Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Все физиологические и агрономические исследования имеют конечной целью познание сложнейших механизмов и законов роста и развития растений с тем, чтобы на основе этих знаний уметь создавать наиболее благоприятные условия роста, развития и продукционного процесса растений. Анализ современного состояния теории и практики применения различных регуляторов роста позволяет отметить широкое их применение в сельском хозяйстве. Всё больше внимание уделяется получению регуляторов роста растений, ключевым компонентом в которых является салициловая кислота, оказывающее значительное влияние на иммунитет растений. Считается, что салициловая кислота является мощное сигнальное соединение, участвующая в защитных механизмах, регулируя физиологические и биохимические реакциях в растениях, и оказывая влияние на толерантность к биотическим и абиотическим стрессовым факторам (Young; Kalachova and et al., 2016; Karima Boulahia and et al., 2023). Hannes Lefevere and et al., 2020, также считают, что салициловая кислота является важным активатором и оказывает опосредованное действие хозяина- растения запускает механизм против микроорганизма патогена.

С развитием современного производства, с его масштабностью и темпами роста все большую актуальность приобретают проблемы разработки и внедрения безотходных технологий. Скорейшее их решение в Республике Узбекистан и в ряде развитых стран рассматривается как стратегическое направление рационального использования природных ресурсов и охраны окружающей среды.

The research purpose: evaluation of molecular mechanisms of the clinical course of chronic viral hepatitis C, taking into account the prognostic significance of the polymorphism of cytokines and genes responsible for the biotransformation system of xenobiotics in representatives of the Uzbek population.
Scientific novelty' of research.
the complex study of the genetic polymorphism 308G>A of the TNF-a gene, 49A>G of the CTLA-4 gene, as well as the 164A>C gene of the CYP1A2, 1295OC gene CYP2E1, 430OT gene CYP2C9=*2, 1075A>C gene CYP2C9*3 and 392A> G of CYP3A4 cytochrome P450 gene in patients with chronic hepatitis C and liver cirrhosis in Uzbekistan and their role in pathogenesis of the disease was revealed;
the analysis of the distribution of alleles and genotypes of cytokines and isoenzymes of cytochrome P450 among Uzbeks of Uzbekistan is conducted for the first time, and characteristic differences in comparison with healthy individuals are shown;
the relationship between the polymorphism of the studied genes and the indices of cytolysis, cholestasis and inflammation syndromes characterizing the severity of the course of chronic hepatitis C has been analyzed for the first time;
the association of allelic variants of cytokine genes with the progression of CVHC in cirrhosis of the liver has been shown for the first time, which can be used to develop prognostic criteria for isolating the risk group of infected individuals for the progression of the CVHC course. Determination of the genetic profile, allowing to predict the course of CVHC and assess the risk of formation of liver cirrhosis, which is important for the choice of tactics of patients. The revealed associations broaden the understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of CVHC.

Ушбу мақолада кўмир кукунларидан сифатли ва ёнувчан брикетлар олиш учун органик бириктирувчилардан фойдаланиш усуллари келтирилган.

Поскольку почвенная экологическая среда сложна, внесение удобрений, и дальнейшее их быстрое растворение, а также распространение в пахотном слое может привести к изменениям в устойчивых почвенных микроценозах.

Topicality and relevance of the theme of the dissertation. One of the urgent tasks of bioorganic chemistry, cell biology and pharmacology is the identification of novel compounds having antitumor property and other biological mechanisms. For many years in the republic’s scientific laboratories systematic research conducted on the isolation and synthesis of various classes of compounds and the study of their pharmacological activity, some of the compounds tested on various biological activities such as anti-arrhythmic, cholinesterase, estrogenic and anti-inflammatory, however their cytotoxic activity has not be studied.
Screening of cytotoxic activity of chemical compounds, pharmaceuticals, in vitro medical devices on different cell cultures is an integral part of pre-clinical studies according to international standards GLP (Good Laboratory Practice). Methods of in vitro studies allow significantly reducing the cost and reducing the time of the preliminary study of new chemical compounds.
Such problems as the differentiation, tumorigenesis, cell motility, proliferation, transfer of genetic information, regulation of gene expression and others settled in the world of science, mainly with the use of cell cultures. Cell cultures are also of great importance for the solution of applied problems of medicine and agriculture. In particular, the main problems of application should include the massive industrial production of vaccines and physiologically active compounds, the preparation of monoclonal antibodies by hybridoma technology, and the treatment of serious diseases using gene therapy and cell replacement therapy.
In connection with the above identification of compounds which inhibit the growth of tumor cells with low toxicity for normal cells and substances of proliferating the growth of normal cells, but not the cancerous for regenerative medicine, as well as preparation of hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies to erythropoietin is relevant.
This research work to a certain degree corresponds to the tasks provided in the Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated November 28, 2011 № PP-1652 "On measures to further deepen the reform of the health system" and the Cabinet of Ministers of March 29, 2012 № 91 "on measures to further strengthen the material-technical base and improvement of the organization of medical institutions," and other legal documents.
The aims of the research work arc finding the cytostatic compounds -inhibitors of growth of cancer cells with low toxicity for normal cells and compounds accelerating the growth of normal cells without the growth of cancerous cells, and obtaining of hybrid cells (hybridomas) producing monoclonal antibodies to recombinant erythropoietin.
Scientific novelty of the dissertation work is that the first time:
new pharmacological activity of a number of compounds and extracts is identified;
It proved that extracts - from the genus Convolvulus, Vinca major plant and Arundo donax, and endophyte fungi, parasites of the plants of genus Vinca have selective cytotoxic activity on tumor cell cultures;
revealed a selective inhibitor of growth of larynx cancer cells - N-bcnzyl convolvin - derivative of alkaloid convolvin, which isolated from active extract of plants of the genus Convolvulus, docs not inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells, cervical and normal cells;
identified selective inhibitors of growth of cancer cells - n-Cl-phcnylacetic acid, n-Cl-phenoxyacctic acid and iodmcthylat of phenylhydrazonc of norfluorokurarin;
It found that chlorinated alkaloids including derivatives of convolvin and vinkanin, exhibit high cytotoxic activity on cancer cell cultures at a level of the drug Cisplatin;
a method of producing cultures of mesenchymal cells;
It proved that ecdystcronc increases proliferation of normal skin cells -fibroblasts and kcratinocytes, and not increases proliferation of cells of larynx cancer, breast cancer and cervical cancer;
It found that used allofibroblasts together with ecdystcrone increases proliferation autocpidcrmocyts and cpithclialization tissue, which can be used in the treatment of burn wounds;
received hybridoma - producers of monoclonal antibodies to recombinant erythropoietin.
CONCLUSIONS
1. The cytotoxic activity of the genus Vinca plants extracts and fungi endophytes, parasitic on the genus Vinca plants, on the larynx cancer cells cultures - HEp-2, cervical cancer - HcLa, breast cancer - HBL-100 and normal cells fibroblasts, hepatocytes was studied. It established that the extracts of both plants and fungi possess cytotoxic activity. The extract from roots of Vinca major shows greater specificity for HeLa cells, and extract the fungi endophytes Alternaria sp parasitic on Vinca erecta leaves has greater specificity for HBL-100 cells and with low cytotoxicity for normal cells.
2. The cytotoxic activity of total alkaloids fractions from genus Convolvulus, Arundo and Buxus plants was studied. It has been established that alkaloids from aerial parts of Convolvulus krauseanus inhibit the growth of HEp-2 cells, and Arundo donax roots alkaloids inhibit HEp-2 and HcLa cells growth, with low toxicity to fibroblasts.
3. The cytotoxic activity of tropanc alkaloids from genus of Convolvulus and their derivatives was studied. It established that cytotoxic activity depends on the nature of a radical at nitrogen atom of tropanc residue. N-bcnzyl convolvin had the highest specificity, inhibits the growth of HEp-2 cells (IC50 = 12.3 mM/1) with low toxicity for fibroblasts cells (ICso= 32.8 mM/1).
4 The cytotoxic activity of Vinca erecta alkaloid - norfluorocurarin and its synthetic derivatives was studied. It established that iodmcthylate of phenylhydrazone of norfluorocurarin has the highest selectivity to inhibit the growth of HEp-2 cells, HcLa and HBL-100 (IC50 =19,1 mM/1 for all cancer cells) with low toxicity to fibroblasts (IC50 = 95.5 mM/1).
5. The cytotoxic activity of derivatives of phenyl and phcnoxyacctic acids was studied. The selective growth inhibitor of larynx cancer cells - n-Cl-phenoxyacctic acid (IC50 value of 5.2 - 52 mM/1), with low toxicity for normal cells (IC50 = 442 mM/1) was determined. n-Cl-acctylphcnylacctic acid inhibits the growth of cells Hcp-2, HcLa and HBL-100 (IC50 = 4.7 mM/1) and low toxic for normal cells (IC50 = 94 mM/1).
6. The cytotoxic and proliferative activities of phytostcroids were studied. It established that phytosteroidc - ecdystcrone inhibited the growth of cancer cells Hcp-2, HcLa and HBL-100 to 15% and induced of proliferation of normal fibroblastic cells to 80%.
7. The method of obtaining of tissue-engineering construction of skin composed of fibroblasts on basis of collagen substrate for healing of burning wounds optimized. It was shown that the use of ecdystcrone in conjunction with tissue-engineering construction gives 2 times faster epithclialization of burning wounds.
8. The hybridomas producing of monoclonal antibodies to recombinant erythropoietin obtained. The two most promising subclonc of hybrid-producing cells that were subsequently used to obtaining of preparative quantities of monoclonal antibodies to recombinant erythropoietin were selected.
9. The monoclonal antibodies to recombinant erythropoietin obtained from ascites fluid, purified and characterized. It established that the monoclonal antibody to the recombinant erythropoietin was cross reacted with plasma erythropoietin and recombinant, and belong to the class of IgG. The antibody titer in ascetic fluid was 1 x 107, in culture - 2 x 104. The high titer of 4 x 107 showed the total fraction of purified MAbs-EPO.
10. The method for isolation of erythropoietin from human placental blood using of synthesized immunosorbent with monoclonal antibody to human erythropoietin was developed.
11. The Guidelines “Estimation of cytotoxicity of drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, chemicals, pesticides and veterinary goods” (8H-R/18, 02.03.2016) developed and approved.

