Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
10
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
P
AGES
:
10-17
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
713
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
Today Uzbekistan consistently continues the path of democratic renewal of society, radical reform of the economy
and industrial relations. The country is increasingly strengthening its position in the global community and the
international arena. The latest innovations introduced into our life, great creative efforts serve to improve the well-
being of our people. In this regard, it is difficult to imagine the scope and scale of economic reforms implemented in
recent years. In particular, measures to reform the judicial system and liberalize the criminal and criminal procedural
legislation demonstrate that our country boldly follows the path of democratic renewal and liberalization in all
parameters of modern state development.
KEYWORDS
The economy, industrial relations, global community and the international arena.
INTRODUCTION
It is due to independence that the internal affairs
bodies have become the protector and helper of our
people. A reliable guarantor of protection of peace and
order, public order and safety of citizens in our country
is carried out directly by the efforts of internal affairs
bodies. Moreover, the reforms conducted in recent
years allow to radically improve the system of law
enforcement bodies of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The
task has been set to turn the internal affairs bodies into
a socially oriented professional structure providing
timely and high-quality assistance to the population.
Each employee of the internal affairs bodies considers
it his duty to “serve the interests of his people”.
If we look at history, we see that the name, tasks and
methods of work of law enforcement structures have
changed in accordance with the political conditions of
different periods. For example, the police-myrshab
Research Article
RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF PROFESSIONAL STAFF TRAINING FOR
THE LAW ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM AT THE ACADEMY OF THE MINISTRY
OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Submission Date:
July 01, 2023,
Accepted Date:
July 05, 2023,
Published Date:
July 11, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijhps/Volume03Issue07-03
Khayitov Shukhrat Karimovich
Trainee of the Department of Master’s Degree in “Organizational and tactical management” of the Academy
of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijhps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
11
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
P
AGES
:
10-17
SJIF
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MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
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(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
713
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
system, introduced in Turkestan at the end of the XIX
century, mainly ensured public peace, public security
and the fight against crime. In addition, this div
exercised control over the movement of the local
population, preventing the emergence of people’s
liberation movements and assisting military units in
combating them.
The history of the Academy of the Ministry of Internal
Affairs, which is one of the largest law enforcement
training institutes in Central Asia, dates back to the
1930s. The institution was established in Tashkent in
1932 as a specialized secondary militia academy. And
more than 90 years it is engaged in preparation of staff
for the internal affairs bodies on the territory of the
republic. In 1958, a branch of the Moscow Higher
School at the Ministry of Public Security of the RSFSR
was established in Tashkent. In 1961, 48 cadets from
the Union republics of Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and
Kazakhstan successfully completed their distance
learning.
In those years, the need for militia officers was high not
only in Uzbekistan, but also in neighboring republics.
This necessitated the training of personnel for the
branch and improving their qualifications. On August 1,
1964, the branch was transformed into a department
of correspondence education in Tashkent. Three
departments (special sciences, law and social sciences)
and sections of Russian and foreign languages were
created at the faculty. In September of the same year
evening classes were also opened at the faculty. In a
short period of time the educational process at the
educational center was considerably revived. In those
years the faculty prepared hundreds of specialists, but
it could not fully meet the needs of the Central Asian
republics for qualified personnel.
In 1967, the Tashkent Higher Militia School of the
Ministry of Public Security of the former Soviet Union
was created on the basis of the department. In the first
academic year, 85 cadets were accepted into the
school. A year later, the school’s training and
counselling centres were launched in the cities of
Dushanbe and Ashgabat. The main attention was paid
to improving the quality of training, professional
development of the law enforcement agencies in
combating and preventing crime. The material and
technical base of the higher school continued to be
strengthened and new buildings and facilities were
built. A site for the creation of a military field training
ground in the Tashkent region was allocated and
construction work began. Soon were completed and
put into operation several buildings, dormitory,
kitchen, training ground, club, sports complex and
other objects.
In 1971, the first 32 full-time graduates graduated from
the high school. In the new school year, the number of
school admissions doubled. The continuing education
courses were transformed into a faculty. Each year
about 200 law enforcement officers were trained
there.
By the mid-1980s, the school began to offer full-time
and part-time courses, continuing education faculties,
a special faculty to train interpreters from Dari
(Persian), a faculty of firefighting and safety engineers.
In 1984, the Faculty of Fire and Safety Engineers was
withdrawn from the school. Later on the basis of the
faculty of fire protection and safety engineers the
Higher technical school of fire safety of the Ministry of
Internal Affairs was created.
