Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
14
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
14-21
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article examines the reforms carried out in the renewed Uzbekistan and the principle of human interests and its
high value in their fundamental essence. Based on this principle, public attention to women, the importance of
regulatory documents aimed at increasing their participation, prestige and place in the life of the state and society,
protecting their rights and legitimate interests, their practical implementation, existing problems among women are
covered. Based on the strategy of Gender development, prospective development trends were analyzed. The novelty
of the issue raised in the article was from the problems of today, when the proportion of women in the fields of science
was analyzed in the section of Sciences. This study was studied on the example of Jizzakh State Pedagogical University
and showed the current achievements and problems.
Also, in the development of Science in Uzbekistan, proposals and recommendations were developed aimed at further
increasing the share of women scientists.
KEYWORDS
Science, development factors, innovative and innovative ideas, innovative approaches, research, academic degrees,
Gender strategy, stereotyped factors, legal literacy.
INTRODUCTION
Science is the basis of the development of any country.
The reason is that the state develops, rises and
becomes powerful in all fields only through the
development of science. In particular, thanks to the
achievements
of
science,
economic
growth,
improvement of the standard of living of the
population, and solving of current problems of the
social sphere are achieved.
Research Article
THE ROLE OF WOMEN SCIENTISTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE
IN THE RENEWED UZBEKISTAN: CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS
Submission Date:
Sep 01, 2024,
Accepted Date:
Sep 06, 2024,
Published Date:
Sep 11, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijhps/Volume04Issue09-04
Bobobekova Nargiza Ismatullayevna
M
aster’s student at Specialty Methodology of teaching social and humanitarian Sciences
, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijhps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
15
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
14-21
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Today is a time when globalization and digitization are
accelerating, and everyone has realized that progress
can be achieved only through the development and
support of scientific and innovative activities. It is a
time when existing problems can be solved only with
innovative approaches. Innovative approaches can be
applied only with the achievements of science,
therefore, achieving the development of science is as
important for the prospects of our country as water
and air.
So, what is being done in this field in our country? What
conditions and prospective plans are being created for
the establishment of the Third Renaissance in the
modernized Uzbekistan?
In general, many reforms in this regard are being
implemented in our country, their legal bases are being
created and put into practice. Including. In 2018-2021, 2
laws, 5 decrees and 26 decisions of the President, 35
decisions and 7 orders of the Cabinet of Ministers were
adopted in order to improve the system of state
support for science and innovation.[1] The road map
for the development of science was defined in the
"Concept of the development of science until 2030",
approved on the basis of the Decree of the President
of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. PF-6079 of October
29, 2020.[2]
On the basis of these legal bases, a significant part of
the state budget is spent annually on social expenses,
including education and science. In 2021, more than 239
billion soums were allocated from the state budget for
the development of innovative development and
innovative
ideas,
design,
reconstruction,
and
construction and equipment of objects, and in 2022,
this figure will be 671 billion. total of 0.39% of state
budget expenditures.[3]
As a result, during these years, 28 scientific
organizations and 4 innovative technology parks were
established and are operating. During these years, the
activity of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan,
which is an important operator of the State scientific
research policy, including 28 scientific research
institutions and 4 state museums, has been improved.
It is known that in 2017, the Ministry of Innovative
Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan (from
January 1, 2023, the Agency for Innovative
Development under the Ministry of Higher Education,
Science and Innovation) was established, and was
tasked with supporting the development of innovative
ideas and technologies. . In particular, at the initiative
of the Ministry, 342 scientific developments were
commercialized in 2018-2021. As a result, the
production of products worth 151.2 billion soums and
the sale of products worth 128.7 billion soums were
achieved.[4]
THE MAIN PART
So, what is the share of our women in this process? In
general, what is the role of our women, who make up
half of our population, in the development of society,
the development of science and the education system?
Today, the renewing Uzbekistan is entering a new
stage of its development. As we are trying to build the
third Renaissance, are we able to effectively use the
knowledge and perfection of our enlightened and
scholarly women?
In the process of finding answers to such questions, we
will focus on analytical data.
The total value of 1.7 trillion was awarded by women to
the competition of practical and innovative projects
"Grants of Women Scholars" announced by the
Ministry of Innovative Development in 2020. sum, a
Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
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International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
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2771-2222)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
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P
AGES
:
14-21
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
total of 111 scientific projects were presented.
According to the results of the initial technical
expertise, 40 projects were given a positive conclusion
and the total amount was 10 billion. 450 mln. 9 projects
worth soums were financed.[5]
By 2021, in accordance with the requirements of the
state order for research and development, the total
annual financial volume will be 45.4 billion. 82 projects
worth 27.8 billion soums. 57 practical, about 17 billion
soums. 25 innovative projects worth soums also belong
to our women scientists.[6]
To date, more than 30,000[7] people are engaged in
scientific research in our country, and the number of
women among them has exceeded 4,000. 1,300 of
them are conducting scientific research to obtain the
degree of Doctor of Science (DSc), 1,100 of them are
pursuing the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD).
