No. 07 (2025) Volume 05 Issue 07

This research investigates the interconnected themes of punishment, guilt, and forgiveness in the literary works of John Milton and Abdulla Oripov. Although they come from distinct cultural and historical backgrounds, both writers delve into these universal moral themes, employing poetic language to examine spiritual shortcomings, divine justice, and the concept of redemption. Through a comparative analysis of their literature, the study underscores how Milton’s theological principles and Oripov’s national-religious perspective reveal comparable moral structures, albeit articulated through different symbolic frameworks. The results indicate a transcultural dialogue concerning sin and salvation that enhances global literary comprehension.

The object of this research is the theory of speech acts as a key component of pragmatic linguistics. The article investigates the evolution and structure of speech act theory, tracing its development from the foundational ideas of J.L. Austin — particularly the distinction between locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts — to J.R. Searle’s refinements involving propositional content and felicity conditions. Central notions explored include illocutionary force, communicative intention, and the classification of speech acts based on their function and effect. The study further reviews the contributions of modern scholars such as D. Wunderlich, G.G. Pocheptsov, G. Leech, and others, who expanded the traditional categories by introducing additional types (e.g., erothetives, retractive acts, vocatives) and integrating sociopragmatic variables. By analyzing selected examples from Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens, the article demonstrates how speech acts function within literary discourse and reflect broader communicative strategies. The practical relevance of speech act theory is emphasized through its application to both real-world and fictional interactions.

This article explores the specific challenges related to grammar that arise in the process of simultaneous interpreting. It highlights how grammatical complexities—such as syntactic structures, verb tenses, agreement, and sentence construction—can hinder the interpreter's ability to produce accurate and coherent translations in real-time. The article emphasizes that grammatical difficulties may lead to misinterpretations, omissions, or delays, thereby impacting communication effectiveness.

This article examines the argumentative and descriptive discourse types, as well as similes, in Alisher Navoi’s “Hayrat ul-Abror” and their linguocultural characteristics. The study draws on contemporary linguistic fields, such as cognitive linguistics and linguoculturology, employing qualitative analysis of the epic’s texts. Findings indicate that discourse types bridge Sufi ideas and Uzbek culture, while similes enrich poetic imagery. The discussion evaluates the significance of these elements in literary and linguistic contexts. The research contributes to Uzbek literary studies and linguistics.