Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
76
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
76-79
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article presents information about the Kusam Sheikh shrine located in the Koson district of the Kashkadarya
region, analyzed based on sources and scientific literature, and first of all, it focuses on the person of Kusam Sheikh
and his services to the Islamic world.
KEYWORDS
Koson district, Kusam Sheikh shrine.
INTRODUCTION
The shrine of Kusam Sheikh is situated 15 km northwest
of the city of Karshi, in the village of Pudina in the
Koson district[1]. The preacher of the Yassawi order,
one of the founders of the Naqshbandi Order and one
of the great saints, the son of Khonzada Muhammad
al-Mashhour Kurrahoja Ataya, Sheikh Qusam, who
lived at the end of the XI century (1198-1199) and the
middle of the XIV century (c. 1336-1338), is the sheikh of
the Islamic world. The activities of Sheikh Ibn
Muhammad Qusam were connected with the village of
Pudin in the Koson district of Kashkadarya region.
Despite the fact that Kusam Sheikh was born in
Turkestan in the family of Ahmed Yassawi (his great-
grandson through his daughter), he spent almost a
hundred years of his life on the territory of Pudin.
He was born to the granddaughter of Ahmad Yassavi
Hazrat Gavhar Shahnozybegim, and on his father's side
he is a descendant of the family of Hussein Sheikh
Atoya from Bukhara, that is, Khonzada Muhammad
Khoja. 5 sons are born in the family [2:4] and Kusam
Muhammad was the eldest son, he travelled with his
Research Article
QUSAM SHEIKH SHRINE (Koson district)
Submission Date:
December 20, 2024,
Accepted Date:
December 25, 2024,
Published Date:
December 30, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijhps/Volume04Issue12-13
Sanabar Djuraeva
Doctor of historical sciences, National University of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan
Fazilat Akramova
Teacher of the National University of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijhps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
77
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
76-79
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
brothers Ishaq Muhammad and Mansur Muhammad to
Arab countries studying Islamic science, but upon his
return his brothers were killed due to the Mongol
invasion. He remains to live at the burial place of the
brothers at this place in Nasaf in the village of Pudin.
One of the local patrons allocates Waqf lands to him.
This man always had a civil servant named Sevinch ota
by his side. It is worth noting that it is during the period
of the Qusam Sheikh's residence in the village of
Pudino that prosperity is observed here.
In ancient times, this place was part of the territory of
the city of Nasaf, and the city of Nasaf was considered
the center not only of Turan, but also of Muslim
countries and the main trading area of the Great Silk
Road in the IX-X centuries. There were a caravanserai,
a mosque, a madrasah, a khanaka, trading houses,
baths, rabats and guest houses. At the madrasah,
students received education in the religious and
secular spheres. The merits of Kusam Sheikh in turning
Pudina into a cultural center are stunning. Sayyid Amir
Kulol, Shamsiddin Kulol, Bahauddin Naqshband and
other scientists were educated at the school of Pudin
village.
The great poet Abdurrahman Jami in his work "Nafasat
ul-uns" wrote about Sheikh Qusam: "Muhammad
Qusam Atoyi is a Turkic sheikh, a descendant of Ahmed
Yassawi, the teacher of Bahauddin Naqshband" [4].
The thinker and poet Alisher Navoi in his work "Nasaim
ul-Mukhabbat" recognizes him as the "sheikh of
sheikhs". At the same time: Kusam Sheikh is one of the
Turkic shaykhs. He is a descendant of Khoja Ahmad
Yassawi (cas). It was only after Khoja Bahauddin Amir
Sayyid Kulol gave him permission that they joined the
service of Sheikh Qusam. They stayed in the service of
Sheikh Qusam for about three months. Finally, the
sheikh gave permission and said, "I have nine sons. You
are great and more valuable than all of them"...
