International Journal Of Literature And Languages
13
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijll
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue06 2025
PAGE NO.
13-15
10.37547/ijll/Volume05Issue06-04
Anthropocentric Factors of The Formation of Uzbek
Language Metaphors
Khudoyberganova Durdona Sidikovna
Head of the Department of the Institute of Uzbek Language, Literature and Folklore of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor, Uzbekistan
Received:
11 April 2025;
Accepted:
07 May 2025;
Published:
09 June 2025
Abstract:
This article discusses the anthropocentric aspects of the acquisition of metaphorical meaning by words,
the role of associative units and stereotypes in the formation of metaphors.
Keywords:
Metaphor, metaphorical models, national-figurative thinking, stereotypes, ethnic stereotypes,
linguocultural context, linguocultural codes.
Introduction:
In world linguistics, significant work has
been done on metaphors. [See: 2] In most of these
studies, metaphors are approached in semantic,
stylistic, pragmatic, linguocultural, and cognitive
aspects. It should be noted that in recent years,
metaphors have been studied in more detail in Uzbek
linguistics. [See: 2] In particular, the study of this
phenomenon in the cognitive approach [2] played an
important role in illuminating the anthropocentric
nature of these units, which show the expressiveness
of the Uzbek language.
Metaphors of the Uzbek language occupy a special
place in our language as a system. This system reflects
the patterns of thinking of native speakers, the
uniqueness of creating a linguistic picture of the world,
cognitive,
associative,
linguocultural
and
linguopragmatic aspects of the realization of
metaphors. Metaphors, first of all, form a system of
metaphorical models in our language, which allows us
to study the linguistic activity of representatives of the
linguocultural community from an anthropocentric
point of view.
A metaphorical model is a scheme of communication
between conceptual domains existing or forming in the
minds of native speakers, which can be expressed by a
certain formula: “X –Y”.[3] Here X –
a concept in human
cognitive activity that is trying to be compared to
another concept, Y and X to is the concept being
compared. For example, the metaphorical model of the
word "sher" in the phrase "sher yigit" from this point of
view is a model in the form of "human - animal."
Metaphors in the Uzbek language mainly consist of
metaphors about man, nature and its elements,
objects, social relations, and represent various
metaphorical models.
In this article, we want to talk about the
anthropocentric factors of the formation of metaphors.
The acquisition of a figurative meaning by a certain
word is not a spontaneous process. Certain laws
operate in this case. Stereotypes play an important role
in the emergence of many metaphors in language. The
term stereotype belongs to W. Lippmann and comes
from the Greek words stereos - hard and tupos - image.
In linguoculturology, "stagnant national-cultural ideas
about objects and situations and
their forms reflected in language; the conceptual
picture of the world
part, a small mental picture." [5, 76] In their cognitive
activity, native speakers often use ethnic stereotypes
to express one concept through another. This can be
seen in the example of the formation of metaphorical
meanings of the word cold. This metaphor is formed in
the metaphorical model of a natural sign - a
characteristic of a person, and is used in the sense of
"unpleasant." For example: A cold person's behavior is
cold. Proverb. His father, who worked as the farm
manager, was an alcoholic with a cold face. A. Rahim,
Moonlit Nights
In Uzbek linguoculture, the word issiq is associated with
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
14
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijll
International Journal Of Literature And Languages (ISSN: 2771-2834)
positive concepts, and the word cold is associated with
negative concepts. The expressions used in our
language: қора совуқ, совуқ урмоқ, совуғи ошмоқ,
совуқ уруш, совуқ дийдор, нафаси совуқ express
negative situations and negative phenomena. The
sememe of the word "cold" with the meaning
"unpleasant" is based on the notions of the speakers of
the language about the unpleasant, unpleasant effect
of cold weather on a person. In this case, the influence
of cold temperature in the cognitive activity of the
person creating the metaphor, as well as the
appearance and behavior of an unpleasant person on
the psyche of the person, is compared with each other,
and the sign of coldness is attributed to the person. In
the Uzbek language, the use of the word "sovuq" (cold)
in the phrases "turqi sovuq" and "so'xtasi sovuq" in
relation to people with an unpleasant appearance also
confirms this idea.
Another metaphorical meaning of the word cold
consists of the semes "unpleasant, unpleasant." For
example: Babur felt cold as if he had foreseen the cold
news. P. Qodirov, Starry Nights. Unfortunately, I didn't
know that something even colder than eternal glaciers
awaited me ahead. A. Rahim, Moonlit Nights. The
process of formation of this metaphor is the same as
the process of formation of the above metaphor and is
based on ideas about the unpleasant effect of cold air
on a person.
The word "sovuq" has another sememe meaning
"rough, coarse." For example: Cold words freeze the
heart. Proverb. Leaving the harem, Babur said:
"Alright, my lord," he said in a cold tone: "God willing,
when we meet in your city, we will continue these
talks." P. Qodirov, Starry Nights. In Uzbek
linguoculture, rude, coarse treatment and attitude are
also associated with the concept of cold. This Warm
word is sugar, Cold word is poison; A cold person's word
is cold; A cold word that enters through the ear is
reflected in proverbs like "Going to the heart, it turns
to ice." All three metaphors, formed on the basis of the
word "cold," are connected with the pragmastylistic
goal of native speakers to create expressiveness, and
these words have a negative connotation in their
figurative meaning and have transitioned into the
system of emotional-expressive words. The word
"cold" in all three metaphorical meanings belongs to
the group of linguocultural codes of characteristics.