We can see the state of these statistics in the period of
2020-2021 through the following table. (Table No. 1)
Engaged
in
resesrch
Independent
researcher
DSc
Independent
researcher
PhD
Doctoral
studies
Basic
doctoral
studies
Intern
researcher
2456
110
964
80
1185
117
Completing the statistics, the status of Academician,
Doctor of Science (DSc) and Doctor of Philosophy
degrees by 2022 can be seen through this chart.[8]
(Diagram #1)
16% 271 ta
84% 1411 ta
7 ta
2022 yil
Akademik
DSc
PhD
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(ISSN
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04
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
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Servi
When we compare these statistics, a question arises.
What do such large-scale indicators indicate? Of
course, all this is the result of the state policy aimed at
ensuring the full and equal participation of women in
all spheres of our society. As the President of our
republic Sh.M. Mirziyoyev noted, "To achieve the
highest goal of pleasing our people, ensuring the legal
rights and interests of women, increasing their
economic, social and political activity has become one
of the important directions of the development
strategy of New Uzbekistan”. [9]
As we know, the government of our republic has
adopted the "National Program for the Support of
Women's Education" for 2022-2026. As a logical
continuation of these works, President Shavkat
Mirziyoyev, in his speech at the solemn ceremony
dedicated to the International Women's Day on March
8, 2022, deeply respected the women scientists who
have contributed greatly to the development of our
country with their scientific research and discoveries.
acknowledged and emphasized that the work of
supporting them in every way has reached a new level.
Similar issues are defined in the "Strategy for achieving
gender equality in the Republic of Uzbekistan until
2030" adopted in accordance with the decision of the
Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan
No. 297-IV[10] of May 28, 2021. This document, aimed
at ensuring the legal equality of women and men,
regardless of race, nationality, language, religion,
social origin, faith, personal and social status, includes
promising plans to eliminate all the problems affecting
women today.
In particular, the target indicators of the number of
women with the scientific degree of Doctor of
Philosophy (PhD) and Doctor of Science (DSc) in the
program of comprehensive measures for the
implementation of the Gender Strategy in 2021-2022
(until 2030 in the Republic of Uzbekistan target
indicators of the strategy for achieving gender
equality) are defined.
The chart below shows the development of the target
indicators of the number of women with a Doctor of
Philosophy (PhD) degree over the years. (Diagram #2)
2,021
2,022
2,025
2,027
2,030
1,411
1750
2,250
2,850
3,700
Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
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International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
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VOLUME
04
ISSUE
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OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
We can also see the targets for the number of women with a Doctor of Science (DSc) degree (Chart #2).
We hope that soon the existing problems will be
resolved and these defined plans will begin to show
practical results.
If we consider such statistical analyzes at the scale of
Jizzakh State Pedagogical University. Today, a total of
67 scientists are working at our university with their
knowledge. When we conducted an analytical study of
the scientific degrees of the master scientists, it
became clear that 6 of them have a Doctor of Science
(DSc), 40 of our scientists have a Doctor of Philosophy
(PhD) level, and one of them has a candidate of
science. In the analysis of these indicators in the
section of disciplines (Table No. 2), we can see that the
most
scientific
degree
corresponds
to
the
specialization of Philology (29 people).
Academic
degrees
Sciences
To
ta
l
C
hem
is
tr
y
Bi
o
lo
gy
Te
ch
no
lo
g
y
eng
ineer ch
em
is
tr
y
g
eo
g
ra
ph
y
A
g
ri
cul
tu
re
Ps
y
ch
o
lo
g
y
P
eda
g
o
g
y
F
il
o
lo
g
y
Hi
sto
ry
P
hi
lo
so
ph
y
So
ci
o
lo
g
y
DSc
1
3
1 1
6
PhD
6
5
2
1 1 7
17
1
40
2021
2022
2025
2027
2030
271
450
650
950
1,400
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Candidates
of science
1
3
6
9
1 1
21
Total
7
8
1
2
1 1 13 29
2 2 1
67
If we pay attention to the results of the analysis, we can
see that the scientific degrees in the field of socio-
humanities (philology, pedagogy) are high. Of course,
this is a happy situation, but this is one side of the
matter. Why is the percentage of women working in
this field less than in other fields (exact and natural
sciences, developing STEAM, IT)? Is the potential of our
women well developed only in social and humanitarian
fields?