After the Republic of Uzbekistan gained its
independence, there were reforms in the internal
affairs bodies. Also in many areas, the system of
training of professional personnel was radically
changed.
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
12
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
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VOLUME
03
ISSUE
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(2023:
6.
713
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
–
Initial changes in the internal affairs bodies (1991-
1998)
During the period of state independence and the
transition period, initial changes were implemented to
improve the material and technical condition of the
internal affairs bodies and to introduce a system for
training qualified national personnel. In particular, on
25 October 1991 on the basis of the decision № 270 of
the Cabinet of Ministers the Ministry of Internal Affairs
of the Uzbek SSR was reorganized into the Ministry of
Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The
decree approved the regulation and structure of the
Ministry. Later this date was designated as the day of
internal affairs officers in our country.
In accordance with these periods during 1989-1990 in
our country prevailed very difficult period associated
with the transition to a market economy. As in any
sphere, there was a lot of work, huge tasks and
problems waiting to be solved in the system of internal
affairs bodies. The number of grave crimes such as
drug addiction, religious extremism and robbery
increased as a result of illegal actions of some persons
who tried to use the situation in their own interests.
However, it is worth noting that even in all these
difficult times brave and courageous officers of law
enforcement agencies, who have fire in their hearts,
spared their lives and fought against crime. In difficult
times, they constantly showed fidelity to their duty,
enthusiasm, determination, resilience, self-sacrifice.
Here it is worth noting that in this difficult and
challenging time, the knowledge and skills that
teachers and mentors, who have served in the internal
affairs bodies for many years and have a wealth of
experience, pass on to young employees are of
particular importance.
In these times, the leadership of our country has
always paid special attention to such issues as the
training of qualified and experienced specialists of
internal affairs bodies. At the same time, there was the
issue of speedy strengthening of the material and
technical base, social support of employees, and in this
regard, the relevant reforms were carried out, which
are implemented in stages.
It’s no secret that the effect
iveness of the reforms was
primarily related to the personnel issue. That is why in
order to train qualified personnel in the internal affairs
bodies, to train morally mature personnel brought up
on the basis of a new ideology, the activities of the
educational institutions of the Interior Ministry were
radically reformed. In this regard, in 1993 the Higher
Technical School of Fire Safety, and in 1994 the
Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was
established.
In a short period of time the personnel of the Interior
Ministry was staffed with sufficiently qualified
personnel. Particular attention was paid to improving
the professional and combat skills of employees. As a
result, the crime rate in the country decreased
significantly and the crimes committed were solved in
a short time.
In addition, Uzbekistan’s membership of Interpol in
1994 allowed the country’s law enforcement agencies
to cooperate with law enforcement agencies in foreign
countries. Moreover, it allowed to use the forces and
means of partner countries in the fight against
organized crime.
–
Improvement of internal affairs agencies (1999-2016)
In order to ensure implementation of the Decree of the
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan of March 27,
2001, on the basis of a number of decrees of the
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
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International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
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VOLUME
03
ISSUE
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P
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:
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(2021:
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(2023:
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Cabinet of Ministers, new reforms in the main sectoral
services of internal affairs bodies were carried out and
their activities were further improved.
These reforms and structural transformations are
primarily designed to maintain peace and order in the
country, prevent offenses, combat all forms of crime,
ensure the sustainability and continuity of democratic
reforms carried out in our country. In short, the
reforms are aimed at implementing the principle “from
a strong state to a strong civil soc
iety”.
In order to create a comprehensive system of training
highly qualified personnel for bodies and divisions of
the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, the main objectives of the Academy were
defined:
–
the training of the composition of the top leaders
of the internal affairs bodies;
–
training of the composition of the heads of internal
affairs agencies with higher and secondary legal
education in two stages on a competitive basis
–
to study the problems of law enforcement;
–
training of scientific and scientific-pedagogical
personnel.
–
The main goal of internal affairs bodies is to serve
the interests of the people (from 2016 to the
present).
During this period, there were some shortcomings in
the process of communication with citizens. To solve
the problems of the population, protection of the
rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens,
protection of public order, timely prevention and
prevention of offenses. The results of research and
analytical work carried out in this regard have shown
that a number of serious shortcomings and problems
have accumulated in the activities of internal affairs
bodies.