The word "qora" is the word most often used in Uzbek
linguoculture in symbolic meanings. This word,
denoting color, when used metaphorically, means
"negative, having a negative sign." For example: Who
made the younger brother an enemy of the older
brother? Who are those who, stingy with the good, are
striking at their feet with an axe? Who brought these
dark days upon us?! P. Qodirov, Starry Nights. From evil
intentions and malicious words, We protect from evil
eyes. My heart is an amulet in my chest, In this amulet
lies your blessed name. You are a mother, sacred
Homeland! You are the only one, sacred Homeland! I.
Mirzo, You Are the Only One.
The use of the word "black" in negative figurative
meanings is related to its darkness, the color of gloom.
In Uzbek linguoculture, darkness is a symbol of negative
forces. The word "black" expresses negative concepts
in the phrases ичи қора, юзи қора, қора курси, қора
киймоқ, юзига қора чапламоқ; The black one is not
white, The corrupt one is incorrigible; The blackness of
the face is not shameful, The blackness of the face is
shameful; Qora ko'ngil - wounded heart; A bad friend is
also reflected in the proverbs "shadow of a dark cloud."
The metaphor formed on the basis of the word "qora"
is connected with the pragmastylistic goal of native
speakers to create expressiveness, and this word has a
negative connotation in its figurative meaning and has
entered the system of emotional-expressive words.
With this metaphorical meaning, the word "qora" is
included in the group of linguocultural codes of
characteristics.
One of the lexical units with a metaphorical meaning in
the Uzbek language is the word ўтли. This word means
"hot, hot" in a metaphorical sense. [4, 641] Consider
these examples: As she read these lines, Zuhra Begum
felt the fiery breath of a strong man on her face. P.
Qodirov, Starry Nights. He left behind a robe, a skullcap,
a belt, and a photograph. And a fiery kiss remained on
his face. Sh.H.Ismat, Inoyat.
The main meaning of the word o'tli consists of the
sememe "light-scattering." This word creates
associations of signs such as hot, high temperature in
native speakers. These signs were taken as the basis for
the formation of this meaning of the metaphor of fire.
Another metaphorical meaning of the word o'tli is the
sememe "passionate, full of emotions." For example:
Don't gossip about the young man, Don't embarrass the
girl either. May such fiery love Honor you too. M.Yusuf,
Let It Go... With this fiery excitement that entered my
heart at that time, I fell in love with the name Omon
Matjon and found and read all the poet's books "Times
to Talk," "Swan's Cry," "I Love You..." S. Mehmon,
Navoiy, and Omon Matjon.
Associations such as yonmoq, kuymoq, formed by
means of the word o't, which is the basis for the
formation of the word o'tli, also played a certain role in
the emergence of this meaning. In Uzbek linguoculture,
passionate, intense emotions are often expressed by
the word ўт. For example, like the fire of love, the fire
of separation. A lover feels the "burning," "scorching"
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
15
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijll
International Journal Of Literature And Languages (ISSN: 2771-2834)
heat of this fire in their psyche. The fiery metaphor in
the combinations of fiery love, fiery excitement is also
connected with these ideas and arose according to the
pragmastylistic goal of the speakers of the language,
which is to create expressiveness. The wo
rd ўтли with
both metaphorical meanings belongs to the group of
linguocultural codes of characteristics, and also
occupies an emotional-expressive lexical layer.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, it can be said that any lexical unit that
acquires a metaphorical meaning becomes a
linguocultural code of the language to which it belongs,
and
consequently,
a
linguistic
wealth
that
demonstrates its attractiveness. Stereotypes are one of
the important factors determining the nature of
metaphors, its cognitive and linguistic models, the
stable ideas of native speakers about the elements of
reality over the centuries and the conclusions that
arose as a result of these ideas.
At the heart of the formation of metaphors, along with
certain linguistic regularities, there are also non-
linguistic regularities closely related to the intellectual,
creative potential and linguocultural context of the
language community. To identify them, it is necessary
to approach metaphors from an anthropocentric point
of view. The integrative study of the system of
metaphors from the point of view of such fields as
cognitive linguistics, linguoculturology, associative
linguistics, psycholinguistics is important in the deep
illumination of the "grammar of thinking" of native
speakers of the Uzbek language and in revealing the
secrets of the linguistic attractiveness inherent in the
metaphors of our language.
REFERENCES
Лакофф Дж., Джонсон М. Метафоры, которыми мы
живем: Пер. с англ. / Под ред. и.с предисл. А. Н.
Баранова. —
М.: Едиториал УРСС, 2004.
Махмараимова Ш. Оламнинг миллий
-
лисоний
тасвирида теоморфик метафоранинг когнитив
аспекти: Филол.фан.бўйича фалсафа д
-
ри (PhD)
автореф. –
Қарши, 2018; Shu muallif. Ўзбек тили
метафораларининг
антропоцентрик
тадқиқи
(номинатив аспект): Филол.фан.д
-
ри дис. –
Қарши,
2020.
Чудинов
А.П.
Политическая
лингвистика.
–
М.:Флинта,
Наука,
2012./
https://studfile.net/preview/9107652/.Murojaat
sanasi: 2024-yil 20- may,15:00.
O‘zbek tilining izohli lug‘ati. 6 jildli. III
-IV jildlar.
–
A.Madvaliyev, D.Xudoyberganova tahriri ostida.
–
Toshkent: G‘afur G‘ulom nomidagi nashriyot
- matbaa
ijodiy uyi, 2022.
Xudoyberganova
D.
Zamonaviy
tilshunoslik
terminlarining izohli lug‘ati –
Toshkent: Bookmany
print, 2024.
