Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
14
International Journal Of Law And Criminology
(ISSN
–
2771-2214)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
Pages:
14-23
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
584
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
In this article discusse about physical and sexual violence against children and gives some important information about
it.
KEYWORDS
Children, sexual violence, individual sensitivity, generation, mental and physics support, defend.
INTRODUCTION
The main goal of the current independent Uzbekistan
is to turn to a strong civil society and establish a state
based on humane democratic laws and regulations. In
order to provide comprehensive education to children
and adolescents in the spirit of universal human values,
from the first days of the independence of the Republic
of Uzbekistan, our state promoted the tasks of social,
economic and legal protection of motherhood and
childhood. This was one of the most important issues
for the society, where the young generation under the
age of 17 made up 65% of the population of
Independent Uzbekistan. The family is very important
in the formation of a child. Because human values
passed from generation to generation in the family,
family honor becomes a vital need for the child. A
strong family plays an important role in ensuring the
security and integrity of any country. Maintaining a
family requires both mental and physical support from
each of its members. For example, a person feels
protected, free and happy in a family. He feels happy
with his loved ones and their love. The development
and growth of social work is based on "the social well-
being of the state, based on this well-being, society,
neighborhood, family, first of all, is the basis for
eliminating the problems that hinder the social
protection and well-being of a person. We are not
mistaken when we say that it is a current direction. The
formation of a person is like the cultivation of a
seedling: in fact, the more the gardener gives it the
shape, the more its branches will grow. Or, on the
contrary, if he does not know the ways to grow, it is
not a matter of dying. Man is a social creature by
Research Article
PHYSICAL AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN
Submission Date:
September 08, 2023,
Accepted Date:
September 13, 2023,
Published Date:
September 18, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijlc/Volume03Issue09-04
Yuldasheva Zulfiya Rustamovna
Samarkand region DIA Senior inspector of the CIT DIA of the Samarkand district, major, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijlc
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
15
International Journal Of Law And Criminology
(ISSN
–
2771-2214)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
Pages:
14-23
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
584
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
nature. Therefore, he can develop his true nature only
in society
LITERATURE REVIEW
The real sign of progress is not the wealth or the level
of education, not the size of the city, not the
abundance of the harvest, but the image of a person
brought up in the bosom of society. Man exists in
society. he faces some serious and light problems, feels
a need for something. Failure to meet needs causes
several problems that hinder the future of human
development. One such problem is violence against
children, which has become an urgent problem of the
whole world. Violence against children does not
choose race, class, religion, culture, or any other
boundaries. This problem is less noticeable not only in
Eastern countries, but also in Western countries. Such
violence occurs in families, schools, streets,
workplaces, educational institutions, and prisons. The
perpetrators of such violence are parents, family
members, close relatives, teachers, educators, and law
enforcement officers. consists of children older than or
the same age as you. Some children may be
discriminated against because of their gender, race,
ethnicity, disability, and social status. No country,
whether rich or poor, developed or underdeveloped,
cannot survive such violence. It is certain that the
consequences of violence will be terrible. "The most
severe cases" of violence can sometimes lead to a
complete loss of life. But when it is possible to save life,
few children have to live with terrible physical and
mental injuries. It is possible that violence endangers
not only children's health, but also their ability to learn
and develop into people capable of creating a strong
family and society in the future. The consequences last
throughout their lives, affecting their development,
behavior and health. Violence against children exists in
all countries, regardless of culture, social class,
education and income level, ethnicity and does not
recognize age limits. This situation can also happen in
developed countries where human rights are
guaranteed and they have done some work on this.
The countries of the world should consider this
problem as an emergency. The reason is that children
have suffered violence at the hands of adults in a
situation that no one has seen and no one has heard of
for centuries. Infanticide, cruel and degrading
punishment, neglect and abandonment, sexual abuse
and other forms of child abuse date back to ancient
civilizations. The documents on the responsibility of
child abuse show that this is a very important and
urgent problem.
This problem occurs in all countries of the world in
different forms and forms, and often it is deeply rooted
in the cultural, economic and social rules of the
country. Despite the increasingly apparent scale of
child abuse, there are now tremendous opportunities
to move toward its elimination. Violence is not
inevitable. At the same time, our country pays more
and more attention to the parts of the human rights
protection obligations that apply to children and
implements them, and at the same time, it better
understands the widespread nature of violence and its
long-term impact on children's lives. Preventing
violence
against
children
and
reducing
its
consequences has become the main goal of our
country. In addition, our society has a great power to
protect young children from violence in reducing all
existing forms of violence, and its power to reduce the
long-term social problems and health consequences of
child abuse is also noteworthy.