On the contrary, during my pedagogical career, I was
convinced that most of our girls studying at school
were more active in the field of concrete and natural
sciences than some of the boys. But when it came to
the process of choosing a profession, we witnessed
that most of our girls directly and indirectly chose
social and humanitarian directions.
Research shows that one of the reasons for this is the
stereotypical factors, the views of our people that the
humanitarian field is suitable for girls. For example, in
2019, the conclusion of the research carried out by the
RB Asia organization in cooperation with the World
Bank [11] showed the results that women have a
negative impact on the development of exact sciences.
The results of the study, as I mentioned above, showed
that some girls know mathematics better than some
boys. Most of the girls among the school graduates are
very good at certain subjects, but when it comes to the
process of choosing a profession, most of them are
limited to a profession, and among those who applied
to the higher education system, they chose the social
and humanitarian field.
The most urgent problem today is to eliminate some of
the reasons that prevent our girls from engaging in
concrete and natural sciences.
In short, the rights and legal interests of women in our
country have been legally strengthened and
guaranteed on the basis of national and universal
principles. But despite such benefits and opportunities,
there are still some problematic situations. The main
reason for this is the lack of legal literacy among most
women.
It is observed that they do not know when and what
normative document was adopted, what practical
actions to take in case of violation of their rights.
In order to prevent such situations from happening
again, it is advisable to increase the number of legal
lessons in the educational system and to increase the
number of propaganda activities (surveys, briefings,
seminars, trainings) aimed at increasing legal literacy
among the general public. will be[8].
Unfortunately, there is a bitter truth, as long as an
Uzbek woman is engaged in scientific work, the same
demands are placed on her as men. However, in the
Uzbek family, in most cases, men are freed from
household chores (this situation, unfortunately, has
been absorbed into our mentality). When a woman
comes home from work, performing the same tasks as
Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
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International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
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P
AGES
:
14-21
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
a male professional, she also takes care of the services
of relatives and children, along with household chores.
Unfortunately, in today's Uzbek society, there are still
passive attitudes towards women in some cases.
Therefore, we need to approach the issue of women's
place and gender in science differently than in other
countries. The root of this problem will be solved first
of all in the family, because despite the adoption of
various legal bases by our government and the
creation of conditions, this issue will remain
problematic if the attitude towards women and their
science in our national family does not change.
Recommendations
:
- Changing the passive attitude towards women in the
family;
- Development of extended programs in kindergartens
and schools for children of people engaged in science,
as in developed countries;
- Review of working hours and days off of female
scientists today. Because in developed countries,
women are not required to sit at work from morning to
night. Basically, the result of their activity is important,
that is, the result is taken into account. Today, women
in higher education institutions of developed countries
can engage in scientific work after pedagogical
activities, that is, they can manage their free time by
themselves. (For this reason, many of our talented
women go abroad.) It is true that our mentality is a
little different, but certain conditions must be created
in this regard;
- There are hours of the day when you work with the
most intellectual labor, unfortunately, most Uzbek
women spend this time earning a living, or with the
tasks of the institutions where they are working
(learning). Unfortunately, this is a painful problem, but
this process is also important, personnel who perform
their duties on time is a very important factor in the
development of times. But on the other hand, today is
the time for changes in relations in this regard. As we
have set a great goal, the third renaissance in the
renewing Uzbekistan, we must break the thread of the
bureaucratic system and focus on the result;
- Today, we must achieve that the figure and image of
a female scientist serves as a standard for young girls
and women. For this purpose, it would be appropriate
for our government to consider prospective projects.
Also, in order to widely involve women in science, it is
necessary to widely promote the image of a highly
educated woman in educational institutions, mass
media and social networks.
- It is important to start a broad translation activity. The
reason is that many of our women have difficulty with
language due to social factors and other
circumstances. Most literature is in foreign languages.
This factor is an obstacle to increasing the professional
potential of most of our women. On the other hand,
not everyone has the same potential in language. This
is a requirement to be a true scientist, and there are
situations that require a scientist to be perfect in all
areas. Of course, we see that this is being eliminated
year by year, and the potential is increasing. But some
of our women spend most of their time learning
foreign languages in order to become a mature
specialist in their field, to popularize and continue their
work.
- In order to ensure the professional growth of talented
girls, it would be appropriate to create special schools
and higher education institutions, as in developed
foreign countries (Great Britain, USA, South Korea).
In a word, women scientists who grew up in Uzbek
families are literally the heroes of our time. As the
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International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
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doctor of history, professor Oljaeva Shahistakhon
Mamajonovna noted, the more women scientists there
are in the society, the more it flourishes, the child of a
scholar woman will literally be intellectual and moral,
they can be brought up as followers of scholar
mothers. In many cases, the family of scientists
matures as a person who serves the state and society
and can create a desirable image in the internal and
external spheres of the country [12].
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