The aim of research work is to define the most often meeting types of fungi-pathogens in ornamental flowers grown in greenhouses conditions and in the open ground of Tashkent and Namangan regions and improving measures of their control.
Scientific novelty of the research work:
59 kinds, 11 forms and 1 variation of fungi-pathogens in 15 types of flowers grown in the conditions of Tashkent and Namangan regions were defined;
infection of selected flowers by 81 kinds of fungi-pathogens was determined;
it was revealed, that the selected 15 species of flower plants were infected with the most dangerous diseases, such as fusarium wilt -10 species of flowers, gray rot-11, rust-11, and powdery mildew-6;
in the conditions of our republic on 15 types of flowers was used Trichoderma viride as a biological method and such kind of fungicides as Maksim, Baileton, Fundazol in controlling of defined diseases as chemical method and economical efficiency of these measures were estimated.

Subjects of the inquiry: State diagrams of Mg3(PO4)2 - Са5(РО4)зҒ, Mg3(PO4)2-CaAbSi2Os and Mg3(PO4)2-Ca5(PO4)3F-CaAbSi2Os systems; glass and glass-ceramics of Mg3(PO4)2—Ca5(PO4)3F, Mg3(PO4)2—CaAl2Si2Os and Mg3(PO4)2-Ca5(PO4)3F-CaAbSi2Os systems; biocompatibility of glass-ceramics; bioglass-ccramic coatings of mctal-ccramics, bioglass-ccramic bone implants, allcast bioglass-ccramic denture, glaze of prosthetic dentistry articles.
Aim of the inquiry: Aim of research was to accomplish scientific approach to selection of compositions of bioglass-ccramics for orthopedic and prosthetic dentistry and technological basis of synthesis of biocompatiblc glass-crystal materials.
Method of inquiry: Hard-phase synthesis, static method of determination of phase equilibriums, crystal-optical analysis, X-ray-phase analysis, electronmicroscope analysis, electron-probe microanalysis, differential-thermal analysis.
The results achieved and their novelty: Phase equilibriums in Mg3(PO4)2-Саз(РО4)зҒ, Mg3(PO4)2—CaAl2Si2O8 and Mg3(PO4)2—Са5(РС>4)зҒ—CaAbSi2Os systems were researched for the first time. Areas of glass formation and crystallization ability of glasses in researched systems were determined. Interconnection between composition-structurc-propcrty of glasses and glass-ceramics was investigated, which allowed to determine concentration borders of optimal compositions of glass-ceramic materials, theoretically explain and experimentally prove capability to directly control properties and structure of glass-ceramics. Glass-crystal materials on the basis of Mg3(PO4)2-Ca5(PO4)3F, Mg3(PO4)2-CaAbSi2Ox and Mg3(PO4)2-Ca5(PO4)3F-CaAbSi2Os systems were researched on compatibility with living organism. Conditions for synthesis of bioglass-ccramics for prosthetic surgery and dentistry were developed. Structural-controllcd synthesis of bioglass-ccramic coating for mctal-ceramics was developed. Glazes for prosthetic dentistry articles were developed.
Practical value: Regularities of adjustment of phase transitions in Mg3(PO4)2-Ca5(PO4)3F, Mg3(PO4)2-CaAl2Si2O8 and Mg3(PO4)2-Ca5(PO4)3F-CaAl2Si2O8 systems were determined, which allowed to develop compositions for obtaining bio-glass-ceramic articles for prosthetic surgery and dentistry. Technology for obtaining bioglass-ccramic articles for orthopedic surgery of dense and porous structure was developed. Compositions and technology of obtaining bioglass-ccramic dentures - all-cast and metal-ceramic articled with quality compatible with foreign analogues - were developed for the first time in Uzbekistan.
Degree of embed and economical effectivity: Results of clinical test of patients, under observation from 1 to 10 years allow to recommend bioglass-ccramics on the basis of Mg3(PO4)2-Ca5(PO4)3F, Mg3(PO4)-CaAl2Si2O8 and Mg3(PO4)2-Cas(PO4)3F-CaA12Si2Oi{ systems for usage in jaw-face surgery departments of medical facilities in Uzbekistan and organization of industrial production of bioglass-ccramics for orthopedic surgery. Technical conditions for “Biositall” bio-compatiblc glass-crystal material were developed. Clinical tests of bioglass-ccramic dentures - all-cast and metal-ceramic articles were started in the premises of prosthetic dentistry department of 1st Tashkent State Medical Institute. It is necessary to continue clinical tests of bioglass-ccramics for prosthetic dentistry in order to determine long-term results, which allow recommend organization of industrial production. Obtained results may serve as commercial product for usage in treatment and service centers of prosthetic surgery and dentistry.
Sphere of usage: Medicine.

