Computer Science

This article describes information technologies used in technical systems and some features of information systems at work.
Concepts of information systems and information technologies and different features of these two concepts are presented. Also, a description of the processes taking place in the information system is given.

Distance learning is a type of education, which appeared in current information century and began to be used widely in the universities ofthe developed countries.Information and communication technologies are also widely used in higher education. This article details
the history of distance learning, the benefits, the differences between full-time and parttime forms of study, and the technology used in it. It is concluded that in order to apply distance learning in Uzbekistan as a separate form of education, it is necessary to make changes to laws and state educational standards and to use them as innovative organizers in higher education

The article discusses the possibilities of modern information technologies in the implementation of control activities by public authorities. The necessity of using digital technologies in the implementation of control procedures is argued, which will optimize the control mechanism. Information technologies make it possible to reduce the costs of controlled entities and increase the efficiency and transparency of control. The introduction of new forms of control activities is an important condition that allows public authorities to conduct remote monitoring of individuals and legal entities online and receive the necessary information about the real state of affairs.

Ushbu maqolada axborot xavfsizligi va uning tizimlarining asosiy komponentlari, axborotlashtirish vositalari va tizimlarining axborotga nisbatan xavfsizlik monitoringini o‘rnatish uchun bir qator parametrlarni aniqlash haqida ma’lumotlar keltirilgan.

The article considers the concept of information support of state environmental management at the present stage, its legal basis, the goals and principles of implementation are defined. All information about the environment for the purposes of information support of state environmental management is proposed to divide into statistical (information on the quantitative and qualitative side of environmental processes - registers, cadasters, environmental monitoring, etc.), and strategic (information of perspective character - management tasks, ways of solving the tasks, benchmarks, etc.). The differences in the formation of statistical and strategic environmental information, including legal support, are justified.

The aim of research work is development of criteria and methods of artificial intelligence based on nonlinear transformation of feature space in pattern recognition problems.
Scientific novelty of the research work is as follows:
- the method of forming nonlinear decision rules based on training data samples is developed;
- a methodology for comparing visualization results based on the compactness criterion is described. The compactness values arc determined by the results of partitioning the objects of each class into the minimal number of disjoint groups;
- an estimation of the complexity of the algorithm for dividing the values of quantitative features into disjoint intervals is obtained: taking into account the missing values and repeated values; with and without taking into account the preprocessing of data.
- the increase of the generalizing ability of the algorithm of the nearest neighbor during the transition from the initial description of objects to the space of latent features is proved;
- it is shown that with a hierarchical agglomeration grouping of features and non-linear mapping of thair values onto the numerical axis, formed the set of latent features and ordered in relation of their informativeness.

The aim of the study is to determine the nature and characteristics of information and legal risks in the context of digital transformation, geopolitical changes and countering the COVID-19 pandemic, which determine the main modern vectors for the further development of information law. The most significant attention in the work is paid to the application of the risk-based approach methodology in information law. Based on the study, the author concluded that it is necessary to consolidate the concept of “information risk” in the legislation, determine the procedure and criteria for categorizing and assessing risks in the field of information security, as well as developing legal mechanisms for overcoming and minimizing risks, which will increase the level of security of organizations and the state.

The article discusses the issue of developing the intellectual competence of gifted students through the use of information and communication technologies in the educational process.

This article contains the rationale for creating a digital trusted environment in the federal executive body as part of the information security system. The positive aspects of creating a digital trusted environment, as well as the legal grounds for ensuring its security, are revealed. Analysis of the provisions of the Doctrine of Information Security of the Russian Federation shows the main directions and features that have a direct impact on the creation of a digital trusted environment of federal executive authority.

The article discusses the mechanism for providing tax deductions for personal income tax in connection with replenishing an individual investment account, as well as tax deductions for receiving profit as a result of financial transactions on an individual investment account. It is concluded that the flexible system of tax benefits, as well as the simplicity of their registration, which is based on digital information exchange between tax authorities and financial organizations, makes this form of investment attractive for tax residents of Russia, which contributes to the influx of private investment into the Russian economy.

Мамлакатимизда олиб борилаётган ислоҳотлар натижаси ўлароқ сўнгги йилларда таълим тизимининг барча босқичларини замонавий талаблар асосида ташкил этиш бўйича амалий ишлар ҳал қилувчи босқичга кирди.

This article is dedicated to the application of modern educational technologies aimed at improving the quality of education and enhancing its educational significance in higher education institutions. The role, effectiveness, and challenges of implementing these technologies within educational institutions are analyzed. The article provides recommendations and suggestions for enriching the higher education system with innovative technologies, improving teaching methods, and enhancing their educational functions. This article aims to provide practical recommendations for organizing pedagogical processes in higher education more efficiently and effectively.

The relevance of the considered topic lies in the complexity of comparing the indicators of accounting (financial) statements for different time periods. The purpose of the study is to find a solution for presenting indicators reduced to the same date without changing the form of accounting (financial) statements. The authors analyzed approaches to improve data comparability and proposed a solution that would expand the presentation of accounting (financial) statements represented in business intelligence systems and services. The development has an applied focus and is intended for use in specialized software.

