Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
29
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
29-35
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
It has been proven that various languages express different emotions even though they might be translated the same
word in the same way. Nowadays, more than ever we are living in a world where the distance between time and space
has been made shortened due to the frequent breakthrough in technology. However, due to the fact that we find
ourselves working around the globe and encountering with variety of cultures, we face some cross-cultural issues.
Moreover, language is not a unique problem which we may face in that situation, but there are certain barriers within
the translation and our understanding of the language that play no small part in communication. Thus, the translation
work is accepted as an art because of facing challenges during the process and at the same time an honorable job.
KEYWORDS
Translation, Lexical problems, Syntactic problems, Semantic problems, Stylistic problems, translation issues.
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, some types of linguistic problems,
which appear during the process of translation, are
going to be mentioned. It is a complicated process
which comes across with great deal of problems and
difficulties. So that, the closest natural equivalent of
the source-language message should be found in
target language, first in meaning and secondly in
Research Article
LINGUISTIC ISSUES IN TRANSLATION
Submission Date:
February 13, 2023,
Accepted Date:
February 18, 2023,
Published Date:
February 23, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijll/Volume03Issue02-07
Kudratova Sitora Rashidovna
BSMI, The Teacher Of English Language Department, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijll
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
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VOLUME
03
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02
Pages:
29-35
SJIF
I
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
style."
1
Due to that, through ages more and more
people may have been unwillingly to carry out
translation. Nevertheless, because of the development
of humanity and globalization, the importance of
translation is increasing and it has been practicing all
over ages around the globe. As it has been mentioned
by Nida in 2000 -
“since, no two languages are identical,
either in the meanings given to corresponding symbols
or in the ways in which such symbols are arranged in
phrases and sentences, translation, which aims at
conveying a message from the SL into the TL, is often
accompanied by many linguistic problems: lexical,
syntactic, semantic and
stylistic”.
Let’s deal with linguistic problems which are
aforementioned.
Lexical problems. Following problems are the most
common lexical issues encountered by translators.
First of all, the lexical correspondence of the words
between two languages divided into three parts: a)
Complete correspondence
–
this type of issue rarely
found in translation and it has three groups which are
proper names and geographical denominations; the
months and days of the week, numerals; scientific and
technical terms (with the exception of terminological
polysemy). b) Partial correspondence
–
it occurs when
there is a converting process of lexical units, which
means the original word contains several equivalents
or translation in the target language. Here are some
reasons which are the byproduct of that problem: if
there is polysemantic word; if there is specific order of
synonymous; if word affects the meaning of an object
it designates which refers to that equivalents is not
1
Nida, E.A.. &Taber, C. R. (1969)
The theory and practice of
translation
. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
always identical to having the same meaning. c) The
absence of correspondents
–
which means lack of
certain syntactic construction in the target language
that were used in source language.
Secondly, that is choosing wrong word or lexis.
Interpreters do such kind of mistake when they select
semantically wrong word or phrase. Another similar
error done by translators is in collocation which cannot
be translated through word-to-word method, but they
should pay attention to the meaning of the words in
context.
Thirdly, it is omission. In translation process omission is
accepted as the correct way of converting text,
however, sometimes interpreters exaggerate it. They
omit some necessary word in the sentence or word in
phraseological units which bring to weird translation.
Last but not least type of problem in lexemes is the use
of redundant pronouns. Similar to previous mistake
which is omission, using unnecessary pronouns during
the translation of providing text effect the textual
features of the target text.
Syntactic problems
Since there are many differences among languages
that pose a great deal of syntactic issues while
translating the text from given language into target
one. Nevertheless, if the languages belong to the same
language family, such as English and German
(belonging to the Germanic branch of the Indo-
European family) or Arabic and Hebrew (belonging to
the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family), fewer
syntactic problems are likely to be faced. As for English
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
31
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
29-35
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
and Uzbek languages which belong to two different
language families, more syntactic problems are likely
to be encountered. Followings are some of the
syntactical issues.
First, tenses. It is clear that in English there are 3 tenses
and 4 aspects, they are present, past, future and
simple, continuous, perfect and perfect continuous,
while in Uzbek language there are only three tenses
which are present, past and future. As it is obvious that,
in both languages the ways of expressing location in
time differ from each other. Thus, these varieties in
tenses and their aspects reveal many problems in
translation.