DISCUSSION
Every society, regardless of its cultural, economic and
social background, must end child abuse now. This, in
turn, requires a change in the worldview of societies
and the economic and social conditions associated
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
16
International Journal Of Law And Criminology
(ISSN
–
2771-2214)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
Pages:
14-23
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
584
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
with the underlying violence. In every society, a large
number of children experience significant levels of
violence in their homes. Some forms of child abuse are
common to all settings. Corporal punishment and
other forms of cruel or humiliating punishment are
used by parents and other family members in the
home, by those responsible for child care, in
educational institutions, by teachers in schools, and at
the same time, children are punished by law. is
embedded in disagreements. In the neighborhood,
children who are labeled as ``bullies'' or ``bullies'' are
exempted from responsibility by the responsible
persons, including the irresponsible ones.
The nature and causes of violence. Family is the first
social institution for a child. It is a place where he
should always feel safe, but sometimes it is the
opposite: the family is the most dangerous place for a
child.
Violence is weak methods or psychological attacks on
weak and defenseless people (children). But violence
is also passive and threatens a child's physical and
mental health. If violence and family are the same, it is
doubly dangerous.
The origin of this phenomenon is usually traced back to
the 19th century, when society began to industrialize
and children were exploited and sent to work,
deprived of education and prospects. Then came the
first community organizations that protect children
from abuse and exploitation.
In the 20th century, new approaches to the study of
the problem of child abuse and violence appeared. The
first classifications were made. Abuse was then divided
into pediatric, psychiatric and legal.
The main causes of violence:
•
similar experience in the life of married couples
(model, stereotype of behavior),
•
personal experience in the form of suppression
during childhood, mother's authoritative parenting
style (in the future, this will manifest as violence
against women, attempts to break contact with
the mother),
•
the impact of unfavorable socio-economic
situations, unemployment, low social status,
•
dissatisfaction with oneself and one's life,
•
psychopathology
•
deviation and dependence,
•
fear
•
lack of self-esteem and lack of power due to low
self-esteem;
•
an unwanted child in the family.
The reason for the violence is undoubtedly in the
mentality of the parents. Finding this and the need to
work on it is one of the tasks of a psychotherapist
when working with a family (the work is done not only
with the child). Any aggression, violence always has a
subjective reason. Another question is that it is not
always recognized by the attacker himself.
Sometimes violence is an attempt to stabilize the
status of the family as a system, for example, in a
struggle for order or power. Then you need to work
with the family as a system and eliminate the causes of
its dysfunction. Otherwise, the violence becomes
chronic or episodic.
Child abuse as a trauma has a number of
characteristics:
•
children do not always know the essence of what
is happening,
•
if they are aware of the nature, they are not always
aware of the complications for physical and mental
health,
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
17
International Journal Of Law And Criminology
(ISSN
–
2771-2214)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
Pages:
14-23
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
584
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
•
events can be forgotten (children's brains are
designed to quickly eliminate negativity), but feel
in adulthood,
•
children are more likely (if at all) to talk about peer
violence to children than to other family members.
Types of violence. Violence can be direct or indirect,
individual or systemic, relevant or past. But more
important than others is the classification according to
the content of violence:
1. Physical abuse This is any physical violence against a
child under the age of 18, punishment options (beating,
pushing, pulling, etc.).
2. Ignoring tasks. This means not complying with
parental duties, neglecting the needs of the child,
improper care of the child.
3. Rape Using a child under the age of 18 for sexual
pleasure. Any erotic contact with or exploitation of a
child (pornography).
4. Psychological abuses. Humiliation, insults, teasing
and other models of demeaning behavior.
Sexual assault takes several forms:
•
Bad actions. Any actions by adults that cause
excitement in a child under 14 years of age and
form an inappropriate attitude towards sexual
relations. Actions can be physical (bodily) or
intellectual (displaying materials).
•
Pedophilia. Sexual abuse of a child under 14 years
of age.
•
Pornography Any form of representation of sexual
relations (books, films, magazines).
•
Forced sexual activity. The influence on the child,
not physical, but mental, gradually forces him to
engage in any kind of sex. You can violate the
status of adults, blackmail.