The aim of research work is the development of technology for the production of new affordable, cheap thermo-chemically resistant, mechanically strong of polycondensation type of ion-exchange polymers on the basis of waste of Shurtan gas chemical complex and product of hydrolysis of the secondary industry based on furfural.
The object of the research work arc furfural, a secondary product of the hydrolysis industry and waste from the Shurtan gas chemical complex, sulfocathionitc.
Scientific novelty of the research w ork is as follows:
developed of the method for obtaining a new polymer by polycondensation reaction on the bottom waste of the Shurtan gas chemical complex with furfural for the introduction of ionogcnic groups;
determined the formation of polymers by the dependence of the reaction on the initial monomers, catalysts and reaction temperature:
developed the process mode of the process of sulfurization of the obtained polymer.
identified the main features of cationite, supporting the use of modem physical-chemical methods for the practical application of ionites;
received cation exchangers were used in chemical and hydromctallurgical facilities, as well as in softening artesian waters.
Implementation of the research results. On the basis of scientific findings on obtaining new ion exchange polymers for demineralization and purification of industrial water:
the Shurtan Gas Chemical Complex has received a patent for the invention of the Intellectual Property Agency of the Republic of Uzbekistan (IAP 04635, 2012) on the method of obtaining new- sulphocationitcs on the basis of cube emissions and furfurol. This method allows you to obtain a new cheap thermo-chemical, mechanical strength cationite;
the synthesized ion exchange polymer was used for the enterprises of JSC "Uzkimyosanoat" (JSC Uzkimyosanoat №03-3184/M from September 30, 2016). As a result, sulfokationit allow s to recommend softening of boiler plants.
The structure and volume of the thesis. The thesis consists of an introduction, four chapters, conclusion, bibliography, and applications. The volume of the thesis is 120 pages.

Topicality and demand of the theme of dissertation. Last years soil salinity became one of the sharpest global problems of agriculture. Especially it concerns the countries with arid and semiarid climate. Thus in the world about 955 million hectare arc saline1 from which approximately one-third is considered saline with Na' ions.2 Salinization promotes fast degradation of agricultural lands. The cause of it is that many crops cannot normally grow in saline soils because the established microbioccnoses get broken and soil becomes practically lifeless.
One of the effective approaches for the solving of this problem is selection and introduction of salt-tolerant plant-microbial symbioses on problem lands. The most suitable for this arc legumes, particularly chickpea. However chickpea is very sensitive to soil salinization. Depending on concentration of salts in soil the quantity of seedlings considerably decreases, plants turn out undersized with poorly developed root system, immunity considerably declines, that as result leads to diseases and destruction of the plant. Soil salinization practically breaks symbiotic relations between legumes and rhizobia. Formation of nodules, atmospheric nitrogen fixation and nitrogenase activity as a result decreases. In particular many strains of nodule bacteria arc lost, that prevent the formation of effective symbioses.
Besides the big problem arc phytopathogcnic fungi causing chickpea root diseases. In separate years they result in to significant losses of crop and to decrease in its quality. It is known, that some microorganisms arc capable to inhibit the growth of phytopathogcnic fungi, for the account of such properties as production of hydrolytic enzymes, siderophores, HCN etc. One of the most effective microorganisms in this respect arc some representatives of genus Pseudomonas, which arc also promote decrease in various stresses at plants, thereby raising their tolerance to unfavorable biotic and abiotic environmental factors. However till now is not clear what role can play these bacteria in rhizobial-leguminous symbiose, and also their influence on a chickpea in the saline soils conditions is not studied enough. In this connection search of the effective salt-tolerant strains of nodule bacteria and pscudomonades, study of their effect on a chickpea in salinization conditions and creation on their basis of the effective competitive biopreparations for a chickpea growth and development improvement and also for its root diseases control in the saline soils conditions is an actual goal.
This dissertation research to some extent serves to carry out the tasks provided in the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan Nol42 «On the Program of measures for protection of the environment of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2013 - 2017» of May 27, 2013, as well as in other legal documents adopted in this area.
The aim of the research is creation of the effective biopreparation on the basis of growth-promoting rhizosphere microorganisms for improvement of chickpea productivity in the salinization conditions.
Scientific novelty of research consists in the following:
from nodules and rhizosphere of a chickpea cultivated on saline soils, isolated growth promoting bacterial strains, related to genuses Pseudomonas and Mesorhizobium which were identified accordingly as Pseudomonas chlororaphis-66 and Mesorhizobium ciceri-4 by means of method of 16S rRNA nucleotide content sequence definition;
received rifampicin-resistant strains of these bacteria thanks to which it was possible to define their colonizing abilities in chickpea root system;
for the first time established that Pseudononas chlororaphis-bb promotes active nodule formation in chickpea, and also raises its immunity, productivity and resistance to phytopathogcnic fungi;
studied various properties of strains M. ciceri-4 and P. chlororaphis-66, influencing chickpea growth and development, and also factors which arc responsible for biological control of phytopathogcnic fungi, causing chickpea root diseases;
for the first time established, that various chickpea breeds synthesize exudates of different nature (sugars, acids, amino acids) in different quantities and secrete them through the root system;
by fractionating of root exudates in the column with ion-exchange resin Dowex, 3 fractions: cationic (histidine, arginine, lysine, cysteine, serine, glycine, серин, глицин, asparaginic acid, leucine, isoleucine and alanine), anionic (gluconic, galactonic and mannuronic acids), neutral (glucose, galactose, arabinose, xylose and ribose) arc received;
defined that attractive ability of separate fractions (attraction region (cm): cationic-1.0; anionic-0.6; ncutral-0.8) is lower, than total (attraction region - 2.8 cm). The mixture of cationic and neutral fractions possesses higher attractive ability, than mixture of cationic and anionic and mixture of anionic and neutral fractions;
for the first time on the basis of selected strains Pseudomonas chlororaphis-66 and Mesorhizobium ciceri-4 is developed the new biopreparation «Pseudorhizobin».
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2. Эгамбсрдисва Д., Жабборова Д., Шурыгин В., Эргашева У., Давранов К. Физиологическая характеристика ризосферных бактерий рода Pseudomonas, выделенных из засоленных почв Узбекистана// УзМУ хабарлари, 2011. - №2. - С. 128-131.
3. Egamberdieva D., Shurigin V., Davranov К. Colonisation of Pseudomonas chlororaphis TSAU13 and Pseudomonas extremorientalis TSAU20 in the rhizosphere of wheat under salt stress// Узбекский биологический журнал, 2011. - №4. - С. 26-29.
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18. Эгамбсрдисва Д.Р., Шурыгин В.В., Давранов К. Увеличение плодородия и продуктивности засоленных засушливых почв при использовании бактериальных удобрений// Аграрная наука - сельскому хозяйству: VII Международная научно-практическая конференция. - Барнаул (Россия), 2012. - Сборник статей, кн. 2. - С. 257-258.
19. Shurigin V.V. Improvement of growth and development of chickpea under arid saline soil conditions// «Охрана окружающей среды в Узбекистане: её состояние в настоящие дни и пути развития»: научно-практический семинар, посвященный Всемирному Дню охраны окружающей среды. -Ташкент, 2013.
20. Шурыгин В.В., Давранов К. Выращивание нута, с применением препарата «Псевдоризобин» - одно из решений проблемы деградации почвы пастбищ// Яйловлардан окилона фойдаланиш ва мухофаза килишнинг институционал масалалари: Республика илмий-амалий конференция. -Ташкент, 2013.-С. 174-178.
21. Shurigin V.V., Davranov К. The new bacterial preparation increasing potential of a chickpea in carbon sequestration and improving soil fertility// The soil resources of Uzbekistan: status, protection and the perspectives of their rational using: scientific-practical conference. - Tashkent, 2013. - P. 113-115.
22. Shurigin V.V., Davranov K. Biotechnological aspects of creation of complex symbiotic «Pseudorhizobin» preparation specific to a chickpea on the basis of aboriginal bacterial strains// Regional conference of young scientists on Recent trends in physical & biological sciences. - Bangalore (India), 2014. - P. 65.
23. Шурыгин В.В. Биоконтроль фитопатогенных грибов, вызывающих корневые болезни нута, при помощи PGPR, в условиях засоления почвы// Ломоносов-2014: Тез. докл. XXI Международной научной конференции студентов, аспирантов и молодых учёных. - Москва (Россия), 2014. -С. 229.
24. Egambcrdieva D., Jabborova D., Shurigin V. Microbial population in the rhizosphere soil of various crop plants as affected by salinity// 20th World congress of soil science. In commemoration of the 90th anniversary of the IUSS. - Jeju (Korea), 2014.-P. 342.
25. Шурыгин В.В. Корневые экссудаты нута (Cicer arietinum L.), как ключевой фактор его урожайности при применении биопрепаратов// Ломоносов-2015: Тез. докл. XXII Международной научной конференции студентов, аспирантов и молодых учёных. - Москва (Россия), 2015. - С. 360-361.
26. Shurigin V.V., Davranov К. «Pseudorhizobin» - the new biological preparation increasing chickpea yield in salinity conditions// Soils of Uzbekistan and resource saving technologies of improvement of their fertility: scientific-practical seminar. - Tashkent, 2015. - P. 10-13.
27. Egambcrdieva D., Shurigin V., Gopalakrishnan S., Shanna R. Microbial strategics for the improvement of legume production in hostile environments// In: Legumes under environmental stress: yield, improvement and adaptations. Editors: Azooz M.M., Ahmad P. - UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2015. - P. 133-144.
28. Давранов К.Д., Шурыгин В.В., Буриев Х.Ч., Уббиниязова Д. «Псевдоризобин» биологик прспаратини шўрланган тупрокларда нўхат экинига қўллаш самарадорлиги// Тавсиянома. Т.: Тош ДАУ таҳририят-нашриёт бўлими, 2015. - 23 с.
29. Shurigin V.V., Davranov K.D. The new bacterial strains for «Pseudorhizobin» biological preparation increasing chickpea fertility in soil salinity conditions// Атроф муҳитни ўзгариши шароитида ср рссурсларини муҳофаза қилиш ва улардан оқилона фойдаланиш масалалари: Республика илмий-амалий семинар маърузалари тўплами. - Тошкент, 2016. - С. 545-551.

