Asian Studies

The word serves a meaning. A word can have different meanings than its original meaning. The first of these meanings is the original lexical meaning, the rest are figurative or additional meanings. This condition occurs in all languages. The figurative meaning of the word serves to increase the attractiveness and effectiveness of speech, to illuminate the essence of events, to give it an artistic harmony, and is realized in more literary texts, works of art. The lexemes that characterize the subject are widely used in speech, especially in the literary text, and serve to pass on to future generations the rich heritage of the people, information about their social life. Colors play an active role in creating the artistic landscape of the world. Color adjectives in Pashto also have semantic semantic meaning. Among the adjectives that express color, the most significant are the transitions or loss of meaning in the adjectives  نیپس (white) and  روت (black), which are reflected in more literary texts and works of art. In addition to the figurative meanings of the white and black adjectives denoting color, the article analyzes the lexical-semantic analysis of the occurrence of these adjectives in word combinations, compound words and fixed compounds. The article describes the active participation of white and black qualities in the creation of famous horses, such as land, sea, mountain, road, as well as the fact that these qualities are used in the creation of verbs. In the concluding section, the figures show the occurrence of the adjectives white and black in figurative senses and their participation in compound words and phraseological combinations.

The article is devoted to the study of the semantic analysis of the circumstances of the way of action, types of circumstances of the way of action, which determine the quality of the action, the degree of manifestation of the action or feature, indicating the state of the action, as well as the quality of the action and the way of performing the action. According to the semantic features of the circumstances of the course of action, it is worth noting that it is always an adverb in a sentence. For example, the circumstances of time, place, degree, or mode of action. In  the  Pashto  language,  a  circumstance  is  divided  according  to  semantics  into  the  following  ways  of expression: circumstances that determine the quality of an action, the degree of manifestation of an action or a sign, circumstances that indicate the state of the action, circumstances of an action that indicate the quality of the performance of an action, as well as circumstances of an action that indicate a way to perform an action.

In this article “Speech etiquette units” learned by Western and Eastern countries’ scholars will be discussed. The aim of the research is to study the area of “Speech etiquette units” widely and deeply. For this, the tasks of comparing, analyzing, summarising the general approach of the theories were accomplished.  Method  of  research  has  theoritical  and  empiric  character  such  as  reviewing,  analyzing,  comparing  and empiric observing method is used to conduct an observation over live and virtual mass-media, also daily life communications. The first works of the initial researchers were studied and the next generation researchers’ attitude towards them is was also taken into consideration. The actuality and practice effectivity of learning this topic was proved via particular facts. American, European and Russian scientific sources were studied. In conclusion,  in  Western  culture  (USA,  Italy,  Spain,  France,  and  etc.)  people  prefer  not  to  pressure  on somebody  and  not  be  under  pressure.  It  refers  to  negative  politeness  which  is  without  some  fake  arts  of politeness.  The opinion is expressed directly by the western people. In Russia using fake etiquette units is not accepted.  In  Britain,  the  principles  of  decorating  the  speech,  not  expressing  the  idea  clearly,  not  making pressure are important and their communication culture refers to negative face.

This scholarly article examines the life and creative biography of the famous Afghan writer and literary scholar, researcher Ghulam Ghaws Khaybari, and covers a wide range of information about the author that is still known. His time at Delhi University in India and his tenure as director of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa  Radio  speaker  and  the  «Pashtun  Jag»  (Voice  of  Pashtun)  magazine  are  widely  covered. Ghulam Gavs Khaybari is known as a Pashto – speaking writer and his works of art are studied throughout his career. It discusses the main ideas of the work of art and the problems it raises. The article also provides a detailed list of Ghulam Gavs Khaybari's previously published works of art and research.

The  article  is  dedicated  to  scientific  heritage  of  the  great  encyclopedial scientist Abu Raykhan Beruni. There given information about his role in world's science and books written by him. As well as, there given analysis of Berunis scientific activity and common points in works of another scientists of his time.

