents and letters were written by order of the khans and sultans. Of course, the documents were written from the mouths of khans and sultans, and then copied by skillful calligraphers and masters. These words were addressed to their people, state institutions, and also political, official-diplomatic persons. They are important antiquities. One of the most important aspects is that the speech in them is monologous and depends on one person, that is, on the ruler.

The purpose of this article is detection the nouns in texts of modern media and definition its features in using them in materials of the regional press of Iran.

During the last century a great deal of work has been done in the study of the poem Yusuf Has Hajib's "Kutadgu Bilig", which was the first Turkic manuscript. In Uzbekistan,  Professor  Kayum  Karimov  did  some  research  on  translating  this  work  in Uzbek and presented it in a language that is understandable to readers.  On the other hand, this poem has been translated into several languages of the world, and much more has been done. However, there are some disadvantages in conveying its essence.  These  shortcomings  can  be  seen  in  the  fact  that  translations  in  different languages are lost in translation, with some artifacts being lost. This article compares the artistic content of the box knowledge with comparative analysis in foreign languages.  Working on a scientific article, three versions were analyzed and studied. Their bytes were compared. As a result, every translation has some differences. But we can see the similarity  between  the  translations,  especially  in  translations  by  May  and  Ivanov. Because, separately, Walter May has translated this work from a Russian translation by Ivanov. Given that both of the above translations are translated in partnerships, we can see  that  they  have  some  artwork  in  place.  This  is  evident  in  the  translation by  Robert Denkoff. The main reason was that Denkoff translated this work in prose. Illustrated by specific bytes of the work, it provides a comprehensive comparison of the artistic tools used,  including  illustrations  and  epithets,  in  translations  from  four  books  to  three different languages. Finally, it became clear that the shortcomings of some translators had a profound effect on the translation of the work without affecting the translation.

This  article  is  devoted  to  the  analysis  of  functionally  stylistic  features  of pronouns the analysis of all semantic groups of pronouns of Persian language is carried also out.

Currently, one of the actively developing directions in linguistics is language learning in a functional-stylistic aspect. Special attention is paid to the study of the use of language units in different functional styles. Publicist texts are studied according to the functional approach to linguistic analysis of newspaper texts, investigated  based  on  semantics  and  form  of  language  units,  their  function  in  text  formation.  In  the implementation of this function, the semantics and form of the language unit are transformed into a means of generating newspaper text. Although the analysis of the application of parts of speech and their semantic groups within functional styles is particularly important in iranistics, there are no studies on this subject. The study of the newspaper-publicist style of Persian is the most important direction of modern iranistics.

Usman Nasir’s work has been studied on a scientific basis since the beginning of the 30s, and his works were included in educational programs and textbooks of the literary complex. In the following years, the study and research of the poet’s life and work increased. Literary works have been published several times. A number of scientific articles and books were created. In this field, we can mention the scientific researches of literary scholars Naim Karimov, Abubakir Rajabi, Ibrahim Gafurov, O’tkir Rashid, the poet’s niece Nodira Rashidova. In his book dedicated to Usman Nasir, A.Rajabi covered the poet’s life and creative activity for the first time. The article examines which aspects of the poet’s life and work have been stud-ied by literary scholars.

Along with the implementation of ‘The Belt and Road Initiative’, Central Asian studies have drawn attention of Chinese scholars again. This paper discusses a brief research history of Uzbek language studies abroad, and with more emphasis on China studies. Based on the academic value of Uzbek language studies in China and Uzbekistan, the paper also explores the research trends and the cooperative opportunities between scholars from these two countries.

The article talks about the history of the study of the «Alpomish» epic. Also, the versions of this saga recorded from various folk traditions, their common and unique aspects were studied. The version of this epic recorded by the son of Fazil Yuldosh, a famous epic poet and representative of Bulungur epic school, which is the most perfect and artistically perfect copy, therefore, this copy is the basis of many studies on the epic. Opinions have been expressed. The article also analyzes the research of the famous Russian scientist V.M. Zhirmunsky on this poem. The work carried
out on the “Alpomish” poem was investigated in three directions. In the first stage, information is given about the process of recording the epic from the folk dances, when, from which dance, by whom it was recorded, if the recorded copy was published, by whom was it prepared for publication, if it was not published, in which treasure is the manuscript kept.