The pathogenesis of relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cytokines play an essential role, since they regulate the development of local defense responses orga nism-lymph tissue with various types of blood cells, endothelium-hydrochloric connector and epithelial tissue. The study is based on clinical and laboratory evaluation and monitoring 96 sick children with relapsed B-cell lymphoma. Most children enrolled in state of moderate severity. The selected group of patients with relapsed NHL patients were naturally presented primarily IIIA and IIIB step.

The aim of research work is the isolation of the alkaloids of the N. schoberi L. plant, the determination of the structure of new alkaloids, the performance of chemical correlations and synthesis reactions.
Scientific novelty of the research work:
It is isolated from the plant N.schoberi L. 22 alkaloids in an individual form;
It is isolated from the plant N.schoberi L. 4 new alkaloids (comavine, acetylcomavine, N-methylnitrarine and N-allylisonitrarine), their structure was established;
It is determined that 18 alkaloids isolated from N.schoberi L. (10 of the isolated substances belong to the indole, 3 - to spiropiperidine, 2 - to quinolizidine and 3 - to quinazoline alkaloids;
It is synthesized alkaloids comavine, acethylcomavine, N-methylnitrarine and N-allylisonitrarine.

Subjects of research: Suaeda altissima (L.) Pall, Atriplex tatarica L. species from family Chenopodiaceae and Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Alhagi kirghisorum Shrenk. species from family Fabaceae.
Purpose of work: to study of influence of saline the morphobiologycal indices and haloaccumulation some dominant plants of Mirzachul.
Methods of research: the laboratorycal, morphological, phenologycal, biometric, chemical, statistic methods.
The results obtained and their novelty: to influence of different degrees of saline the morphological indices, growth and development phase peculiarities and seed germinations of some dominant halophyte plants of Mirzachul were studied for the first time. The content and quantity of bound and free salt ions during growth and development phases of the wide-spread annual (Suaeda altissima, Atriplex tatarica) and perennial (Glycyrrhiza glabra, Alhagi kirghisorum) plants of Mirzachul were determined. The differences of localization of salt ions between organs of different vital form halophyte plants were studied.
Practical value: the halotoleratical peculiarities of studied plants are recommend to use biomelioraton of different salted marginal lands.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: recommendations were given for using of Sirdarya Location research centre (certificate from august, 19, 2010) and ICARD A Location centre (certificate from October, 27, 2010).
Field of application: biology, ecology, agriculture.

The aim of the research work is working out of complex of new methods of selection on leading technological parameters and also creation of new highly productive common and sex-limited lines and industrial hybrids of silkworm.
Scientific novelty of the research work is in the following:
For the first time complex of new methods of increasing of cocoons technological parameters was worked out: genetic method of obtaining a new mutations, new technology of cocoons individual rewinding with fresh pupa by using ferments, method of pure-strain material selection on morphological traits-cocoons granularity and compactness closely correlating with technological signs, new method of pure-strain selection on the stages of preparing of super elite and elite strains of silkworm eggs, method of multiple usage of mails with enhanced technological parameters.
On the results of genetic research works, a new efficient method of obtaining translocation fragment of the 10 autosome with gene of eggs color + W2 to the female W-chromosome was elaborated. New selection lines with increased signs of cocoons productivity and quality were bred. New industrial hybrids competitive at home and world markets were created.