Sayyid  Ahmad  ibn  Jalal  ad-Din  Kwajagi  Kasani-Dahbedi  (868/1461–949/1542) was a brilliant scholar and great thinker of Mawarannahr. He has been mentioned in manuscripts as a Makhdum-i  A`zam Kasani, Makhdum-i A`zam Dahbedi, Makhdum-i A`zam Kasani-Dahbedi or shortly Makhdum-I  A`zam. This article is devoted to the study of scientific-spiritual heritage of the afore-mentioned outstanding scholar on the base of the first sources, stored at the Manuscripts Fund of the Center for Oriental Manuscripts named after Abu Rayhan Beruni under the Tashkent State Institute of Oriental Studies.

In the Sufi historiography of Central Asia, most of the problems are studied in the context of the teachings of Naqshbandiya and Yassaviya orders. According to the history and historiography of these two teachings  of  spiritual improvement, the  works  of  both  foreign  and local  researchers  can  be shown. However,  we  cannot  say  that  these  reflections  have  left  a  strong  sense  in  the  socio-spiritual  life  of  the region like other teachings, including the Kubraviya order. For example, there are very few scientific works that give analytical conclusions and summarize the scientific views on the personality and spiritual heritage of Najmiddin Kubra’s famous followers as Sayfiddin Bokharzi (1190-1262), Kamal Zhandi (672/1273) and Husayn Khorezmi (836/1433) who played an important role in the dissemination of this discipline in the region.  Considering  this  aspect  of  the  problem  in  the  present  article,  we  tried  to  carry  out  a historiographical analysis of the particular problems associated with the personality of Sayfiddin Bokharzi. The  study  of  the  identity  of  the  Bokharzy  also  continues  after  independence.  It  would  not  be  an exaggeration if we say that conducting an analysis after in-depth study of it and free examination on the basis of documents, analysis as one of the followers of Sufism, is a requirement of the present. This person is known to many local specialists by O.D.Chekhovic's researches, which devoted to waqf properties in Bukhara. Today, Sayfiddin Bokharzi, whose grave is in Bukhara, is remembered in Uzbekistan as a representative of Sufism, a religious leader who owns pious endowments in the past. Is it really so? What else do we know about Sayfiddin Bokharzi and his activities? This article is devoted especially to the disclosure  of  Sayfiddin  Bokharzi’s  relation  with  the  his  preceptor    Najmiddin  Kubro,  the  personal  life, generations and disciples of Sayfiddin Bokharzi, the relations of Bokharzi with the Berka Khan the ruler of Golden Horde and his written heritage in the base of published works of foreign researchers. We hope that in  the  future  wide  attention  will  be  paid  to  the  personality  of  Bokharzy,  and  his  bright  personality  and spiritual legacy will receive wide recognition.

This article researched Sayfiy Bukhari’s (died in 1503) “Aruzi Sayfiy” treatise from the viewpoint of the modern poetry. It is about the structure of the treatise, description of asls, bakhr and doiras (metric circles). Here is revealed the significance of  “Aruzi Sayfiy” in the Timurids period.

This article covers the study of the poet's revenge in the Devon of the scientific heritage of Mansur Al-Hazimi, the representative of poetry in modern Saudi literature in Arabic “pleasure-babble and stories”. We believe that the poems of Mansur al-Hazimi written with the attribute of love and nature in the book   ةريزجلا  نم ةيبرعلا ءارعش (“Poets  of  the  Arabian  Peninsula”)  are  rich  in  content  and  beauty  of  form, persistently producing all the elements concerning the form and content of Mansur al-Hazimi, giving them polish and gloss, skillfully using the language opportunities, so that the clear fluency of the the ideas are simple and concise, attacking the reader in thought, literally witnessing the reader's compatibility. Also, his poetry was compared with each other in terms of meaning in the poems of Uzbek literature.