Child abuse is a generic term for any type of abuse. This
is the real harm to the child:
•
through insults and wrongful punishments,
•
requirements and strict control,
•
prohibitions.
Maltreatment can be physical behavior (beating),
murder, harm caused by lack of help, neglect of the
child and its needs, emotional harm, lack of protection
and care.
Signs of violence
Suspecting violence from the outside is not easy
because:
• closed family as a system
• relationship between the aggressor and the victim,
• lack of information
• Intimidation and mistrust of the victim.
Basically, all this stems from the fact that the family is
a closed system where violence prevails. But it can say
something about child abuse:
• screams, screams, screams, swearing, clearly heard
behind the wall (many apartments are separated by
thin walls and violence is not always silent)
• traces of a beating on a child,
• the appearance of the child, clothes that are not
suitable for weather conditions.
Signs of physical abuse include:
• injuries of the div and disorders of sensory organs,
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
18
International Journal Of Law And Criminology
(ISSN
–
2771-2214)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
Pages:
14-23
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
584
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
• inactivity, lethargy, delay in
physical and mental
development,
• disturbance and aggression towards other people or
animals,
• shyness, passivity, fear of adults,
• running away from home, fear of touch,
• contact with young children.
Symptoms of psychological abuse include:
• psycho
-trauma and (or) post-traumatic stress
syndrome,
• in children of secondary school age
- delay in physical
and speech development,
• in adolescents
- loss of meaning and purpose of life,
loss of direction, thoughts of suicide,
• impulsiveness, ange
r, manipulative disorders (finger
sucking, hair pulling),
• humility and gentleness,
• fears and problems related to sleep,
• depression and lethargy,
• deviations
• diseases.
Signs of child sexual abuse:
• inappropriate or strange sexual knowledge or
actions of the child,
• violence by a child against other children or adults;
• complaining of any health problems, especially in the
sexual area,
• discomfort when other children cry,
• nervous standing, groping, finger sucking.
Common signs of abuse:
• inabi
lity of the child to concentrate,
• memory impairment
• self
-loathing, low self-esteem, low self-esteem,
• hopelessness
• distrust of the whole world, especially adults
• anger and aggression
• chronic feelings of fear, shame, guilt,
• separation from soci
ety,
• depression
• anhedonia.
According to the legislation of the Russian Federation,
the child himself can apply to the guardianship
authorities for protection, and from the age of 14 - can
apply to the court, but in rare cases, any child makes
such a decision. Violence is usually accompanied by
intimidation, as well as fear and dependence on the
victim.
Each case of violence (cruelty and brutality) is assessed
individually. The individual sensitivity of the child, the
age and nature of the relationship between him and
adults are taken into account.
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
19
International Journal Of Law And Criminology
(ISSN
–
2771-2214)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
Pages:
14-23
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
584
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The most difficult thing to suspect is psychological
abuse or violence against the child's soul. This is a
versatile category:
• lack of love and attention
• threats and ridicule
• insufficient and excessive requirements,
• any behavior of parents that causes fear in the child,
• prohibitions
• psychological pressure
• Hyper Trust
• manipulations
• any reasons that harm the child's health.
Because of this, low self-esteem, self-doubt is
recorded,
self-esteem
disappears.
With
hyperprotection, a sense of helplessness and complete
dependence on parents develops. Separation from the
family, social or physical abandonment of the child
leaves a mark in the form of emotional insecurity. It is
not true that the consequences will manifest
themselves immediately, they may appear years later.
Consequences of violence. A child or teenager who has
experienced violence feels fear, confusion, shame,
powerlessness. He often blames himself and perceives
himself as the cause and accomplice of what
happened. Sometimes he sees himself as the reason
for his behavior or his position in the family. Other
consequences include reduced trust and social circles.
Many reactions depend on the age of the child:
1. Children under 3 years old. Among the popular
reactions: fear, mixed feelings, aggression, loss of
appetite.
2. Children of preschool age. Anxiety, shyness, guilt and
shame, mixed feelings, disgust and helplessness are
noted.
3. Junior school students. There is uncertainty in the
student's family role, indifference to adults, fear,
shame, disgust and mistrust of the whole world.
4. Young teenagers. Depression, emotional emptiness
is added to the previous consequences (no feelings
and emotions).
5. Adults. It is characterized by disgust, shame, guilt,
ambivalence of feelings towards adults, deviant
behavior, sense of uselessness.
