Volume 02 Issue 04-2022
1
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
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2771-2834)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
01-09
SJIF
I
MPACT
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(2022:
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OCLC
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METADATA
IF
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ABSTRACT
We know that English is one of the second most spoken languages in the world. The number of learners of this
language is growing day by day. In almost every corner of the world, many speak and understand English. English is
also the number one digital language of communication. Therefore, it is very important to teach English to the
younger generation for our country to be among other countries in this period of rapid development.
KEYWORDS
Reading exercises, listening exercises, interactive games, language learning process.
INTRODUCTION
Teaching English is very important today. It is good
that language teaching starts at an early age.
However, to learn a language, you first need to have
some understanding of the language in the native
language. A child of 6-7 years of age, on the other
hand, does not yet have a sufficient understanding of
his native language, and in these periods it is carried
out only by teaching the simplest words, that is, by
increasing the vocabulary. A young child edits a word
in an imitation of the rules of pronunciation in English
and tries to repeat it. Because language is not just a
process that is learned, it is mastered. Because no one
is born knowing a language from the mother's womb,
Research Article
THE PECULIARITIES OF THE ENGLISH LITERARY LANGUAGE AND
FEATURES OF ITS TEACHING STANDARDS
Submission Date:
April 05, 2022,
Accepted Date:
April 10, 2022,
Published Date:
April 17, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijll/Volume02Issue04-01
Tashmatova Madina Abdukarimovna
Assistant, Department of Language Teaching, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.c
om/index.php/ijll
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 04-2022
2
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
01-09
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.829
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.914
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
but under the influence of the environment, the
language opens up with the language heard and the
language develops [1-3]. That’s why the earliest ways
to learn a language are by listening, repeating, and
engaging small speech units in dialogues. The
environment is the most important thing in language
learning, for example, children of a family whose
parents speak Russian at home learn Russian (without
any grammar rules). Therefore, creating such an
environment (at least only in lessons) in teaching
English is the most important thing that is required of
a teacher. If the process is carried out with
conversations, authentic, that is, reading exercises
with real-life examples, listening exercises, and
interactive games, firstly, the process of language
learning will be faster, and secondly, more effective.
In particular, if the teacher does not work with one
textbook, but conducts the educational process with
a variety of materials from different sources, the
student will have sufficient skills in the standard view
of English but also regional options [4-9].
Various problems can arise in the process of language
teaching. These can be seen in the learner’s age,
mental ability, interest, the potential for language
learning, and of course in the influence of the mother
tongue. Because Uzbek and English belong to
different language families in terms of their origin, a
learner whose mother tongue is Uzbek may be
distracted by lexical, grammatical, and phonetic
differences between the two languages in the early
stages of language learning. Because of the structure
of speech in the Uzbek language, the place of phrases
in sentences, and parts of speech, the rules of the law
of our language are completely different. That is why
the pedagogical and methodological skills of a
language teacher are the most important thing in
leading a learner to the goal of language learning.
Some wonder if I can learn. This can be done by
making the language learning process more
interesting and preventing such problems [8 - 13].
The work aims to identify and comparatively study the
specific features of the norm of teaching English and
the interregional variant of literary English based on
empirical materials specific to the English language
currently used in different regions, to develop
appropriate guidelines for language teaching
methods.
Literature revive
Many scholars have researched the subject of the
English literary language, the peculiarities of the norm
of its teaching, and the interregional variant of literary
English.
Among
them
are
A.A.Abduazizov,
A.A.Garntseva,
T.A.Rastorgueva,
I.P.
Ivanova,
L.P.Chaxoyan,
O.V.Aleksandrova,
A.D.Shveitser,
I.V.Arnold,
T.M.Belyaeva,
I.A.Potapova,
M.M.Makovskiy, G.B.Antrushina; Of the English
linguists Becks, Tony, Richard J.. Watts, Blake,
Burridge, Bernd Kortmann, Crowley, Crystal, Durkin,
Laura, JS Wells, Hickey, Raymond, Peter Trudgill,
Collins. American scientists Harder, S. Jane, Thomas
Sheridan, W.3 ^ rap, Jeremy, Hudson, Binder, David,
Tungsten, and Walt are also among the researchers
who have worked on this topic [12-15].