This article is devoted to historical work “Ahbar ad-davla as-Saljukiyya” by historian Sadr ad-Din ibn al-Husayni, wich has important significance for the history of Central Asia, Azerbaijan, Iran and Iraq in period of Saljuks and Gaznevids (XI–XIII centuries.). The author gives us an interesting information about biography of Nizam al-Mulk – chief vizier of Saljuk rulers Alparslan (1063–1072) and his son Malikshakh (1072–1092).

The  article  is  devoted  to  the  study  of  the  formation  of  scientific,  technical  and  innovation policy  in  Japan.  In  addition,  an  analysis  of  the  influence  of  a  number  of  factors  on  the  growth  of  the economy,  among  which  are  innovation-oriented  human  capital,  is  made  on  the  basis  of  econometric modeling in the work. The purpose of research is to analyze the formation of the scientific, technical and innovation policy of Japan, to identify through the correlation and regression model the influence of innovative factors on the development of the country's economy. Scientific novelty:

- The article formulates a retrospective of the scientific, technical and innovation policy of Japan;

-  A  model  of  the  influence  of  a  number  of  factors  on  the  economic  development  of  Japan has  been created, including domestic expenditures on R&D, income from the export of technological products, and the number of people employed in R&D in Japan

the article discusses the results of a full-scale technical survey and the proposed methods of
restoration and reconstruction measures to ensure the durability of the “Madrasai Mir” building in the city of Kokand.

This scientific article is devoted to the study of the adjective paradigmes which express colours in creative works by Alisher Navai.

In this article concepts of “good” and “bad” have been observed as the universal idea of humans mind in terms of Cognitive Linguistics in the texts of Korean classical stories, its characteristic plots have been described on the basic materials of Korean poets.

This article is dedicated to the study of copulative phraseological combinations; pair combination of words; copulative phraseological terms; and multinomial phraseological verbs. Also, in this article are considered copulative phraseological combinations and thier place in phraseological fund of the Persian language.

This article is dedicated to study theoretical ideas about copulative combinations and the analysis of the opinions of linguists on this theme. Also, in this article are considered сopulative compounds, copulative phraseological combinations, free copulative phrases and their differentiation.

The article is enlightened moments of establishment of political and diplomatic relationships between the Kokand khanate and the Manchurian Empire (1644– 1911) that took place in the middle of 1759, which was period of reign of the Kokand ruler (khan) Irdona (1753–1763). Thanks to the strong diplomatic skills of Irdona-biy, relations  between  the  two  countries  developed.  The  study  of  this  problem  has  a  great importance in the historical science of Uzbekistan.

The article provides a brief historical retrospective of the evolution of approaches to regional integration of the newly independent States of Central Asia. Particular attention is paid to the new policy of Uzbekistan  towards  neighboring  States,  articulation  of  fundamental  principles  and  approaches  of  the Republic aimed at strengthening regional integration. Article includes detail examples of formation of new approaches to Central Asia by external centers of influence, considering as a single regional international subsystem.

The  article  analyzes  regional  cooperation  among  Central  Asian  countries  based  on  identity dimension. The peoples of the region share common cultural and civilizational values, economic ties, history, ethnic and linguistic kinship, common security challenges and threats. This allows us to declare that now regional interaction is a priority for political, social, economic and cultural and humanitarian spheres of life among Central Asian states. The presence of regional identity is an important foundation for regional cooperation and acts as a guarantor of deepening interstate relations in Central Asia. The development of regional cooperation strengthens the role of Central Asia as an independent subject of international relations system.