This article analyzes the degree of researches of the scientific heritage of Abu Isa Tirmidhi in Western countries, such as Germany, France, the United Kingdom. And  at  the  same  time  the  article  provides  information  about  the  reasons  for  the emergence of interest in the scientific heritage of Abu Isa Tirmidhi and its results based on scientific literatures.

The article is devoted to the structural-semantic classification of stylistic means of  repetition in  different language  levels.  Language  is a  mirror  of  culture,  on  the  basis  of which not only the real world around a person, not only the real living conditions of a person, but also the social consciousness of an entire nation, its mentality, national character, way of life, traditions, custom, psyche, value system, worldview, worldview. Language is a tool of culture,  a  weapon.  It  forms  the  worldview,  mentality,  communication  with  people,  that  is, through the culture of the nation, as well as through this language, which is used as a unit of communication,  through  a  direct  connection  between  the  speaker  and  the  language.  As  a form of human activity, language is an integral part of culture and is defined as the overall result of human activity in such aspects of human life as production, social and spiritual. But as a form of the mental world and, most importantly, as a unit of communication, language stands  side  by  side  with  culture.  Through  the  language  itself,  knowledge  gained  from individuals becomes a community experience that allows people of the same people and of the same  culture  to  understand  each  other  despite  different  experiences  and  diversity  of knowledge.  The  man  has  long  expressed  his  attitude  to  the  events  taking  place  in  the environment. This attitude was realized, first of all, through various actions, voices, passions. Then  emotions  were  expressed  in  words,  phrases,  dances.  And  then  people  come  up  with fictional stories explaining the origin of the world, nature, animals, plants, mountains, water. Guys,  girls  weave  love  songs.  Myths  and  legends  arise  about  the  brave  and  courageous young  men  of  the  tribe,  about  their  extraordinary  heroism.  All  of  this  is  still  gaining popularity  among  the  population  who  lived  in  communities  before  the  advent  of  written culture. Today we  are  accustomed  to  calling  them  “folk  oral  creations”.  The  harmony of language, culture and folklore has always attracted the attention of researchers.

The article is devoted to the study of the types of circumstances of the course of action, expressed by adverbs such as: simple, complex, suffixal and prefix in the last previous types, it is noted in what way these circumstances of the course of action are formed. As for the functional features of adverbs, it should be noted that an adverb always performs the function of a circumstance in a sentence. For example, the circumstances of time, place, degree, or mode of action. In the adverbialization characteristic of the Pashto language adverbs, it can be noted that this paragraph deals with the process of the transition of adverbs to other parts of speech. In the Pashto language, a circumstance is divided into simple, complex, suffixal and prefixal groups.

This article discusses the ways in which the lexicon of the verb language is developed in the Persian language. Also, the findings of the lecturer LS Peysikov and the Iranian linguist M.R. Botin's " Ǜ Ắ Ǜ " are examined.

This article reveals the essence of such terms as stability and security.

This scientific article expounds analytical thoughts that in the first decades of the twenty-first century the level of global problems related to the security of mankind has increased many times over, the reasons for this phenomenon are also stated, including the inconsistency of the formation of a new world order, the difficulties of democratization. Conclusions are drawn about new false barriers to the formation of new international relations.  The article focuses on the significance of the 75th anniversary session of the General Assembly of the United Nations and new conceptual ideas that were voiced in the speech of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh.Mirziyoyev.  The author concludes that the constructive ideas and initiatives put forward in the speech of the President of our country will be of great importance in the formation of a fair international system, and at the same time, the institutional capacities and effectiveness of the UN will increase.  The article concludes that as a result of the implementation of the new ideas put forward, the recommendations of the head of our state under the auspices of the UN, a very large number of problems facing humanity will find their positive solution, as a result, new conditions will appear for the formation of a modern, fair, democratic world order. The article emphasizes that the new ideas put forward by the President of our country, in their essence, are aimed at updating the world order. In this regard, our President calls for an increase in common responsibility, as well as strengthening the democratic approaches of the world community to address these challenges.  Therefore, the author believes that the initiatives of our head of state have a very positive meaning for all peoples of the world.  The scientific article emphasizes that the proposal of the head of the country to increase the role of national parliaments is also of historical importance.  In this regard, as noted in the article, the initiative of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the adoption by the  UN  of a special decision to enhance  the role of parliaments is extremely important for the formation of modern foundations for the development of parliamentary diplomacy.  Also, the article pays special attention to the historical role and significance of the new initiatives of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the peaceful solution of the problem of Afghanistan. The article concludes that these fundamentally new, effective initiatives to solve the Afghan problem will contribute to a thorough solution to all the contradictions that exist in modern Afghanistan.