Including:
–
the lack of a clear distribution of the main tasks and
functions, as well as the powers and means of the
existing organizational and state structures
between the republic, the middle and lower levels;
–
lack of communication between law enforcement
officers, including prevention inspectors, and the
public, their lack of reporting to the public, as well
as the absence of effective mechanisms for public
and parliamentary oversight of their activities,
insufficient
interaction
with
civil
society
institutions;
–
superficial approaches to appeals from individuals
and
legal
entities
have
caused
citizens’
dissatisfaction;
–
lack of systemic measures for the early prevention
of offenses, analysis, identification and elimination
of the causes and conditions of their occurrence;
–
insufficient attention is paid to the practice of
protecting
the
younger
generation
from
destructive ideas;
–
the system of retraining and advanced training of
internal affairs officers does not meet the
requirements of the time, etc.
This period represents a radical improvement of the
system on the basis of the Strategy of actions for
further development of the Republic of Uzbekistan
initiated directly by the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan Sh.M. Mirziyoyev. The internal affairs
bodies should provide timely and high-quality
professional assistance to the population. Each officer
must “serve the interests of the people” in his service.
This stage was a period of large-scale reforms aimed at
transforming the internal affairs bodies into a socially
oriented professional structure. In 2016, for the first
time in the 25-year history of independent Uzbekistan,
the law “On internal affairs bodies” was adopted,
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
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International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
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VOLUME
03
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(2023:
6.
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OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
which defined the main tasks, directions and principles
of internal affairs bodies.
As a clear priority of deepening reforms and
modernization in the country, many tasks aimed at
ensuring the rule of law and further reforming the
judicial system have been undertaken.
Over the years, the Academy has become one of the
leading higher educational institutions for training
highly qualified personnel for the law enforcement
agencies of our country. The educational process was
further improved and the educational system was
fundamentally reformed on the basis of the National
Personnel Training Program and the Law on Education.
In this regard, special importance was given to the
training of personnel capable of ensuring the peace
and tranquility of our country, faithfully serving the
homeland, quite mature, educated, physically healthy,
spiritually fresh, able to adequately deal with modern
threats.
The material and technical base of the educational
institution was further strengthened to meet the
demands of the time. New academic buildings,
classrooms,
special
rooms
for
specialized
departments, sports facilities and other objects were
built and existing ones were reconstructed. In the
educational process were introduced advanced
teaching technologies and classrooms were equipped
with the necessary equipment. Thanks to the efforts of
professors and lecturers of the Academy hundreds of
textbooks, manuals and courses of lectures have been
published not only in the field of specialization, but also
in social sciences and humanities. PhD and doctoral
dissertations on topical problems of jurisprudence and
other disciplines have been successfully defended.
Necessary measures to implement their results in the
activities of law enforcement agencies were
implemented. Prior to independence, the educational
institution employed 5 doctors of sciences and 47
candidates of sciences, and in subsequent years this
figure has increased significantly. For example, today
the Academy has 20 Doctors of Sciences and more than
50 Candidates of Sciences in nine fields of science.
As a result of consistent reforms, the system of
training, retraining and advanced training of highly
educated legal personnel for internal affairs bodies has
reached a qualitatively new level.
It is known that in today’s rapidly developing era the
issues of ensuring a peaceful and tranquil life of our
people, fighting crime and delinquency, maintaining
public order and security are important issues in our
country. Undoubtedly, one of the main directions of
the radical reform of the system of internal affairs
bodies is to improve the system of training, retraining
and advanced training of internal affairs officers.
Increasing the prestige and status of the educational
institution, strengthening the material and technical
base, improving the system of training highly qualified
personnel were set as priorities. In general,
transforming the Academy into a completely new and
modern educational institution.
In a short period of time the training of qualified,
professional and, most importantly, honest and fair
personnel for the internal affairs bodies in accordance
with the requirements of today, the introduction of
best practices in this regard. In particular, the
Presidential Decree PP-3216 (dated August 16, 2017) on
measures to radically improve the system of training,
retraining and advanced training of internal affairs
officers has further strengthened the legal framework
of the sector. This decision entrusted the Ministry of
Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan and its
educational institutions with the development of a
system of training, retraining and advanced training of
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
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03
ISSUE
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(2023:
6.
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OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
personnel in the internal affairs bodies based on the
implementation of the most important tasks in eight
priority areas. As a higher educational institution
specializing in the training, retraining and advanced
training of internal affairs officers, the Academy has
created a qualitatively new system to improve the
capacity of personnel. Distance learning was
introduced in the educational institution as one of the
first in our country.