Sexual violence, especially in adult life:
• psychosomatic diseases
• by not accepting your div
• Addictive behavior
• problems i
n sexual relations,
• repeated violence (men who are abused do it
themselves, women who are raped are re-victimized).
As the child grows older, there may be retaliatory
violence, loss of self-esteem, mental illness, and suicide
attempts.
Any form of adult violence leaves such traces:
• violation of self
-understanding,
• guilt
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
20
International Journal Of Law And Criminology
(ISSN
–
2771-2214)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
Pages:
14-23
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
584
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
• depression
• sexual dysfunctions
• interpersonal problems.
Violation of physical and mental boundaries as a result
of violence affects a person's future life and behavior.
And the experienced experience is repeated again and
again. In general, the family can distinguish 3 areas of
violence: parents from children, adults from adults,
family members from the elderly. And each of these
forms is dangerous for the child. If there is no direct
violence, but, for example, a mother, then the
following is possible.
• psycho
-emotional and psychosomatic diseases;
• chaos at s
chool,
• problems in social adaptation.
Families with violence are always at risk, because such
an environment is not suitable for raising a child.
Children who grow up in violence usually become
victims or aggressors themselves (95%).
Diagnosis of violence. Bullying is also difficult to
identify because parents themselves do not always
recognize their actions as violent. Yes, they raise their
children with the sticky carrot method, but this is
education. Or with the carrot and stick method, the
child takes the beating for his sin as normal and is
therefore less likely to tell anyone. Complicating the
situation is another point. In fact, any kind of violence
is psychological. Therefore, you have to work with
several types of violence at once.
Physical abuse. Diagnostic signs of abuse during
interviews with parents:
• nervous behavior
• excellently describe the origin of the child's injury,
• blaming other people or the child himself,
• several contradictions in the history of injuries,
• accuse the child of l
ying
• assessment, expectations, and demands that are
inappropriate for the child's age or developmental
level.
Finding a child in the emergency room frequently, with
similar repeated injuries, and a long time interval
between the injury and the hospital visit should raise
suspicion. The problem is that the signs of verbal and
non-verbal lies and deceit of parents can only be seen
in
the
context
of
close
observation
and
communication. Will this situation be open to all? No.
The threshold of the neighbor and the house is not
allowed. Only social workers can reach such a meeting
with parents. The task of witnesses and eyewitnesses
is to facilitate this meeting.
Diagnostic reactions during interviews with children:
• anxiety
• reluctance and fear to meet parent
s,
• confidence that the child is justified;
• social workers (lawyers) are side by side with the
parents after the interview and know that the
punishment is justified by the child's bad behavior,
• cry for any failure
• tendency to fight,
• vibrates in re
sponse to the slight movement of a
nearby hand.
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
21
International Journal Of Law And Criminology
(ISSN
–
2771-2214)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
Pages:
14-23
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
584
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Sometimes, the child invents a story about the need for
attention and affection, conflicts with friends, or
violence that can occur in an imaginary family. But then
the child's emotional and behavioral reactions
contradict the content of the story. In such cases, fear
of the parent and other signs and consequences of
violence are not recorded, but the child's pleasure in
listening to him and his interest in the story are
noticeable.
The described symptoms cannot be considered
separately from the context and family history, but
there are a number of diagnostic signs that clearly
indicate physical abuse:
• bruises, bites, burns, wounds
• compression symptoms
• any damage without a clear and correct explanation
from the parent,
• low self
-esteem of the child,
• reluctance and fear to return home,
• hid the battered clothes
• self
-blame for provocations related to rape,
• the child accepts beating as a family order and norm,
• excitement, crying, screaming, fear of quarrels.
Sexual assault. The difficulty in diagnosing sexual
abuse is that some family members may involve others,
even if the crime is known.
Teenagers take it more seriously because they
understand what happened to them. As a rule, they
change their entire lifestyle and clothes, environment.
Healthy feelings such as sympathy and empathy turn
into aggression or blind obedience (to a person, to a
cause). Classic signs are noted in children during
adolescence.
Diagnostic signs of child sexual abuse in the family
include:
• information about age
-related sexual issues,
• bruises, itching, blood in the genitals,
• sexual immorality,
• sudden changes in the child's b
ehavior,
• change in gait, discomfort when walking and sitting,
• eating disorders
• self
-loathing
• nightmares and sleep disturbances,
• suicidal tendencies and depression,
• carelessness, adaptation to adults,
• deviant behavior.