Second type of mistake is word order which may cause
big problem for translators. As every language possess
a special or strict word order that is difficult to change.
So that, through translating many texts interpreters
can make themselves familiar with the parts of speech
(nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions,
conjunctions and interjections) and how they are used.
Semantic problems
One of the semantic problems is homonymy.
Homonymy is a semantic phenomenon which refers to
“lexical items that have the same form but differ in
meaning. They have completely different notions”
(Crystal)
2
. For example: book
–
a) noun, a written
work that is published, either as printed pages inside a
cover or electronically; b) verb, to buy tickets, or to
arrange to have or use something at a particular time
in the future (Macmillan dictionary). Another one is
polysemantic issue. Polysemy is another type of
"lexical item which has a range of different meanings,
2
Crystal, David (1980). A First Dictionary of Linguistics and
Phonetics. Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd.
but those meanings relate with other" (Crystal). For
example: wood
–
a) noun, the substance that forms the
main part of a tree and is used for making things such
as furniture; b) noun, a small forest (Macmillan
dictionary). And the last is to gain little knowledge on
Semantic change. This term refers to the historical
changes that occur to a word because of the ways of
individual’s thinking and behavior which have been
changing throughout the ages. Thus, translators face
with that problem too frequent. There are four types
of semantic changes: generalization, specification,
melioration and pejoration.
Stylistic problems
There following types of stylistic issues encountered by
interpreters during the translation problems, they are
clarity, ellipsis, redundancy and extraposition.
As it is said that style takes the most vital part in
translation activity and cause many problems. Thus,
much attention paid to the contextual meaning of the
words. However, even though it is important, style is
often rejected by interpreters, especially in literary and
religious texts. Style is the way of delivering the
message and expression of the speakers and writers. It
can be vividly seen in the suggestion of Abrams where
he gave a clear reference to the style: “the
characteristic style of a writer may be analyzed in terms
of its diction, or choice of words; its sentence structure
and syntax; the density and types of its figurative
language; the patterns of its rhythm, component
sounds; … and its rhetorical aims and devices”
Ellipsis, which is known in
simple word “omission”,
poses a specific stylistic issue in translation. As-Samirai
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
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(ISSN
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VOLUME
03
I
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02
Pages:
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SJIF
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(2021:
5.
705
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(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
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)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
(2006) mentioned that Ellipsis refers to omitting some
part of sentence which can be understood either from
the surrounding words or the context itself, due to
avoiding repetitions. Sometimes translators might face
with incomplete text which they should know the
missing part or restructure the source text, there
ellipsis may bring some problems to translators and
this always makes complicated the task of translators.
Clearness is another important problem which gives
guarantee for pure translation if interpreters reach this
level. In order to achieve clarity, translators should
avoid doubtfulness and dilemma on the meaning of the
word or expression while translating. Converted text
should be simple that is easily heard or listened to and
understood. Nevertheless, simplicity cannot be
accomplished on colloquial expressions, vulgar words
or expressions on the pretext which could be easily
caught by individuals. In fact, "the principal objective in
style should be toward dignity and simplicity. The
combination of the two is the highest" (Nida)
3
.
The opposite issue to the ellipsis is the redundancy that
refers to the usage of the words repeatedly. It may also
represent the words which do not give extra
information but used as cohesive devices that have
already conveyed. Redundancy in translation should be
taken into consideration, as repetition will always
make speech sound eerie and unclear. The last stylistic
problem in translation process is extraposition. Crystal
defines it as “the process or result of moving an
element from its normal position to a position at or
near the end of the sentence, for example “that the
boy came in late upset the teacher”, compared with “it
upset the
teacher that the boy came in late”. If we
analyses these, in the former sentence the boy upset
3
Nida, Eugene A. (1964). Towards a Science of Translating
Leiden: E.J. Brill.
the teacher, however, in the second one, the situation,
which the boy came late, makes teacher upset. So, the
problems counted above are much faced by the
translators during the translation act, however those
are not all. There many issues where interpreters might
encounter. Next chapters are given in-depth analyses
about different problems in translation and clear
explanation reveling through examples.
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