Topicality and relevance of the theme of the dissertation. One of the major problems in the cultivation of cotton today among the cotton cultivating countries in the world is susceptibility of cotton with phytopathogens, which cause considerable damage to agriculture. Development of effective technologies for acceleration of the breeding process through the use of a marker associated biochemical, molecular and genetic techniques which enable to cultivate new varieties with a sign of resistance to pathogens, as well as improving the overall non-specific resistance of cotton to adverse biotic and abiotic factors by inducing natural defense mechanisms arc ones of environmentally friendly methods for cotton protection.
After the independence, increase in the cotton profitability and application of the modem scientific achievements - molecular biology, biotechnology and bioorganic chemistry in cotton farming led the certain results. It is important to note the identification of the role of various biochemical systems in regulation of protective reactions, advancing the ecologically sound methods (marker associated test systems and others) and the means (application of agro drugs based on natural biologically active compounds) which stabilize the cotton productivity.
To date, the biochemical principles of plant immunity, improvement in cotton resistance to the phytopathogens through biologically active compounds arc the crucial tasks of the modem biology in the world. Evaluation of cotton enzyme system involved in the protective reaction upon infection of plants by fungal pathogens, detection of molecular structures, development of enzyme immunoassay method, determination of induced resistance mechanisms, activation of the plant genetic protective potential, development of methods to increase the resistance of plants using the glycyrrhizin acid drugs arc the crucial tasks.
This dissertation research to some extent serves to carry out the tasks provided in Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «On protection of agricultural plants against pests, diseases and weeds» (2000), Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan Nol48 dated 29.03.2004 «On measures of improving the structure and increasing the efficiency of plant protection service, «Roadmap for realized activities programs on modernization and development of agriculture for 2016-2020» dated 07.02.2016 approved by the Cabinet of Ministers, as well as in other legal documents adopted in this area.
The aims of the research arc to detect biochemical mechanisms of cotton protective responses, to develop the test systems for evaluation of the resistance of breeding material to phytopathogen and to increase the resistance of the cotton to biotic factor of the environment through Glycyrrhizic acid based drugs.
Scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
it is proven that mechanisms of primary protective reaction of the resistant and susceptible cotton when exposed to the V. dahlias, F.oxysporum with participation of the anionic peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase which creates local zone of oxidative stress and production of active forms of oxygen at the entry spots of the phytopathogen. It is proven that the major role of the salicylic acid is acting as signaling molecule for the formation of systematic induces cotton resistance;
for the first time the test system for evaluation of cotton resistance to the fungal diseases was created, which enabled to forecast the cotton resistance level based on enzyme linked immunoassay;
the radically new concept is developed for application of natural drugs on cultivation of cotton, as inducers of unspecific resistance, based on DAG-1 and DAG-2 drugs in enhancement of resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors;
the major role of salicylic acid is identified in DAG-1, which regulates the cotton resistance to phytopathogen;
the prolonged and growth stimulating effect of the drugs is identified in preseeding treatment of cotton seeds in concentration of 10’7 M, comparable with the natural phytohormones, which enables to decrease the application ratio of chemical fertilizers and increase in cotton productivity.
CONCLUSIONS
1. The features of cotton response reaction were studied with actively involved peroxidase immune enzymes, polyphenol oxidase, and fenilallanin ammonia-lyase in cotton V. dahliae pathogenesis. It was found that the initial stage of cotton protective response to contamination by fungi is the generation of reactive oxygen species, coupled with the activation of anionic peroxidase. Obtained results open possibilities for creation of effective agents and technologies for managing the disease-resistance mechanisms on molecular level.
2. The marker enzymes, which determines the development of defense responses in cotton, are the anionic peroxidases associated with cell wall and exhibits the specificity for fungal chitin. Two homogeneous anionic chitin-specific cotton peroxidases arc identified with isopoints pl ~ 3,5 and ~ pl 3,9 and molecular weight of 93,5 kDa and 85 kDa. Km and their substrate specificity were determined, which arc important in development of the effective method for resistance assessment of the cotton to wilt.
3. Obtained polyclonal antibodies to cotton homogeneous chitin-specific peroxidase pl ~ 3,9. Specificity and sensitivity of the polyclonal antibodies was determined and the antibody conjugate was extracted with alkaline phosphatase. The conditions for enzyme immunoassay were optimized, which serve to improve the methods of rapid selection of cotton resistant forms.
4. For the first time in cotton breeding, more than 200 samples of elite cotton varieties, species, cultures and lines were tested for the resistance to wilt based on the developed test systems. Whereby the obtained data showed the identity of the field tests. This in turn enables to create new cotton species based on scientific validation, and saves the time and sources for the field tests
5. The inducing action of DAG-1 (supramolccular complex glycyrrhizin and salicylic acid) and DAG-2 (monoammonium salt of glycyrrhizic acid) was proved on the activity of cotton phytoimmunity enzymes. The effective drug concentrations of 10-7 M that stimulates the system of cotton resistant to pathogens was determined, which reveals the prospects to use the compounds of non-biocidal origin, and which is important in agricultural practice.
6. Low concentrations of DAG-1 and DAG-2 drugs affect the balance of plant hormones - IAA, ABA and SA in cotton seedlings. It was revealed that the drugs affect the increase in SA content, contributing to the cotton preadaptation to biotic stress factors and reduce in strength of its damaging effect. Obtained data in the future will serve for creation and improvement of new age drugs with immunomodulatory properties.
7. It is proved that the SA enhances the activity of anionic peroxidase, indicating the involvement of enzyme in the protective actions; it stimulates the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, synthesizing new SA molecules. It is conclusively established that the SA contained in DAG-1 is responsible for the increased activity of cotton immune enzymes.
8. Pretreatment of cottonseeds with DAG-1 and DAG-2 drugs has the highly prolonged effect (up to 30 days) on the activity of phytoimmunity enzymes -peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in the field, which causes the protective induced property of glycyrrhizinates. Obtained data will serve as the basis for development of new concept to apply the drugs of natural origin as the inducers of non-specific resistance.
9. Pretreatment of the cotton using the DAG-1 and DAG-2 drugs has the growth stimulating effect, positive effect on economic valuable characters of cotton, reduces the susceptibility of the susceptible and moderate resistant cotton varieties to wilt, and also contributes to widening the complex measures for crop protection against environmental adverse impact.

Subjects of the inquiry: Rat liver mytochondria, phytoccdystcroids (PEC-ccdystcron, turkcstcron), ncrobol.
Aim of the inquiry: Determination of Ca+2 transport, respiration and oxidative phosphorilation, ATPase activity, rotenone-insensitivity NAD.N-oxidase, rotenone-sensitive NAD.N-oxidase, succinic oxidase and cytochrome C-oxidasc, lipid contents, lipid peroxidation processes, hydrolithic activity of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and phospholipase Al (LPLA1), liver mytochondria.
Methods of investigation: polarography, pH-mctry, thin layer chromatography, spectrophotometry.
The results achieved and their novelty: The administration of PES and ncrobol to the diabetic animals (DA) resulted in slowing of calcium ions, restoration of OP parameters, ATPase and oxidase activity, lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation processes and activity of liver mytochondria lypolitic enzymes. Prolonged administration of PEC and ncrobol into the DA resulted in reduction of NAD-dependent substrates of liver mytochondria oxidation. At the same time ecdystcron and nerobol have no effect on the increase in activity of cytochrom C cuccinic oxidase. The studied preparations provided increase in phosfatidycholin; turkcstcron increases the content of (phosphatidylinosit) PI; ecdystcron and ncrobol provide partial restoration of PI content. Ncrobol provides full and PEC partial restoration of the content of posphatidylscrine.
Practical value: The results presented in this work significantly broaden knowledge about molecular mechanism of PEC and ncrobol effect on the liver mytochondria under the hyperglycemia.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: The principles of correction of structure and functional disturbances in liver mytochondria membrane used in the work occupy the special place in the development of target pathogenic treatment of the patients with hyperglycemia; obtained results fulfill knowledge in rat biochemistry and allow carrying new scientific investigations and improving teaching process.
Field of application: biochemistry, diabctology, physiology, pathologic physiology, hepatology, clinical pharmacology.