—
he
wrote [5:118-119]. After Saint Sayyid Amir Kulol of Nasaf
taught Khoja Bahauddin in Bukhara, he ordered him to
go to study with Sheikh Bahauddin, the founder of the
Pudin Center [6:12]. Recognizing him as a muddaris, it
is worth noting that Qusam Sheikh founded a school of
Hadith studies in Pudin. Hazrat was called "Sheikh
Sheikhs" because of honoring of the award for his
service.
The history of the archaeological monument of the XI
century in the village of Pudina in the Kosonsky district,
associated with the name of Kusam Sheikh, is
mentioned in articles and brochures written during the
expedition by archaeologists R. Abdurasulov, L.
Rempel, L. Mankovskaya in the Soviet years.
Archaeologists have established that the oldest
mausoleums in the Qusam Sheikh architectural
monument were built in the X-XI centuries [7:30; 8:98-
99]. At the entrance to the Kusam Ota ensemble there
are three small buildings, actual resembling to gates,
through which pilgrims pass to the center of the
ensemble. The foundation of the first gate contradicts
their antiquity. The gate wall was built of bricks of the
X-XI centuries and was built mainly in the XVI-XVII
centuries. The last construction works date back to the
19th century. The second gate is smaller, surrounded
by a clay wall and consists of two rooms. From the side,
you can enter the grave of Sevinch ota. A little further
on, a mosque with a large dome was built. The
quadrangular room is covered with a wide dome, dates
from the construction no earlier than the 17th and 18th
centuries, judging by the broken bricks and the rough
shape of the vaults and arches, it was built in the late
19th-early 20th century. In this case, the new wall
extends towards the old wall in the form of a shell at
the corners. Thus, it seems that the original shape of
the room was changed intentionally. A two-sided
peshawan was built outside, and the building was
turned into a district mosque [8:74-76]. Among the
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
78
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
76-79
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
architectural monuments of Qusam Sheikh, the most
ancient is the mausoleum named aft
er Is’haq ota, and
the second mausoleum adjacent to it dates back to the
beginning of the XI-XIII centuries.
According to archaeologist L.Y. Mankovskaya, the
mausoleum on the north side of the courtyard, where
the mausoleum of Qusam Sheikh (XI-XII centuries) is
located, is also very interesting, it is connected to the
main complex by trench corridors. According to one of
the traditions, Ishaq ota was buried in one of the oldest
sagan, others said that was
–
Sogotai Khan. This
covering of the mausoleum with a rectangle in the
center is very common structure. This mausoleum,
considered one of the oldest monuments in Central
Asia, may have been built at the end of the twentieth
century. The shrine-mausoleum of the southern
complex is in harmony with it. It has three-tiered
shelves, on the walls of which lamps are placed. Its
walls are plastered with fragments of brick for the
sagana of the middle of the XIV century. This is one of
the ancient monuments, according to historical and
archaeological data, it was built in the late 11th-early
14th centuries [8:77].
The complex was not built at the same time, but during
the XI-XIX centuries [9]. In the center of the monument
is the mausoleum of Hazrat Qusam Sheikh, a shrine and
two small temples, and in front of it is a nine
–
domed
mosque. In the courtyard of the complex there is a
later mosque, as well as a well and a house [7:30]. From
the point of view of the decoration of the courtyard of
the Kusam Ota complex, it has a general resemblance
to the practical decoration of Ali Nasafi in Shahi Zinda.
This monument is one of the oldest and unique
examples of Central Asian architecture. It should be
noted that the style of the Kusam Sheikh ensemble in
Koson is characteristic of the XIV century and repeats
the architectural style of the Timurids [8:87; 10:48;]
In 1990-1995, the Qusam Sheikh complex was
renovated, and sidewalks were laid in front of the
mosque to the mausoleums of Sevinch ota, Mansur
Muhammad and Ishaq ota. In 2020, major repairs and
landscaping were carried out in the Qusam Sheikh
sanctuary and signs were installed [11].
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Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
79
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
76-79
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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