Volume 02 Issue 08-2022
4
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
08
Pages:
04-10
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.458
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article describes the development of electronic government, its importance in optimizing relations between the
state and citizens, and bridging the distance between the state and the people. Also, it is scientifically based that the
processes of introducing and improving the electronic government take place on the basis of 2 important factors -
technological and legal factors, and that both factors have a parallel effect in the processes of introducing the
electronic government. Based on the same analysis, the processes of implementation of electronic government in
Uzbekistan are periodized from the point of view of the same 2 factors from 1991 to 2015, from 2015 to 2020 and after
2020. Also, the practical results of electronic government in our country in 2017-2022 have been systematically shown.
KEYWORDS
Electronic government, technological and legal factor, public services, "electronic participation", "one-stop shop"
principle, ICT, online platform, electronic services, electronic cooperation, www.my.gov.uz, Unified interactive public
services portal, 24/7/365.
Research Article
INTRODUCTION OF E-GOVERNMENT AS A FACTOR OF BRINGING CLOSER
THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE STATE AND THE PEOPLE
Submission Date:
August 11, 2022,
Accepted Date:
August 21, 2022,
Published Date:
August 26, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijhps/Volume02Issue08-02
Erkinov Ilkhomjon
Doctoral student of the National University of Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijhps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 08-2022
5
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
08
Pages:
04-10
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.458
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
INTRODUCTION
Today, the social, economic, political spheres of
society, including the state administration system,
cannot be imagined without electronic government.
After all, electronic government serves to expand the
capabilities of citizens through more efficient
organization of public administration, quality delivery
of public services to citizens, improvement of relations
with business and industry, and access to information.
The result is reduced corruption, increased
transparency, greater convenience, increased revenue
and reduced costs.
The concept of electronic government has been given
various definitions and descriptions. In some sources,
e-government is considered as the automation of the
process of providing public services, while in others, e-
government is defined as the use of information and
communication technologies in the provision of public
services to citizens, business representatives, state
bodies and organizations.
The introduction of electronic government in public
administration will not only change the traditional
relations of governments with citizens, but also direct
participation of every citizen who is not indifferent to
the future of the country in public administration, in
particular, to eliminate the problems and shortcomings
that have arisen in society. z gives the opportunity to
freely express suggestions and comments. In almost all
developed and developing democratic countries,
electronic government is establishing a comprehensive
management practice for increasing the efficiency of
public administration, quick and easy use of public
1
https://w ww.britannica.com/topic/e-government
2
Golobutsky A.P., Shevchuk OB. Electronic
services by citizens and entrepreneurs, and their direct
participation in public administration.
LITERATURE REVIEW
The concept of electronic government first appeared
in the United States in the early 90s of the 20th
century. It is known that this concept arose in 1991,
during the time of the President of the United States,
Bill Clinton, when he paid special attention to the
development of the Internet and information
communication technologies in general at the state
level. During the Clinton administration, the concept of
"Electronic Government" spread to the mass media
through the documents of state agencies, since 1999,
began to appear periodically and frequently in leading
publications across the ocean and in Europe. It was
during this period that the "Electronic Government"
and related principles were analyzed and researched
scientific works appeared.
In the UK, the Labor Party, elected in 1997, made e-
services the centerpiece of its government
modernization programme
1
.
In countries such as the USA and Great Britain, which
were among the first to pay attention to research in
the field of IT, e-government is primarily understood as
a concept aimed at increasing the efficiency of
government activities
2
. In particular, the concept of "e-
government" was defined by Senators Lieberman and
Thompson as a means of "using the advances in
Internet technologies to improve the efficiency of
government activities and provide citizens with simple
government. - Kiev: UMC-Atlant, 2002.
Volume 02 Issue 08-2022
6
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
08
Pages:
04-10
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.458
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
information about government programs, services,
and information”
3
.
Electronic government is the application of
information and communication technologies in public
administration bodies, which is said to improve public
services and democratic processes and support public
policy institutions in harmony with organizational
changes and the introduction of new skills
4
.
The term e-government is the use of information
technologies by government agencies capable of
reforming relations with citizens, businesses and
various branches of government. These technologies
can serve different purposes. These include improving
the provision of public services to citizens, improving
relations with industry and business, and more
effective public administration. As a result, it is possible
to observe the realization of advantages such as the
reduction of corruption, the provision of transparency,
the wide convenience of users, the increase of income
or the reduction of costs
5
.
In the "Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on
electronic government" adopted in 2015, electronic
government is defined as follows. Electronic
government is a system of organizational and legal
measures and technical tools aimed at ensuring the
provision of public services by the use of information
and communication technologies to individuals and
legal entities, as well as interdepartmental electronic
cooperation
6
. Also, this law forms the legal basis for
issues related to the deepening of administrative
reforms in the state administration system, obtaining
3
Computerization of public administration// Bureau
of International Information
Programs. U.S.