The urgency and relevance of the theme of dissertation. As a result of increase in the processing industry in the world, environmental degradation and the effects of unreasonable use of natural resources, namely the growth needs of the industrial sectors in water resources, to humanity on the agenda raise the new tasks as universal problems. The objective of environmental protection is one of the large-scale, the most acute social problems of modern life and of its solution, the corresponding interests of all peoples, which fully determine the future of civilization.
In accord with the principle of sustainable development of the Republic of Uzbekistan an important primary task is the implementation of a harmonious correspondence sequentia macroeconomic planning with nature conservation policy, in close integration with the social and other sectors of policy. Environmental policy of the republic focused advisable goal to combination the transition from individual protected natural elements in general protected ecological systems along with the development of mechanisms based on the principle of guaranteeing the priority indicators of the human environment.
The main object of improving manufacturing processes and nature conservation acticity, is the modernization and reconstruction of industrial enterprises, reducing environmental impact, improving the efficiency of complex and rational use of natural resources through the implementation of environmentally friendly and resource-saving technologies, including energy recovery sources.
Using a large amount of water in the ore and metallurgical and chemical industries requires the implementation of a package of measures to reduce environmental pollution and introduction into production, from an environmental point of view, low-waste technologies. In the metallurgical, chemical and other industries for the treatment of industrial waste water, as well as the extraction of ions from certain metals, sorption ability, ion exchange sorbents and reagents have been widely used.
Due to the increasing needs of the republic in various assortments of ion exchange sorbents, their introduction is appropriate production based on local raw materials. The problem of the treatment of industrial waste water, as well as demineralization, can solve not only environmental issues, namely, to solve the effective implementation of material resources and raw materials of our country, through the production of import-substituting sorbents and reagents.
The presented dissertation is focused on ensuring the implementation of decisions of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan PP-1442 dated December 15, 2010 «On the priorities of industrial development of Uzbekistan in 2011-2015» and PP-142 dated May 27, 2013 «On the program of action for environmental protection in Uzbekistan 2013-2017», as well as on the permission of the tasks set out in other normative and legal documents, corresponding to the activity.
The research objective is exposure of the possibility of using ion exchange sorbents in the processes of demineralization, wastewater treatment from metal ions in the chemical and metallurgical industries, the development of methods for the obtaining reagents from waste production and effective ion exchange sorbents based on furfural.
The scientific novelty of the thesis research lies in the following:
The scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
There have been obtained the anion exchanger - sorbents, forming with nonferrous metal ions weakly alkaline multifunctional, thermo-chemically stable complex by polycondensation of furfural benzoguanidin with diphenylguanidine;
It has been obtained that monofunctional carboxyl cation exchanger - sorbent with properties of selective sorption for ions of non-ferrous metals and uranium from industrial solutions by condensation of furfural with acrylic acid;
It has been determined that the dependence of the reaction rate constants, activation energies of the temperature, concentrations of initial materials, catalyst amount, and other factors based on kinetic studies of the process;
It has been found that the correlation dependences of the basic chemical, physical and chemical (sorption of ions of calcium, magnesium, copper, nickel, molybdenum and others., sorption capacity, monofunctionality, the degree of dissociation of the functional groups, and others.) on the chemical composition, physico-chemical and adsorption properties of the initial raw materials;
It has been developed that the technology of using local production of furfural and waste from Kungrat Soda Plant for ion exchange polymer sorbents with different functionality and calcium hydrosilicate with predetermined properties for cleaning and softening processes of industrial wastewater and extraction of nonferrous metal ions.
CONCLUSION
1. It has been recommended that approach for the preparation of weakly alkaline of polyfunctional anion sorbents with complex forming properties based on furfural benzoguanin and diphenylguanidine.
2. There has been the way for producing monofunktsional carboxylic cation exchanger - sorbents having selective sorption capacity to the non-ferrous metal ions and uranyl by polycondensation of furfural with acrylic acid.
3. Based on kinetic studies polycondensation reaction of PEPA, furfural and other monomers it has determined that rate constants, reaction activation energy. It has been shown that dependence of sorbents production technology on the reaction temperature, initial materials concentration, amount of catalyst and other factors.
4. It has been found that correlation dependences of the basic chemical, physical and chemical (sorption of ions of calcium, magnesium, copper, nickel, molybdenum and others., sorption capacity, monofunctionality, the degree of dissociation of the functional groups, and others.) on the chemical composition, physico-chemical and adsorption properties of the initial materials suitable for import substitution sorbents.
5. For the first time there has been used the technology of using waste Kungirat soda zavodi to produce calcium hydrosilicate different functionality with predetermined properties to process industrial wastewater treatment.
6. For the first time there has been developed the novel approach for effective purification of industrial wastewater. It has been found that the degree of purification of the wastewater reached up to 94-98% when used as a reagent of 200-600 mg/1 of calcium hydrosilicate and 100-200 mg/1 of aluminum sulphate coagulant. The basic technological scheme has been proposed.
7. It has been determined that the field of using the sorbents on the basis of chemical analyzes, physical-chemical and sorption properties. It has been recommended that their use for cleaning and softening industrial wastewater such as JSC « Kungrad Soda zavodi», JSC «Bektemir spirt-experimental zavodi» and JSC «Uzmetkombinat».

The aim of the research work is creation of the new competitive microbial preparations on the basis of local strains of rhizobactcria increasing cotton plant resistance to stress conditions.
Scientific novelty of the research work is as follows:
as a result of screening the strains which arc stable at chloridc-sulfatc and sulfate salinization (up to 200 rnM) were selected from the cotton rhizosphere;
by means of study of morphological-cultural, physiological-biochemical properties and 16S rRNA analysis the local salt resistant strains of rhizobactcria Pseudomonas stutzeri, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium arc identified;
it is revealed that local strains of rhizobactcria have large-molecular plasmid DNA with sizes for P. stutzeri SKB 308 - 55 kb; B. subtilis SKB 309 -13.3; 30 and 48.5 kb and B. megaterium SKB 310 - 23.1 kb;
it is established that isolated strains Pseudomonas stutzeri SKB 308, Bacillus subtilis SKB 309 and Bacillus megaterium SKB 310 in stress conditions (pH-9) reveal high activity of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the amount of 20.7±1.01; 19.4±0.79; 17.74±0.85 pg/ml respectively;
it is revealed that strain P. stutzeri SKB 308 synthesizes the intermediate substance 1 -brominc-2-phthalimidcthanc possessing high antagonistic activity;
the synergetic mechanism of rhizobactcria-cotton mutualistic interactions is proved;
the mechanisms of stability of the local rhizobactcria strains Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas stutzeri to СГ and SO42' ions and mechanisms of their antagonistic activity arc revealed, the strains arc deposited;
the biological efficiency of preparation «Zamin-M» against main phytopathogens of cotton {Fusarium sp., Xanthomonas comprestris pv. malvacearum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, Botrytis cineria and Verticillium dahliae) is proved;
the biotechnology of liquid and dry biopreparations production for plant growing with a complex effect is developed;
for the first time an associative culture of compatible, salt-resistant, noncompeting in conditions of joint storage and use, rhizobactcria strains P. stutzeri SKB 308, B. subtilis SKB-309 and B. megaterium SKB 310 is developed;