Materials and methods
The methods of comparative-typological, structural-
semantic,
lingvopragmatic,
lingvostylistic,
lingvocognitive,
lingvoculturological,
contextual,
deductive, inductive and statistical analysis were used
as methods of scientific analysis of the research. In
the process of language learning, it was noted that
explanations should also be given about the literary
variants of the language. Analyzes show that the
differences in language options, especially between
Volume 02 Issue 04-2022
3
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
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2771-2834)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
01-09
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.829
)
OCLC
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1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
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Publisher:
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Servi
American and British English, can give many learners
the misconception that one of the two words is a
mistake. That is why a list of the most commonly used
American and British English words should be given in
the process of developing vocabulary resources. After
all, let the reader understand that such differences are
not errors, but different variants of the language.
However, it is preferable to do more independent
reading exercises to become more aware of the
literary language options. Watching a variety of
movies, English-language magazines and newspapers
will also help you become more aware of the
language options. There are also cases where it is
difficult to understand the differences between the
two language variants without that context [15 - 19].
Problems are very common in similar speech units.
This is because most Britons do not express their
opinions directly so as not to be rude in speech. And
as a result, it can be difficult for a representative of
another nation to understand. Through this guide, you
can find out in what sense a sentence is used. The
following is a list of examples from this guidebook.
Table 1. The sentence can be used in different senses (guidebook)
The British say
What does a foreigner
understand
What the British actually mean
That was very brave of you!
She thinks I am very
courageous
You are insane!
Very interesting!
She seems to like the idea!
How boring!
Not bad for a first attempt!
She thinks it is quite good!
I hate it!
Ok! I will bear it in mind
She will probably do it!
I have forgotten it already!
I am sure it is all my fault!
She is accepting the
responsibility!
It is definitely your fault!
You must come over the dinner
sometime!
I have been invited for
dinner!
This is not an invitation.
I was a bit disappointed with
the result!
It doesn't really matter.
I am very angry.
I hear what you are saying
She accepts my point of
view.
I disagree and don’t want to
discuss it further
Ah huh(boshni ha alomati kabi
qimirlatish)
She agrees with me!
I am listening but don’t agree.
Oh, by the way, did you finish
the work?
This is not important.
This is very important.
Volume 02 Issue 04-2022
4
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VOLUME
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As can be seen from these examples, it is not always
easy to know what the interlocutor means when
speaking in English. The British, very polite, always
speak politely. However, examples in the sense of
irony remind the speaker to be careful when entering
into a conversation [20].
The term Received Pronunciation is used in the British
version of English, General American English is used
for the American English version, and Educated
Australian is used for the Australian version. One or
more dialects in the country are considered the most
acceptable and correct by the intelligentsia of the
national society. The term literary pronunciation is
commonly used by Russian and Ukrainian linguists,
while the term normative pronunciation is used by
British and American linguists. The term normative
pronunciation was coined by linguist V. Yu.
Parashchuk comments: We can interpret the standard
term of language users as follows: a dialect that is
absolutely correct and deemed appropriate for use in
the formal relations of society. Now English has its
regional dialects. In the UK there is a group of Scottish
dialects, northern, southern, and central dialects, in
the USA there is a group of Eastern, Mediterranean
(central), southeastern, middle, and western dialects.
Owners of the same dialect are connected by social
and geographical commonality; sometimes have a
general phonological character along with phonetic
and lexical peculiarities [20-24].
If we look at the example of English, it should be
noted that the oral form of the language has diversity
and diversity of pronunciation. Such variants of
language are shaped by communities at the level of an
entire nation, from small groups. Thus national
variants of the language are created. In interpreting
the concept of national options, we rely on A.D.
Schweitzer’s concepts. According to him, national
languages are a historical category that characterizes
the formation of the nation, and the development of
economic and political factors [25].