Department of State. - usinfo.state.gov , 30.10.2002.
specific results aimed at satisfying the demands and
wishes of citizens. The principle of openness and
transparency of the activities of state bodies, the
provision of electronic state services based on the
"one stop" principle, and the continuous improvement
of electronic state services serve as an important
guarantee of the realization of the rights and interests
of citizens.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
It is known from the history of the development of
human society that the transition to electronic
government, more precisely, the introduction of the
system of providing public services in electronic form,
goes parallel to the transition from an industrialized
society to an information society. In particular, the role
of ICT development is of primary importance. To put it
simply, along with many aspects, the introduction of
electronic government in a particular country requires
the development of the technological aspect, along
with many aspects. The results of the analysis of the
Eastern and Western models of the introduction of
electronic government also testify to this. With this in
mind, the analysis of the experience of introducing
electronic government in Uzbekistan first of all shows
the need to consider the same process by dividing it
into certain periods.
The results of the analysis of the experience of the
leading countries in the introduction of e-government
show that the processes of introduction and
improvement of e-government in a particular country
took place on the basis of 2 important factors. The first
4
Definition of the European Union to the concept of e-
government.
5
World Bank's definition of electronic government.
6
https://www.lex.uz/acts/2833860
Volume 02 Issue 08-2022
7
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
08
Pages:
04-10
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.458
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
is the technological factor; the second is the legal
factor. It should be emphasized that both factors have
a parallel effect in the process of introducing electronic
government. In this place, from the point of view of
order, they were described one by one. Based on this,
it can be said that in Uzbekistan, which became a
sovereign subject of the international global
community after gaining independence, the transition
stage of the development of the individual society to
the information society was under the combined
influence of the same 2 factors. Based on the same
analysis, the processes of implementation of electronic
government in Uzbekistan can be periodized from the
point of view of the same 2 factors from 1991 to 2015,
from 2015 to 2020 and after 2020. Phase 1 from 1991 to
2015 can be described as the period of creating the
necessary conditions for the transition to electronic
government. First of all, this stage is distinguished by
the entry of modern ICT and the Internet into
Uzbekistan. We can call the second stage, which
includes the period from 2015 to 2020 - the stage of
development and improvement of "electronic
government". At this stage, we can see the adoption
of the legal document, which is the legal basis of e-
government - the law "on e-government", as well as
the improvement of the state service desk. The third
stage, which includes the period from 2020 to the
present, can be described as the period from
"electronic government" to "electronic democracy" in
the new stage of Uzbekistan's development. E-
democracy - increasing the level of citizens' awareness
about the activities of the government structure at
various levels, openness of information and its delivery
to the end user, support and strengthening of the two-
way communication between the public and the
authorities by the authorities and the public, Citizens'
participation in public administration participation,
direct support of democratic processes is considered.
ANALYSIS АND RESULTS
It is known from the history of the development of
human society that the transition to electronic
government, more precisely, the introduction of the
system of providing public services in electronic form,
goes parallel to the transition from an industrialized
society to an information society. In particular, the role
of ICT development is of primary importance. To put it
simply, along with many aspects, the introduction of
electronic government in a particular country requires
the development of the technological aspect, along
with many aspects. The results of the analysis of the
Eastern and Western models of the introduction of
electronic government also testify to this. With this in
mind, the analysis of the experience of introducing
electronic government in Uzbekistan first of all shows
the need to consider the same process by dividing it
into certain periods.
E-Government – service design that includes the use of
the Internet and rapid electronic communication
mechanisms such as instant surveys, web polls, and e-
mail to provide government-citizen interactions with
government services and transactions online and
includes improving delivery.
E-Government can be considered simply as a website
or online platform that can provide government
services over the Internet. However, this would be an
extreme minimization of the capabilities of e-
government.
E-government can be conditionally divided into two
types:
Electronic services: digital provision of services,
programs and information by the government;
Volume 02 Issue 08-2022
8
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
08
Pages:
04-10
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.458
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
E-Participation: It can be said that digital
communication related to the internet can increase
public activity such as direct and indirect participation
in public administration, voting, expressing opinions
and even paying taxes, fines or various fees.
The introduction of electronic government in public
administration will put an end to traditional
bureaucratic obstacles, as well as increase the level of
public services, simplify citizens' compliance with state
legislation, increase their activity and trust in society,
prevent corruption, fraud means reducing and
increasing the efficiency of public spending.
Institutional foundations of state administration
bodies that do not meet modern requirements and the
principles of their activity prevent the full
implementation of the ongoing reforms and the
achievement of the set goals. The introduction of
electronic government in public administration is an
important tool for creating a completely new, effective
and high-quality system of public administration,
organizing the harmonious activities of state
administration bodies and local executive authorities in
order to achieve the results of large-scale reforms
implemented at the new stage of the country's
development. . The main goal of introducing electronic
government in public administration is to bring closer
the distance between the state and the people.