Subjects of the inquiry: higher aquatic plants - E. crassipes Solms, P. Stratiotes L., A. caroliniana Willd. and Lemna minor L.
Aim of the inquiry: establish the cyanid and rodanids’ waste waters cleanag’s biotechnology with usage of higher aquatic plants.
Method of the inquiry: laboratory and field experiments, phenological, anatomical, microbiological methods, qualitative and quantitative analysis ions, netron-activational analysis.
The results achieved and their novelty: physical properties, chemical content, species diversity and quantity of microorganisms, microspcopic weeds and protozoa in cyanid and rodanid waters OAS “Navoiazot” were determined for the first time. The cyanid and rodanids’ waste water cleanage possibilities were revealed and biotechnological method was worked out. Anatomical structure was compcratively studied and the quantity of macro and macroelements in high aquatic plants biomass, grown on cyanid and rodanid waste waters were determined.
Practical value: scientifically based system for efficient cyanid and rodanid waste waters clcanage using aquatic value. The recommendations on cyanid and rodanid waste waters clcanage were worked out. Research results used in teaching ecology, nature protection, biotechnology and microbiology at the BSU and NavPL
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the recommendations on implementation of obtained results for Committee on Natur Preserve of Navoi region (report dated from 08.04.2009) and OAS “Navoiazot” (report dated from 27.05.2009) arc prepared.
Sphere of usage: biotechnology, ecology, microbiology, nature protection.

The article discusses the behavior of the selective marker gene npt II, providing resistance to kanamycin in the biotechnology population
cotton variety Porloq-1 in connection with the experimenter is faced with when creating biotechnological plants

The aim of research work is isolation of the alkaloids from Uzbekistan plants of Crambe Kotschyana Boiss, C. orientalis, cultivated Dipthychocarpus strictus and Convolvulus Krauseanus, elucidation of new alkaloids’ structure, determination of the hight active substances.
Scientific novelty of the research work consists from the following:
It is isolated 16 alkaloids in total from the plants growing in Uzbekistan 4 of species: from Crambe genus - two species - C. Kotschyana, C. orientalis., cultivated in Tashkent botanical garden species of Dipthychocarpus strictus and one from genus of Convolvulus - species of C. Krauseanus',
The new 2 alkaloids of goitrin and krambain are isolated for the first time from plants of C. Kotschyana, C. orientalis, their structures were elucidated;
7 alkaloids are isolated from plant of D. strictus, one of them is absolutely new, its structure was elucidated;
It was based alkaloids of fillalbin and convolidin from plant of Convolvulus Krauseanus and antimicrobial and antifungal activity of the sum of alkaloids.

The aim of research work is the synthesis of complex compounds of biometals with aryl-, heterericarboxylic acids and amino alcohols, determining their spatial structure and the structure-bioactivity relationship.
Scientific novelty of the research work is as follows:
45 new chemical compounds were obtained on the basis of the selected carboxylic acids and the growth of their single crystals was established by a spatial structure using X-ray analysis;
two polymorphic modifications of the a- (N-benzoxazolin-2-one) crystal of acetic acid were obtained, and transitions from a- to 0-forms were established at 129 ° C, and the same orientation toward the various metal cations Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ and formation of isostructural complexes;
the dependence of a- (N-benzoxazolin-2-one) acetic and p- (N-benzoxazolin-2-thione) propionic acids on metal complexes is a way of coordinating the metal against the type of acid residue;
the impossibility of co-ordination of a- (N-benzothiazol-2-one) acetic acid with a metal ion is established if mono-, di-, triethanolamine or ethylenediamine is present in the crystallization medium, i.e. the acid anions are localized in the outer sphere of the complex. This phenomenon is also observed in the case of a- (N-benzoxazolin-2-one) acetic acid;
the growth-stimulating effect of chelate complexes of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and monoethanolamine with Си (II) and Zn (II) was established, as well as an increase in the activity of the peroxidase enzyme in the root part of cotton;
the antifungal activity of monoethanolammonium salts of selected heterylcarboxylic acids and chelate complex compounds with Си (II) has been proved.