In other words, the national language is the language
of the nation, its standard form, and the language of
the nation's literature. National options vary due to
several internal and external factors. Behind any
innovation is, of course, pronunciation. Thus the
national variants of the English language differ from
each other mainly in sound, accent, and intonation. It
is known that in the territory of some states more
than once, in most cases two languages are used. An
example of this is the state of Canada - English and
French are the main languages of the society. This is
called bilingualism by linguists. (A state with a single
national language is called monolingualism.) In this
case, linguistic confusion occurs as a result of the
interaction of two languages (or dialects) in certain
situations [26].
Each national variant is divided into territorial and
regional dialects. Dialects differ from each other in
pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary. “Accent”
only means a difference in pronunciation. Therefore,
local accents emdiv some common features in
pronunciation and at the same time belong to
territorial and areal accent groups. For example, the
Yorkshire, Lancashire and Cheshire accents in the UK
make up the Northern Accent group. For certain
geographical, economic, political, and cultural
reasons, one of the dialects of a country is the
standard
language
of
the
nation,
and
its
pronunciation or accent is the accepted standard
pronunciation.
In particular, the London dialect became the standard
pronunciation (RP - Received Pronunciation) for
Britain [24-28].
Volume 02 Issue 04-2022
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VOLUME
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However, the country does not have a common
standard pronunciation form. It varies as a result of
interactions with other languages, as well as several
geographical, psychological, social, and political
influences.
For
example,
in
England
itself,
"conservative, general, advanced forms of accepted
pronunciation" differ [24-27].
Every society, from small groups to an entire nation,
has its social dialect, as well as its social accent. British
linguists suggest dividing society into the following
groups: upper group, upper-middle group, middle
group, lower-middle group, upper working group,
middle working group, lower working group.
Groups are also divided into different large and small
social classes (professional, educational, cultural,
young gender, etc.). As a result, each social class has
its own dialect and accent. D.A. Shahbagova
interprets such social dialects as "variants spoken by a
socially limited number of people" [30].
It has been proven that language tools are chosen
consciously or unconsciously based on the speaker’s
understanding
of
the
situation.
Individual
characteristics, cultural values, gender, and age
differences of language users are also important. The
individual speech of users of a language in a society is
called an idiolect. Schweizer distinguishes two
features of language based on social conditions -
stratification, i.e., the state of language’s dependence
on social structure, and situational, i.e., the state in
which language use is related to social content [25].
Each of the national variants of English has a regional
diversity and dialect. The dialect also includes an
accent. Accents are pronunciation patterns that a
particular language community uses in the process of
interaction. Owners of the same accent are usually 1)
connected by common social, and geographical
features and 2) exhibit the same type of phonological
features (sometimes with a limited amount of mutual
phonetic and lexical differences). Thus, the country-
specific pronunciation option includes a national
pronunciation standard and regional accents. The
accent always indicates from which region the linguist
is geographical. All English-speaking nations have a
Standard English pronunciation that is exactly what it
belongs to. There are several differences between
these options, along with a lot in common. The main
reason for this is the breadth of language distribution
and the diversity of local and ethnic conditions [31-35].
The diversity of English dialects prevalent around the
world was largely based on the British and American
variants. While the British English variant is based on
English used in England, Ireland, Wales, Scotland,
Australia, New Zealand, India, Pakistan, Malaysia,
Singapore and South Africa, the American (or North
American) variant is particularly specific to the United
States and Canada. Includes English. However, while
certain aspects of the English language used in
Canada are very close to the British English variant,
conversely, some peculiarities of the English language
used in Ireland can also be found in the North
American English variant. There is also a significant
difference between the standard British English
version and the standard Indian English version [35 -
39].
However, it should be noted that although no group
composition is fully proportional to each other, it can
be seen that several commonalities are based on the
British and American variants [39 - 42].
New Zealand and Australian pronunciation types are
based on British English variant standards. In Canadian
pronunciation standards, however, some features of
the American English variant are noticeable.