In our country, based on the experience of information
communication
technologies
and
developed
democratic countries, a number of works are being
carried out to effectively provide public services to
citizens by fundamentally transforming all sectors. In
particular, as an implementation of the decision of the
Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan
dated December 30, 2012 No. 378 "On measures to
further improve the activity of the Government portal"
7
https://my.gov.uz/uz/site/statistic-graph
of the Republic of Uzbekistan, taking into account the
provision of interactive public services, A single
interactive
state
services
portal
(http://www.my.gov.uz) was created and launched on
the Internet on July 1, 2013. The purpose of this
information resource is to create wide opportunities
for users, and first of all, business entities to obtain
information about public services, as well as to provide
public services on the basis of the "one-stop shop"
principle. The single portal of interactive state services
incorporates the provision of services through the
Internet, that is, the user has the opportunity to use
interactive services of his choice from any point of the
republic and at any time.
Today, the possibility of using 341 interactive services
in more than twenty directions is provided, and the
scope of public services is expanded and the
implementation of their tasks is being further
improved
7
. Through this portal, citizens of our country
or business entities, representatives of organizations
and institutions can get complete information on all
elements of state power, and make official appeals to
one or another state div in electronic form. The
register of important interactive public services is also
placed on the portal. A mobile version of the
Government portal (www.gov.uz) has also been
developed in order to create convenience for citizens.
Also, today, through this application, fast and efficient
government services are provided for the population.
The portal contains information on all issues related to
the housing and communal services of Uzbekistan,
tariff notices, and even a calculator for all communal
services in a convenient form. Any person can post
information and photos on the portal about one or
another problem related to communal economy. With
Volume 02 Issue 08-2022
9
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
08
Pages:
04-10
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.458
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
the help of this information, relevant state bodies will
study local problems and take measures to solve them.
In the process of reforming the field of public
administration in our country, the creation of an
operational system and digitalization of public
services, which are convenient for the population, free
from excessive bureaucratic obstacles, were set as a
priority. In particular, during 2017-2021, new buildings
of 142 state service centers were built, branches of
state service centers were established in 129 regions.
The provision of public services was reduced from 465
days to 237 days. More than 27.6 million services were
provided through state service centers in 2017-2021, of
which 11.4% were electronic (online) services. In
addition, a total of 207 state service centers were
established. The number of services provided through
state service centers increased from 37 to 157. The
number of documents required for the provision of
public services has been reduced to 95. The number of
mobile (mobile) state services was 662,411. In 2017,
more than 170,000 state services were provided only
to entrepreneurs, and in 2020, more than 8 million
state services were provided to individuals and legal
entities
8
.
Individuals and legal entities were provided 2,983
services in 2017, 1.3 million in 2018, 2.8 million in 2019, 3.1
million in 2020, and 9.2 million in 2021 through the
unified interactive state services portal. 7 million state
services were provided in January-July 2022. Today, 341
state services are provided electronically to individuals
and legal entities through the Unified Interactive State
Services Portal.
9
.
8
Results of the Strategy of Actions on five priority
areas of development in Uzbekistan in 2017-2021
Fastbook: -Tashkent: Baktriya Press, 2021. 19 p.
Based on the decision of the Cabinet of Ministers of the
Republic of Uzbekistan dated August 7, 2015 "On
measures to further improve the Government portal of
the Republic of Uzbekistan on the Internet, taking into
account the provision of open information", more
information is available on the Internet. Open data
portal www.data.gov.uz was launched as part of the
Government portal of the Republic of Uzbekistan,
which allows free and free access.
CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATIONS
In short, the e-government will become a qualitatively
new, truly democratic institution that implements the
right to make political decisions in the management of
state affairs, the basic rights of citizens: to receive and
disseminate information, to express their opinion, and
to participate directly.
Also, one of the main principles of the "Electronic
Government" system is that every citizen can apply to
the government at any time and place. That is,
"Electronic government" means that citizens can
interact with the state and access public services 24
hours a day, 7 days a week, regardless of their
geographical location.
In addition, e-government creates the possibility of
direct interaction with people living in remote or
disadvantaged communities, as well as providing them
with public services, identifying their problems and
shortcomings in a timely manner, and helping them to
eliminate them. . E-Government plays an important
role not only in service delivery but also in
9
Volume 02 Issue 08-2022
10
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
08
Pages:
04-10
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.458
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
strengthening digital literacy, digital integration, digital
access and digital identity.
As a result of the practical implementation of these
functions, the e-government can come closer to the
realization of its goal. Also, building a system of full-
fledged mutual cooperation of civil society, realizing
these relations in a horizontal way, contributing to the
rapprochement of the state and society, strengthening
mutual trust, is the basis for increasing the value of the
rights and freedoms of every citizen. is serving.
REFERENCES
1.
https://w ww.britannica.com/topic/e-government
2.
Golobutsky A.P., Shevchuk OB. Electronic
government. - Kiev: UMC-Atlant, 2002.
3.
Computerization of public administration// Bureau
of International Information Programs. U.S.
Department of State. - usinfo.state.gov ,
30.10.2002.
4.
Definition of the European Union to the concept
of e-government.
5.
World Bank's definition of electronic government.
6.
https://www.lex.uz/acts/2833860
7.
https://my.gov.uz/uz/site/statistic-graph
8.
Results of the Strategy of Actions on five priority
areas of development in Uzbekistan in 2017-2021
Fastbook: -Tashkent: Baktriya Press, 2021. 19 p.
9.
https://my.gov.uz/uz/site/statistic-graph