Child neglect. The most common form of bullying and
the least recognized by parents. Even in prosperous
families, elements of it can be found, for example, a
lack of affection and love in the workplace.
Therefore, this type is the most ambiguous from the
point of view of diagnosis. In the case of clear and
harmful violations, it is customary to judge neglect: the
child is hungry, poorly dressed, dirty, without medical
care or education, alone and in danger.
Lost children are characterized by discomfort in
establishing relationships and attempts to attract
attention. Other diagnostic signs include:
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
22
International Journal Of Law And Criminology
(ISSN
–
2771-2214)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
Pages:
14-23
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
584
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
• pedagogical negligence (small vocabulary, speech
problems),
• slowness in physical development,
• bad smell, dirt and hunger,
• depression, passivity and shyness,
• poverty of emotions
and reactions to love and praise
• feelings of worthlessness and confidence "I'm not
good, I don't deserve anything and I never will."
Psychological abuses. A decisive role in the diagnosis
is given to the behavior of adults. Psychological abuse
if parents:
• Do not rush to comfort the child, talk to him, hug him.
• absolutely related to the child,
• insulted, insulted, humiliated,
• characterize the child negatively,
• bring him the wrath of one of his relatives (they add
the child to him),
• open recognition of dislike,
• blame him for his failures.
Advice on psychological abuse by a child:
• uncertainty and low self
-esteem,
• speech and perception delay,
• stress fro
m waiting for punishment,
• undeveloped logical thinking,
• disrespect and distrust of adults,
• claimed maturity or independence as a defensive
reaction,
• suicidal tendencies.
Rehabilitation. Eliminating violence always requires a
psychologist to work together with parents and
children. The most effective methods:
• psychotherapy
• individual and group counseling,
• training.
When interacting with a child, you must first get to his
location and gain his trust. To do this, you can't focus
on the situation, that is, say "Don't be afraid", "Don't
worry". The main method of working with a child is a
counseling interview. But this can only be done by a
qualified specialist.
Violence is always a stressful situation for a child,
resulting in psychological trauma. Accordingly, work
should focus on addressing trauma and post-traumatic
stress disorder, if it is observed. The best way is
psychotherapy.
Prevention of violence. The main directions of
prevention: education and information. They should be
implemented for children, parents, employees of
children's institutions and all citizens in general. It
should be said:
• what violence is about
• about its types,
• what to do if you witness or are a victim of violence,
• what is liability for violence
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
23
International Journal Of Law And Criminology
(ISSN
–
2771-2214)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
Pages:
14-23
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
584
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
• where you can
report abuse (organizations,
telephones).
You should not say in the context of "how not to
become a victim of violence", because this immediately
creates a basis for self-blame. As the article says, the
victims are already inclined to look for a reason
themselves, but this is not the case.
How to identify domestic violence: the main
characteristics - FAMILY
CONCLUSION
In this article, we told you how to recognize domestic
violence: the main signs. The characteristics of
domestic violence, how to solve this problem and how
to understand that the husband is a tyrant - these are
all the answers of our material.
One of the main characteristics of domestic violence is
that it repeats itself over and over again. Repetition is
what distinguishes a simple one-time conflict from
physical, sexual, psychological repeated violence.
Women, children, elderly parents and disabled
relatives are often victims. Unfortunately, this is a
destructive social process that occurs in almost every
fourth family.
REFERENCES
1.
Bola huquqlari monitoringi. O‘quv
-uslubiy
qo‘llanma /Mas’ul muharrir A.X.Saidov. –
T.:
Inson
huquqlari
bo‘yicha
O‘zbеkiston
R
ɟ
spublikasi Milliy markazi, 2011. -B.5
2.
Дунёда болаларнинг холати // БМТнинг
махсус
сессиясидаги
маъруза,
2001
www.un.ore. www.unicef.ore
3.
https://kun.uz/uz/55136100?ysclid=lmhlrhncyr1
61619144
4.
Juvonen, J.; Graham, S. (2014). "Bullying in
Schools: The Power of Bullies and the Plight of
Victims".Annual Review of Psychology. 65:159
–
85.doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115030
(https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurevpsych01021
3115030).
5.
Аликперов Х.Д. Освобождение от уголовной
ответственности. –М.
: 2002
