International Journal Of Literature And Languages
55
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijll
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue06 2025
PAGE NO.
55-57
10.37547/ijll/Volume05Issue06-17
Morphological Characteristics of Lexical Units Used In
The Speech Of English And Uzbek Soldiers
Kenjaeva Zukhra Taxirovna
English teacher at the Academy of Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Received:
12 April 2025;
Accepted:
08 May 2025;
Published:
17 June 2025
Abstract:
This article highlights the significance of the morphological method in the deep and comprehensive
comparative-typological analysis of linguistic units in the speech of military personnel. The study analyzes the
application of affixation
—
particularly prefixation and suffixation models
—
in the morphological word formation
process of lexical units that shape military speech.
Keywords: -
Military speech, affixation, suffixation, prefixation, tracing method.
Introduction:
The morphological method plays a crucial
role in the deep and comprehensive comparative-
typological analysis of the speech formation process
and the linguistic units that constitute the speech of
English and Uzbek military personnel. This method is of
great importance in identifying the structure and
formation mechanisms of lexical units and other
linguistic elements used in military discourse in both
languages, particularly in written texts. From this
perspective, morphological analysis provides a
foundation for thoroughly studying military speech
units in terms of both form and meaning, and it serves
to reveal their productivity and functional diversity.
LITERATURE REVIEW
It is well known that morphology, as a branch of
grammar, studies the structure, internal composition,
function, and system of morphemes as the smallest
units of language. The term “morphology” originates
from the Greek words morphe (form) and logos
(study/science). It was first introduced by the German
writer J.W. Goethe in the 19th century. The 16th
–
17th
centuries are considered a crucial period in the
development of the English language, as this era
marked the early stages of research in grammar and
lexicography during the Renaissance.
It should be particularly emphasized that the
morphological method plays an invaluable role in the
formation of the speech of English and Uzbek military
personnel, as well as in the deep and comprehensive
comparative-typological study of the linguistic units
that make up their speech. In this sense, it can be said
that the morphological method holds special
significance and proves to be highly productive in the
formation of words and all types of linguistic units used
in the speech and written texts of English and Uzbek
military personnel.
METHODS AND RESULTS
The morphological word-formation method of lexical
units shaping military speech encompasses affixation
techniques, including prefixation, suffixation, and
infixation. It has been determined that the use of the
suffix -chi is particularly productive when translating
lexical items related to military ranks, roles, positions,
and statuses from English military speech into Uzbek.
In Uzbek military lexis, the suffix -chi is widely used to
denote individuals engaged in various roles. For
example:
1.
It is used to indicate a person involved in
specific activities within the military system: artillerist
–
to‘p+chi –
zambarak+chi, kamon+chi, nayza+chi.
2.
The suffix -chi is added to a root to indicate
military personnel operating or serving with specific
military
equipment:
tank+chi,
mototsikl+chi,
avtomobilist
–
avtomashina+chi.
3.
It refers to individuals performing specific
military duties or serving in specific units: otuv+chi
–
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
56
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International Journal Of Literature And Languages (ISSN: 2771-2834)
aloqa+chi, o‘qlov+chi –
razved+chik, qiruv+chi
–
bombardimon+chi, jang+chi
–
shturm+chi [1, p.30].
These examples show that the formation of certain
military lexical units in Uzbek with the -chi suffix is
typically based on verbs or action-related words,
resulting in many terms for individuals involved in
military activities.
The lexical-semantic relations of English military terms
used in military speech are important for classifying
thematic groups. For instance:
1.
Lexical borrowings related to military weapons
and engineering structures are typically translated into
Uzbek through calquing, as Uzbek military terminology
often lacks equivalents for modern weaponry.
Examples include: artillery (artilleriya), bomb (bomba),
camouflage (kamuflyaj), dirigible (dirijabl), depot
(depo), etc.
2.
Terms
related
to
military
operations,
commands, and specific positions are expressed in
Uzbek by adding suffixes such as -lik, -moq, -ish, and -
ash:
bombard (bombardimon qilmoq), block (to‘sqinlik),
conquer (bosib olmoq), discharge (o‘q uzish), escort
(qo‘riqlash), force (qiynash), and so on.
3.