All Humans were born in their family, they grow as a member of family. Family is considered as a place which has a bond to live together of relationship with man  and  wife,  parents,    children  as  well  as  siblings.  Blood  relation  and  relative  by marriage are main part in attitude of society, In addition it can consist of their duties and aims.  That  kind  of  attitude  among  society  is  said  kinship.  And  the  words  which  are related to this are called kinship terms. These terms possess form of naming and address. This terms posses two types: address and naming which are differentiated in relationship.  This article provides comparison between similarities and differences in the terms of kinship in Japanese and Uzbek languages. Direct and соllateral family ties from the ascending line (grandfather) to the descending line (grandson) are analyzed. The objective of this work is to identify answers to questions such as whether the meanings of kinship terms are uniquely suited in Japanese and Uzbek languages and whether relationship structures are similar or different. In this scientific article, the names of kinship relations in Japanese and Uzbek are systematized, their  meanings  and  relations  are  determined.  In  Japanese  and  Uzbek  languages,  the  name blood relationship is consistent but there are differences in relation. From the point of view of соllateral family kinship, it was found that there are differences in the name of the kinship, in both their meaning and attitude.

As  you  know,  there  are  different  branches  and  directions  in  the  world  of translation. Friendly relations between the Uzbek and Chinese peoples serve to strengthen and expand literary ties. In modern Chinese and Uzbek linguistics, more and more attention is paid to the study of language, especially vocabulary, semantics, analogies and metaphors. The fact that research in world linguistics is carried out on a large scale in the historical-comparative, system-structural and anthropocentric directions makes it possible to study the development of the language and the changes taking place in it. In the field of comparative linguistics,  a  number  of  studies  have  been  carried  out  in  order  to  systematize  the  lexico-stylistic,  phraseological  and  grammatical  units  of  each  national  language  through  a comparative  study  of  comparable  languages  in  order  to  identify  common  features  and differences for both. Each language has its own vocabulary. The fact that a word is expressed using lexical, phraseological and lexico-phraseological words, in turn, shows how long the language has a history. The correct and purposeful use of this wealth makes speech effective and expressive. Since ancient  times, writers and  philosophers have  paid particular  attention  to  the use  of phraseological units to make them more effective and efficient. Phraseology is a holistic phrase that distinguishes a language from other ordinary words and has its own set of literary linguistic norms, as well as its own origin story. Phraseological compounds  have  been  widely  used  in  Uzbekistan  since  the  first  half  of  the  last  century. Created  a  number  of  articles,  monographs,  dissertations,  glossaries,  textbooks,  teaching materials.

This  article  systematically  describes  the  scientific  and  practical  research carried out in the diplomacy of Uzbekistan in the framework of the sciences of international relations, political science, history, jurisprudence and the economy based on an interdisciplinary approach.

The article analyzes the "informal" prohibition of national and religious values of the Uzbeks and measures of their restoration in the example of "The Beginning of the Year – Holiday of Navruz". Holiday Navruz is consecrated as the ambassador of independence, peace, sustainable development of our country during independence years.

The current article is devoted to a problem of Chinese language as one type of language  families.  There  are  given  some  opinions  and  theories  of  sinologists.  The  article considers the some typological differences between old Chinese and modern Chinese language.

Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between Korea and Uzbekistan in 1992, the two countries, based on mutually beneficial cooperation and trust, have been developing friendly relations in various fields every year. In particular, the rise of Korea and Uzbekistan to the level of "Special Strategic Partnership" in 2019 was an important event in relations between the two countries. These achievements have not been achieved overnight, but are the result of the two countries ’trust, cooperation and efforts to support each other over the past 30 years. 2021 will mark the 30th anniversary of diplomatic relations between Korea and Uzbekistan. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1992, diplomatic relations between the two countries have been growing in quantity and quality. Today, the presidents of Korea and Uzbekistan sometimes call each other "Aka-Uka" and sometimes describe each other as "true friends." Korea and Uzbekistan have become true brothers. Accordingly, Korea and Uzbekistan, which are actively developing diplomatic, economic, social, as well as health, cultural and labor exchanges as strategic partners for each other, will be a great synergy if they expand cooperation in the future and meet each other's needs and develop together. effect is expected to occur.