This  article  is  devoted  to  the  analysis  of  factors  contributing  to  the emergence of the problem of migration, which in recent years has become the subject of discussion  in  the  world  community,  the  reasons  contributing  to  the  emergence  of  this problem, the direct impact on the development and socio-political life of our country, as well as government policies aimed at regulating external labor migration and analysis of its prospects. The article deals with the reforms of recent years, in particular, changes in the legislative framework and attempts to solve problems related to migration processes at the interstate level and their prospects.

This article reveals the essence of the concept of "women's literature" and its modern views on the concept. The debut of female art in Uzbek and Chinese literature, the formation of "female literature" in China are also highlighted. The literary environment of the khanates in Uzbek literature and the position of women in them, as well as socio-political events stimulating the creativity of women in Chinese literature.

The article examines the features of the court (palace) poetry in the literary heritage  of  the  Turkic  peoples  and  the  work  of  Bukhar  zhyrau.  For  the  purpose  of  a comprehensive  consideration  of  this  problem,  the  methods  of  historical-comparative  and comparative-typological analysis were used in parallel. On the basis of a systematic research method, the features of the work of court poets in the poetic literature of the Turkic peoples were  identified.  The  creativity  of  the  classic  of  Turkic  literature  Navoi  and  a  prominent representative of Kazakh poetry Bukhar Zhyrau became the object of systematic research. Court poetry at different stages of development was distinguished by a thematic orientation. Based  on  specific  examples,  it  is  determined  that  court  poetry  develops  not  only  in  a laudatory, glorifying, but also in a social form. On the example of the creativity of Bukhar zhyrau, the main features of the poetry of zhyrau are revealed. Although Bukhara served at the palace, he is not ranked among the court poets. Arguments are given in favor of the fact that Bukhar zhyrau, despite the position of vizier and adviser to Abylai Khan, if necessary, sharply criticized some of the khan's actions, which testifies to the close connection of zhyrau poetry with historical and social conditions and events.

The article analyzes the contribution to the development of spiritual culture of the educator Mahmudhoja Behbudi, who was one of the outstanding leaders of the national revival movement that emerged in Turkestan in the XX century, who played an important role in awakening the public consciousness of the Uzbek people at that time. Possessing a broad outlook and deep knowledge, he has always opposed conservatism and ignorance and in his works called for the correct understanding and interpretation of the Islamic religion. His goal was to enlighten the people and bring them to the level of highly developed peoples of the world, to build an advanced society in all respects, a state based on the unshakable principles of humanism and democracy. In the legacy of Mahmudhoja Behbudi, attention is paid to highlighting the issues of science, morality, the influence of art on the spiritual culture of youth, on the understanding of national identity. In satya, the modern meaning of Behbudi's work is investigated.

Khaldun Taner is one of the most famous figures in Turkish literature of the 20th century. He made a great contribution to the development of modern Turkish drama and introduced it to the world. The author's works have been translated into Uzbek, Russian, English, German, Czech, Yugoslav, Kazakh, Azerbaijani and Georgian. The
article provides a general analysis of the translations of the playwright's works. Russian
and Uzbek translations of the stories "The Stork from Iznik" and "Four on a boat" are considered and compared with the original text, their spiritual closeness and stylistic commonality are emphasized in literary translation. Also, Russian and Uzbek translations of phraseological units in Taner's works are analyzed using examples.
The creative merit of Khaldun Taner lies not in depicting supernatural situations, events and people, but in depicting the lives of ordinary, small people. He changes the course of the story in such a way that the reader forgets the personality of the writer and plunges into the events. The writer places his wishes, opinions, decisions and criticism on the main characters of the story. Thus, the main characters of the story act as the narrator. Sometimes animals, sometimes symbols, sometimes objects give ideas to the work and reflect the personality of the writer. The translators who translated his works also took into account these features of the writer's style. As it turned out, the translators skillfully tried to preserve the spirit and nationality of the original work. The work "The Stork from Iznik" was translated into Uzbek by P. Kenzhaeva and into Russian by N. Pirverdyan with great skill and brought to the Uzbek and Russian readers. N. Golubeva skillfully translated the story "Four on a
Boat" into Russian. 