Some English terms related to military units are
translated into Uzbek by adding auxiliary lexemes like
xona, goh, bo‘lim, joy, or similar:
division (diviziya bo‘lim), depot (omborxona), corps
(korpus, harbiy qo‘shin), base (harbiy baza), terrain
(joy), armoury (omborxona, qurol-aslaha), etc.
In addition, conversion plays a significant role in the
formation of military lexical units in English, while such
a method does not exist in Uzbek. Instead, word
formation in Uzbek primarily relies on morphological
methods.
Military terms formed through suffixation. Many
military terms in English are formed using suffixes such
as: -ant: sergeant
–
“serjant”
In the following sentence, the word sergeant formed
with the suffix -ant refers to a lower-ranking officer in
the armed forces, air force, or police:
–
The sergeants, smartly dressed, are at the
gangway handing the passengers up the side, and
hurrying the men. (Dickens, Going Away from American
Notes)
Other suffixes include: -ar: motar
–
zambarak, -ee:
promotee
–
someone who has received a promotion, -
ion: orientation, mission, -ry: rocketry, -or: monitor
–
officer overseeing combat application, -er: muster
–
to
register for service, cooler
–
prison, armorer
–
weapons
specialist, -ee: inductee
–
a person drafted into military
service, nominee
–
nominee, -ier: nullifier
–
anti-
weapon specialist, -eer: cannoneer
–
artilleryman,
gunner, -ant: occupant
–
soldier of occupying forces, -
ence: occurrence
–
training activity, -or: repeater
–
retransmission device, -ment: replenishment
–
resupply.
Suffix -ment is especially common in modern English
for forming nouns from verb roots: punish
–
punishment, invest
–
investment, besiege
–
besiegement, enlist
–
enlistment. Such nouns usually
indicate a specific object or situation:
entrenchment, equipment,
complement. Other
examples
include:
enlistment,
entrenchment,
replacement [2, p.379].
Prefixes in English Military Verbs. Prefixes that actively
combine with verbs in English military terminology
include: -pre: pretest
–
initial test, counter:
counterattack
–
launch a counterattack, de: deflect
–
deflect a weapon, dis: discipline
–
establish discipline,
em: embark
–
load, en: enrank
–
line up, enroll
–
register, out: outrun
–
overtake, outpost
–
guard post,
outfight
–
win a battle, over: overlap
–
breach, under:
underarmed
–
insufficiently armed, undermanaged
–
poorly managed
These elements demonstrate the richness and
complexity of morphological formation in English
military terminology, highlighting how affixation and
word-formation patterns differ from those in Uzbek.
DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSION
This is a highly insightful and linguistically rich analysis
of how military terminology is morphologically
constructed and adapted in both English and Uzbek.
The emphasis on affixation (especially the productive -
chi suffix in Uzbek) and the translation strategies using
calque, suffixation, and prefixation effectively
demonstrates the dynamics of military lexicon
formation. The Uzbek suffix -chi is a flexible and highly
productive tool for creating military-related nouns,
which reflects a strong morphological adaptability in
the language. Due to technological and tactical gaps in
historical Uzbek military terminology, borrowing via
calquing from English ensures conceptual clarity and
terminological
modernization.
English
utilizes
conversion (verb → noun without changing form),
which Uzbek lacks, but morphological derivation fills
this
gap
effectively,
maintaining
functional
equivalency. English often favors compounding and
conversion for terminological economy, while Uzbek
leans on derivational affixes, reflecting deeper
morphological structuring needs.
This kind of comparative linguistic study is not only
academically valuable but also practically significant for
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
57
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International Journal Of Literature And Languages (ISSN: 2771-2834)
translators, military educators, and lexicographers
working between these two languages.
The morphological method allows for the classification
of military duties, the individuals performing those
duties, or the related objects through the creation of
new terms. Moreover, military terminological systems
possess a specific level of systematic organization,
which is regulated based on the morphological rules of
the language. Additionally, when translating military
lexical units between English and Uzbek, morphological
similarities facilitate the process. In conclusion, it can
be said that the morphological formation of lexical
units in military speech reflects the unique grammatical
rules of each language.
REFERENCES
Дадабоев Ҳ. Военная лексика староузбекского
языка:
Автореф.дисс.
...
канд.филол.наук.–
Тошкент., 1981.
Нелюбин Л. Л. Учебник военного перевода:
английский язык. –
М.: Воениздат, 1981. –
С. 379.
Dickens. Ch. Going away from American notes.
–
London: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
–
P. 19.