Canadians, like Americans, often use retroflex [r] and
Volume 02 Issue 04-2022
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hard [l] and pronounce the sound [æ] instead of [a:].
Some
linguists
believe
that
the
Canadian
pronunciation variant is based on American
pronunciation standards. Criteria for teaching English
normative pronunciation standards. Today, the
processes of globalization and integration taking
place all over the world are increasing the need for
foreign languages to be learned by the peoples of the
world. In the context of expanding international
relations and the exchange of scientific and technical
information, the translation process is seen as a
multifaceted activity designed to overcome not only
language but also cultural barriers. On the one hand,
translation is a type of communicative activity that
performs an important social function between two
different
languages
and
different
societies.
Translation, on the other hand, is a complex
multifaceted phenomenon, some aspects of which are
the subject of research in various disciplines. In
particular, it serves as a means of intercultural
communication. The internationalization of the
English language greatly contributes to the
dissemination
of
scientific
and
technical
achievements, especially in the development of
internal and external relations in developing and other
countries. However, despite this, the London-based
Economist magazine and the Financial News
frequently publish articles about misunderstandings
or misunderstandings that take place in official
negotiations. Stephen Hagen, the author of Formal
Communication across Borders, said one in five British
exporters faces linguistic challenges in international
relations. He calls his native English, the “two-edged
sword,” and emphasizes that it is not only the most
common language in official communication in the
world but also widely used in all situations of life. A
1996 study by the British government found that the
use of the British English variant was higher than that
of the International English version, with several
linguistic problems encountered. This is because it is
natural for two cultures, one of which is a mother
tongue, to misunderstand each other.
The national variants that have emerged based on the
American and British variants of English, and the
variety of standard forms in them, raise the question
of which of these standards is most appropriate for
teaching English. Which pronunciation norms allow
language learners to communicate freely. in which, of
course, language learners must have a good model in
order to achieve universality of understanding. It is
known that the standard American English version
and the standard Australian version are quite different
from each other, in turn, both of these options differ
from the accepted pronunciation norms. The
misunderstandings that can occur in the interaction of
different options owners (even users of the language
as a native speaker) are higher in the process of
communicating with users from English as a second
language or as a foreign language. Jenkins argues that
the harmonization of the pronunciation of English as a
second language variant occurs because of the need
to ensure international understanding.
While the main task at the initial stage of the teaching
process is to provide basic concepts about the
phonetic features, morphological and lexical and
syntactic structures of a foreign language, at a later
stage it is necessary to expand and deepen those
concepts. In this case, any phonetic or grammatical
event should be explained as a result of analyzing the
lexical unit of the language and comparing it with the
events in our native language. Comparing the
pronunciation of lexical units is of great importance
not only in giving interesting results but also in
identifying elements that are foreign to the
phonological system of the language.
Volume 02 Issue 04-2022
7
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
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VOLUME
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CONCLUSION
The teaching of English as a state language in the
period when it was and is not the state language is
closely connected with the development of science
and technology all over the world. It is no coincidence
that
every
cadre
who
considers
himself
knowledgeable in any field is required to know a
foreign language, especially English. The time requires
that a language learner, regardless of nationality or
region, knows Standard English and takes into
account its characteristics. Modern language changes
are also changing faster than in the past due to the
rapid development of science and technology.
A language learner should be aware of the different
aspects of English, especially British and American, to
learn the local features of the language from the very
beginning of language learning. In our opinion,
textbooks and manuals should also include chapters
that provide information about the local aspects of
the English language. After all, no language consists
only of grammatical rules of language; it contains
various linguistic ornaments - jargons, dialects,
dialects, dialectal words, phrases. As mentioned
above, features in such a language have an impact on
the development, enrichment, and popularity of the
language and, of course, create standard language
appearances later on. English, which is used as an
official language in more than 60 countries that have
gained and continue to dominate around the world,
also has a place and significance for the future. As the
demand for language consumption increases, its
interregional differentiation leads to different
territorial divisions.
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International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
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2771-2834)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
01-09
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.829
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.914
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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