The  аrticle  describes  the  feаtures  of  teаching  Аrаbic  аs  а  foreign  lаnguаge,  modern innovаtive аpproаches to lаnguаge educаtion, аs well аs issues of literаry lаnguаge аnd diаlects. Аrаbic literаry lаnguаge is the most аcceptаble аnd cleаn version of this lаnguаge. Usuаlly this lаnguаge is not the  lаnguаge  spoken  by  the  mаjority  of  the  populаtion,  becаuse  people  constаntly  discover  its  vаrious mаnifestаtions. Diаlects аre chаrаcteristic of locаl populаtions аnd аre trаnsmitted orаlly without written preservаtion.  This  fаctor  аlso  poses  pаrticulаr  difficulties  in  teаching  Аrаbic  to  foreign  students.  The method  of  communicаtive  study  of  the  Аrаbic  lаnguаge,  аlong  with  the  methods  of  teаching  the  Аrаbic lаnguаge, plаys а key role in the effective mаstery of the Аrаbic lаnguаge. Leаrning grаmmаr is importаnt, but а student with deep knowledge of grаmmаr mаy not speаk fluently. Therefore, both of these methods аre of greаt importаnce. Lаnguаge  is  а  culturаl  phenomenon,  therefore  the  culturаl  аnd  historicаl  heritаge  of  eаch  country depends on its lаnguаge. This, in turn, contributes to the development of the nаtion, country аnd society аs а whole. А person is, first of аll, а communicаtor, therefore we need to understаnd eаch other in order to develop аnd improve.

Today, Uzbekistan is opening up to the whole world.  One of the factors in the development of any state is that it has its place in the world community within the framework of important  organizations.    Uzbekistan  has  introduced  various  diplomatic  mechanisms  to accelerate the process of active interaction and mutually beneficial cooperation with the region and  the  world.    One  of  the  most  important  organizations  in  our  country  is  the  Shanghai Cooperation Organization.  The rich history and close cultural ties between the SCO member states predetermine wide cultural and humanitarian cooperation within the organization.  In this sense, it is worth noting that a hundred years ago the space of the SCO countries was connected by the ancient routes of the Silk Road.  It is also deeply symbolic that by the 21st century,  the  countries  of  Eurasia  are  ready  to  develop  new  economic,  cultural  and humanitarian ties, reviving ancient traditions in the context of globalization. Some political and economic  changes  in  the  world  require  that  only  interstate  cooperation  be  adapted  to  the principles  of  public  diplomacy.    Cultural  and  humanitarian  cooperation  has  a  growing tendency  to  develop  mutual  understanding,  mutual  enrichment  and  integration  of  cultures, creating a solid social basis for disseminating information and knowledge about the traditions and  customs  of  peoples  in  the  SCO  space.    Uzbekistan  has  long  been  associated  with  the peoples of the SCO space through ethnic, linguistic, religious and other ties. It was the Uzbek land that served as a bridge connecting these links.  Therefore, the most important direction of Uzbekistan’s  foreign  policy  is  cooperation  with  the  SCO  member  countries.  Therefore,  the possibility of further strengthening the role of Uzbekistan in all areas is an urgent problem.  This article describes the cultural and humanitarian cooperation between Uzbekistan and the SCO, multilateral diplomacy in this area and the contribution of Uzbekistan to the development of this sector within the organization.

This  article  is  to  introduce  the  ‘New  North Policy’  of  the  Moon  Jae-in’s government  (since  May  2017)  of  the  Republic  of  Korea,  and  explain  the  contents  and performance  of  the  2019  Korea-Central  Asian  State  Summit  (Korean  President  and Prime Minister’s official visit to Central Asia) and cooperation in Central Asia under the ‘New North Policy’. By analyzing the significance of 2019 Summit Diplomacy with the relation of New Northern Policy, the conclusion is to propose a couple of plans for future cooperation of Korea and Central Asian states.