The aim of the research work. Synthesis of O-carboxymethylchitosan Bombyx mori, identification of the features of the reaction of carboxymethylation of chitosan, the establishment of molecular weight characteristics and biological activity.
Scientific novelty of the research work:
optimal conditions for the synthesis of O-carboxymethylchitosan Bombyx mori were determined by varying the concentration of sodium hydroxide, the ratio of the alkylating agent, the temperature and the duration of the process, and the kinetic parameters of the rate and activation energy;
the mechanism of the reaction of O-carboxymethylation of chitosan was first established by studying the phase and electronic structure of CMCHs based on molecular modeling in the HyperChem program 8.0;
the parameters of regulation of the degree of substitution and water solubility for the preparation of O-carboxymethyl chitosan are justified;
molecular weight characteristics of water-soluble O-carboxymethyl chitosan obtained on the basis of chitosan were proved by the methods of viscometry and high-speed sedimentation.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. One of the urgent problems of modem chemistry is the search of directions of rational use of natural resources and creation on their basis of practically useful new materials and technologies.
Thus the special attention is given to the problem of localisation, creation and introduction in the manufacture of the new biologically active connections used in various areas of national economy that leads to import substitution and economy of currency means. In order to increase the volume of manufacturing chemical products the important problem of further expansion of their assortment and improvement of quality is put.
The main role in this belongs to purposeful searches of new valuable substances, more effective methods and processes of synthesis and division of products, by radical improvement of existing manufactures.
Working out of new technology more and more is based on its scientific report, including knowledge of the mechanism and physical and chemical laws of process. The big reserves in production efficiency increase arc available in the field of improvement of the operating enterprises by a choice of optimum parametres of process, modernisation of technological schemes and the equipment, qualified use of by-products and production wastes. Set of all these factors is of special significance for the further development of the industry of organic synthesis in conditions in the Republic of Kazakhstan which economic reforms arc ongoing.
Noted in fully masurc can be attributed to the alkaloids and carbohydrates, which arc the main representatives of the natural compounds. One of the promising directions of their practical application is to study them as a source of subjects for new biologically active compounds.
Chemical modification of the structure of alkaloids and carbohydrates has large and still not fully disclosed potential prospects. The derivatives of modified monosaccharides arc of great scientific and practical interest, since many of them have a pronounced biological activity of a broad spectrum of action. A number of derivatives of monosaccharides arc widely used in medicine, such as an effective anticanccr and antiviral drugs. It is important in this case that the introduction of the carbohydrate residues in the structure of biologically active substances often leads to increase water solubility and decrease toxicity. All these determines interest in synthetic chemistry modifications of monosaccharides. It should also be noted that the data on the compounds that combines both carbohydrate and alkaloid of the fragments arc not described in the literature.
On the basis of the conducted works on the obtaining biologically active substances conditions of synthesis with various functional groups, showing a wide spectrum of biological action will be created.
In connection with thccrcation of scientific bases of obtaining biologically active substances by the modification of monosaccharides and the decision of the problems connected with synthesis of biologically active substances on their basis, arc the actual problems representing as theoretical, and practical value.
Dissertational research in certain degree will promote the decision of problems resulted in the decision of the President of Republic of Kazakhstan RK № 00512 «Reasonable use of natural resources, processing of raw materials and products» (2005-2015).
Purpose of research. Definition of regularity of reaction of the combination of monosaccharide of some amines and alkaloids and creation of obtaining technology of biologically active substances containing simultaneously a carbohydrate part both amines and alkaloid fragments.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research consists of the following:
dcterminationof the kinetic regularities of hydrolysis of thcpolysaccharides, depending on the temperature of conccntrationof the polysaccharidcinsolution, the nature and the concentration of the acid;
for the first time the synthesis of N- glycoside and N- xylose derivatives on the basis of certain alkaloids has been carried out and their structure has been defined;
interaction reaction of tctraacctylgluco-pyranosy-lisothiocyanatc with cytisine alkaloid, L-cphcdrinc and D-pscudo-cphcdrinc has been studied and their thiourea derivatives have been obtained;
synthesis of carbohydratccontaining ester of N-
alkaloiddithiocarbamicacidsrcacting with cytisincalkaloid, L- cphcdrincand D-pscudocphcdrincwith carbon disulfide inthc presence of tricthylaminc has been studied and furthcralkylation ofl-dcoxy-2,3,4,6-tctra-O-acetyl-P-D-glucopyranosyl bromidchas brought to obtain dithiourcthans;
new polyfunctional derivatives including sulfur- and halogcn-containing derivatives of N- aminoglycosides on the basis of amines of the primary aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic series have been obtained and their possible formation-anomeric forms have been defined;
technological parameters of the synthesis of biological active substances containing carbohydrate part both amines and alkaloids fragments have been developed and their range of application has been determined.
Conclusion
1. Methods for the preparationof monosaccharideson the basisof local raw matcrials(com stalk, cotton stem, vine,darmanaandpoppy) have been developed andimproved.The kineticregularity of hydrolysisof polysaccharidcsdcpcnding on thcconccntrationof the polysaccharidcin solution,nature andthc concentration of acidhas beendetermined. It has been determinedthat as the presence of aceticacid during the reaction byproduct formationprocessis relatively slow.
2. For the purpose of obtaining xylite the hydrogenation ofxylose has been conducted and the structure ofthc most activecobalt alloysand catalysts, modified with ferromolybdenumandferrotitanium has been investigated. The optimalcondition of hydrogenolysisprocess of xylose has been determined andan the optimalcomposition of the catalyst: Cu-Al-FTi =45% -50% -5% has been introduced
3. Thc reaction ofmonosaccharides(D-glucose and D-xylose) withalkaloids cytisine, L- ephedrine and D-pseudoephedrine has been investigated, consequently adequate N- glucosilamincs and N-xylosilamincs have been obtained and characterized. N-glycosides has been obtained bycounter synthesis, i.c.alkylating the above-mcntioncdalkaloids with tctra-O-acctyl-P-D-glucopyranosyl bromide, then . l-(2,3,4,6-tctra-O-acctyl-P-D-glucopyranosyl) amines have been obtainedby subsequcntrcaction withsodium methylate.
4. Thefirst time thcrcaction oftctraacytilglucopyranosisilisothiocyanate withalkaloidscytisine, L-ephedrine and D-pscudocphcdrine and theirthioureaderivatives. Their structure has been determined by usingIR- and NMRspcctroscopy, massspcctromctryandX-ray analysis.
5. The synthesisof carbohydrate N-alkaloiddithiocarbamicacid has been conducted by rcactingcytisincalkaloid, L- cphcdrincand D-pscudocphcdrinewith carbon disulfide inthc presence of tricthylamine. It is shown thatthc further alkylation ofl-dcoxy-2,3,4,6-tetra-O- acctyl-D- glucopyranosyl bromidcled to obtaining dithiourctans.
6. Based on hydrazides of o- and n -hydroxybenzoic acid very promising in biological carbohydrate thiosemicarbazidc derivatives and their structure has been determined using IR- and NMR'H spectroscopy.
7. Based on these studies, the synthesis of 33 new glycoside- containing derivatives of alkaloids cytisine, L-ephedrine and D- pseudoephedrine and certain heterocyclic amines. These compounds arc characterized by modem physicochemical methods of analysis.
8. Among the synthesized compounds substances having insecticidal, fungicidal, hcpatoprotective, and antimicrobial and other activities have been identified. Some of the synthesized compounds arc recommended for further in-depth biological testing for insecticidal, aphicidal and antibacterial and antioxidant activity.
9. As a result of research the technological scheme of obtaining substance N-P-D-glucopyranocytisinchas been created and also the laboratory technological regulation and adequate technical regulations have been worked out.

Objects of research: 18b-H glycyrrhizin acid and its salts, В SA, PSA, ASA, salicylic acid and benzoic acids, benzyl alcohol, phenol, and their supramolecular complexes.
Purpose of work: Creating a water-soluble, low-toxic of NSAIDs on the basis of supramolecular complexes of MASGA with ASA, with a wide therapeutic effect and non-ulccrogcnic action.
Methods of research: Bioorganic, supramolecular chemistry, chromatographic, physical and chemical (viscosimctry) and physical (optical spectroscopy).
The results obtained and their novelty: For the first time were obtained on the base of mono ammonium, monosodium, mono potassium derivatives of the glycyrrhizic acid with ASA, and supramolecular complexes of MASGA with PSA, BSA, SA, benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol and phenol at different ratios.
Hydrodynamic properties of water solutions of the MASGA and some its supramolecular complexes were studied. During obtaining of supramolecular complexes of MASGA with ASA (GLAS) in watcr-alcohol solution it is observed partial hydrolysis of ASA until to the SA.
Supramolecular complex of GLAS has high а-and y-intcrfcron activities, and its maximal titer during 12-48 hours reached to 2000-8000 units. It is shown that GLAS has anti-inflammatory activity and has not ulcerogenic action.
Practical value Created new preparate on the base of local row material could be highly effective medicinal drug.
The degree of implementation and economic effectivity: According to the developed experimental production regulations a 1.0 kg of GLAS substance is obtained. Pilot industrial regulations for medicinal forms of GLAS drugs arc developed (0.05 g tablets № 10, 20, and 0.5% 10-20 ml nasal drops). Normative and technical documents arc transferred to the Pharmaceutical Committee of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Field of applications: bioorganic chemistry, pharmaceutics and medicine.