The aim of the research work is to develop recommendations and proposals for improving the processes of effective organization of the functioning of integrated information systems in the activities of the treasury bodies.
Scientific novelty' of the research work consists of the following provisions: improved stages of input, processing, analysis and presentation of primary data on the basis of expanding the functional capacities of integrated information systems of treasury bodies;
improved econometric models of the processing of financial and economic information in integrated information systems of treasury bodies, which allows the transition from disparate data sets for the execution of budgets accumulated in the offices of the republican treasury and located throughout the country, to unified databases;
the methodology for implementing treasury integrated information systems in the context of the formation of a single information space based on «Electronic Government» platform is improved;
proposed the technology for effective information interaction of the integrated information system of the treasury with informational systems of government, which allows to avoid duplication of functional operations in business processes of transfering reports and directories from one database to another republican treasury.

Maqolada oliy ta’lim muassasalarida ishga mahkamachilik asosida yondoshishning salbiy oqibatlari tahlil qilinib, o‘qish va o‘rganishda talabalar faolligini oshirishning ayrim qirralari yoritib berilgan.

Ushbu maqolada talabalarda tanqidiy fiklashni rivojlantirishga qaratilgan zamonaviy pedagogik texnologiya LAT – loyihaga asoslangan ta’lim, uning afzalliklari va qiyinchiliklari haqida umumiy ma’lumot berilgan bo‘lib, loyihaga asoslangan ta’lim texnologiyasi orqali kasbiy ko‘nikmalarni takomillashtirish usullari keng yoritilgan.

The article is devoted to the problems of introducing information technologies into the system of Russian justice and into individual public authorities. The significance of the principle of accessibility of justice in modern conditions of protection of violated rights, freedoms and legitimate interests is analyzed. Attention is paid to an interdisciplinary approach to the development of the electronic justice model in the Russian Federation. The author also formulated conclusions and suggestions based on the results of the study.

The article explores the directions of development of the mechanism for implementing the rule-making principle of science through the use of elements of digitalization of the state and law. There is a proposal for an open electronic database of scientists’ rule-making proposals, for crowdsourcing technologies in the interaction of the scientific community and rule-making bodies on the preparation and peer review of legal acts. The article also contains a proposal on the information openness of scientific activity in rule-making.

Digitalization affects not only human life, but also his consciousness, including legal culture. The purpose of the study is to identify the main trends in changes in legal culture, which are proceeding relatively slowly. Among the main trends one can identify the “split” of the legal culture of the individual, the rethinking of the role of the lawyer in the professional legal culture, the indirect influence of non-human entities on the dynamics of mass legal culture, the emergence of new forms of legal communication and forms of dominant behavior. Therefore, the state needs soft control over relevant trends.

Today, the transformation of personal needs is taking place on the Internet, media products, video games, social networks, marketing activities that arouse the interest of the general public. Global popularity, the status of modern networks, and the impact of social networks on our traditional moral and aesthetic values are issues that require special study. The tools of cyberspace play a key role in satisfying personal aesthetic needs and changing the aesthetic worldview. In connection with the need of people to communicate using the technical capabilities of the Internet, a new area and direction called “Social Networks” has been formed. Social networks, which originally served only to communicate with anyone, are now becoming an incomparable tool for people to respond to social and political changes taking place in society with their advanced thoughts.

Pest detection systems are important tools for crop yields. Because they serve as robust techniques while preventing some damages there. In this paper, some image pre processing techniques are discussed and efficient methods are described.

This article delves into the application of the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm in image classification within the realm of machine learning. It explores how KNN, a simple yet effective algorithm, can be utilized to classify images based on their features and similarities to other data points in a dataset.

Artificial intelligence (Al) is becoming an integral part of everyday life, actively influencing many aspects of human activity. Al technologies are used to automate routine tasks, improve the quality of service and enhance convenience in various fields, such as medicine, education, transportation, finance and entertainment. For example, voice assistants, recommendation systems, smart homes and chatbots significantly simplify the performance of daily tasks. However, along with the benefits, Al raises questions related to ethics, privacy and data security. The impact of artificial intelligence on the labor market raises concerns about replacing human labor, while the rapid development of technology generates the need to adapt to new conditions. This topic emphasizes the importance of studying the benefits and risks associated with the implementation of Al, as well as developing strategics for its effective use to improve the quality of life and minimize possible threats. Keywords: Artificial intelligence (Al), machine learning, deep learning, automation, smart devices, robotics, data analysis, computer vision, chatbots, digital transformation, social networks and algorithms.

The article is devoted to the practical use of geoinformation systems capable of providing high-quality environmental assessment and environmental expertise. Up-to-date and informative data on the state of the environment (environmental data) are significant for solving problems in the environmental quality management system. In Russia, the possibility of creating and using such systems in ecology is provided for at the legislative level. The author substantiates the importance of geoinformation ecological systems in the planning of economic activity.

This article explores the process of generating an Al model for object detection in images. It delves into the intricacies of data preprocessing, model selection, training methodologies, and evaluation metrics. By understanding these steps, developers can create robust object detection systems capable of identifying objects accurately in various contexts.