The structure of the Academy was improved taking
into account today’s requirements. The legal status of
the persons enrolled in the higher educational
establishments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and
the persons studying on the full-time basis in the higher
educational establishments of the Ministry of Internal
Affairs - cadets, correspondence students, the
management of the faculty of professional education,
as well as the persons were sent to the training centers
and received the status of a trainee. In order to
systematically train young teachers and retrain internal
affairs officers assigned to teaching positions, a
refresher course for teachers was organized. With the
involvement of highly qualified specialists the Foreign
Languages Center was established to teach foreign
languages to professors, researchers and trainees, to
improve the qualifications of professors and teachers
in foreign educational institutions and prepare them
for internships.
In order to accelerate scientific and practical research,
systematic development of methodological and
practical manuals, recommendations, assistance to
bodies of internal affairs in detection and investigation
of especially complex crimes, which caused a
resonance in the country, the Center for Scientific and
Applied Research has been deployed. In the Academy
there is a specialization in legal sciences on “12.00.02
-
Constitutional law. Administrative Law. Financial and
Customs Law”, “12.00.08
-Criminal Law, Prevention of
Crimes. Criminology. Criminal Executive Law” and
“12.00.09
-
Criminal Process.” Ac
ademic councils for
awarding academic degrees in criminology, criminal
investigation law and forensic expertise were initiated.
The number of full-time departments was reduced
from 22 to 18 in order to increase the number of core
subjects in the educational process, the introduction of
new educational areas, and optimization of the
activities of core departments. Twenty-eight new
subjects were included in the curricula. Moreover, new
chairs and centers, including the “Department for
International Cooperation and Study of Foreign
Experience” and “Foreign Languages Center” were
created in the educational institution. In particular, the
organization of distance learning, teacher training
courses, faculty of vocational training, the center for
foreign languages, the center for scientific and applied
research, the department of international cooperation
and the study of foreign experience serves to improve
the effectiveness of training.
Another piece of news is that starting from the
academic year 2020/2021, admission to the full-time
form of education at the Academy will be limited to
graduates of the academic lyceums of the Ministry of
Internal Affairs, the military academic lyceums, and
officers of the internal affairs bodies. About a hundred
normative-legal acts on improvement of the legal base
of education, research process and material-technical
base are newly developed and approved in the
Academy.
In order to improve the system of cadets’ independent
work, a system of electronic textbooks on the subjects
taught in the Academy was launched.
Cadets from the Academy have been assigned to the
basic offices of the internal affairs agencies in all
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
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03
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
districts of Tashkent in order to organize practical field
exercises aimed at maintaining public order,
preventing offences and combating crime. In order to
effectively use the highly qualified specialists of the
practice agencies and the existing material and
technical base in the training of specialists in the
internal affairs bodies of Tashkent, 12 branches of the
specialized departments of the Academy were
created.
Since 2017, in order to consolidate the practical
knowledge and skills of cadets, to study the specifics of
the area where they will perform service in the future,
and to ensure their rapid integration into the team,
training practices are carried out. Such trainings are
conducted in the regional bodies of internal affairs. The
activities of cadet academic circles in the subjects of
the departments of the Academy of the Ministry of
Internal Affairs are systematically carried out.
Today, the educational institution pays special
attention to the in-depth study of the experience of
advanced foreign countries and cooperation with
them. For this purpose, consistent cooperation has
been established with educational institutions of
Russia, China, South Korea, Turkey, UAE, Kazakhstan
and other countries in terms of training and exchange
of experience.
In short, the process of training qualified personnel for
law enforcement structures at the Academy of the
Ministry of Internal Affairs continues on the basis of
consistent reforms. This serves to expand the ranks of
high moral, independent-minded professionals who
are able to take responsibility for the fate and
prospects of our country.
On the basis of local conditions of crime prevention
and effective fight against crime such tasks as
introduction of “territorial experience”, conducting
research works in the regions with acute criminogenic
situation, development of methodological manual on
criminological forecasting of changes in criminogenic
situation are solved.
All the reforms and news implemented in the system
can be found through the official website of the
Ministry of Internal Affairs www.iiv.uz. Up-to-date
information is constantly posted and makes it possible
to bring it to the attention of the general public.
More than 20 websites and more than 100 pages in
social networks have been introduced into the system,
which implies timely communication of the activities of
the internal affairs bodies to the public.
However, even in difficult times and critical situations
there are many selfless officers of the Interior Ministry
who have not spared their lives and have made a
worthy contribution to ensuring peace and tranquility
in the country and fighting crime. Their hard work,
courage and heroism in this regard will remain an
integral part of the history of internal affairs bodies as
a school of example for today’s and future
generations.
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Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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