International Journal Of Literature And Languages
46
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijll
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue07 2025
PAGE NO.
46-49
10.37547/ijll/Volume05Issue07-14
Relationship Between Real and Occasional Onomastic
Units
Andaniyazova Dilrabo Ruzikulovna
Doctor of Philosophy in Philological Sciences, Associate Professor, Institute of Uzbek Language, Literature and Folklore of the Academy
of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, senior researcher, Uzbekistan
Received:
19 May 2025;
Accepted:
15 June 2025;
Published:
17 July 2025
Abstract:
This article highlights some views on the study of occasionalisms in linguistics, as well as real names in
the onomastic system of language and occasional names created by creators, their features and differences.
Keywords:
Occasionalism, artistic onomastics, onomastic units, artistic text, real names, onomastic fund, artistic
intention.
Introduction:
Occasionalisms are important linguistic
units that create the expressiveness of a literary text.
One of their main features is that they are formed on
the basis of deviation from the norms of the literary
language.
After
all,
individuality,
novelty,
unexpectedness in the use of a particular word or
language units in general, or deviation from general
norms in artistic speech serves the manifestation of the
poetic task by creating expressiveness and attracting
attention.
In works on the study of literary texts, special attention
is usually paid to synonyms, homonyms, antonyms,
polysemous, historical and archaic words, dialectal
words, foreign and coarse words, which tend to be
poetically actualized. Among these means are
individual units created by the creator, which are words
and phrases that are the product of creativity, arising
depending on a specific speech situation. These units,
studied under the term occasionalism since the 50s of
the last century, were used in relation to constructions
that did not exist in the dictionary of the common
language and literary language, but were created and
used by a certain person in the speech process based
on the need for this situation and content. [1.36] The
Latin etymological basis of the word occasional means
"accident, possibility, temporariness." The main
feature of occasionalisms is that they are formed by the
requirements of a certain context and often have a
temporary character in an unnormalized form. [2.153]
V.Z.Panfilov especially emphasizes that occasional
words encourage a person not only to mental
knowledge, but also to emotional knowledge, that is, to
aesthetically perceive reality. [3.86] This criterion
applies specifically to literary texts, where occasional
units are directly related to the emotional-
expressiveness of reality according to the author's
intention.
A.G. Likov, who conducted effective research on
occasional words, shows the main features of such
units as follows: 1. Speech-relatedness. 2. Adaptability
for single use. 3. Abnormality. 4. Formation based on
word formation. 5. Abnormality. 6. Expressiveness. 7.
Nominativity. 8. Synchronous-diachronic mixing. 9.
Individuality. [4.6]
The scientist considers the specificity of speech as one
of the important features of occasional words and
writes about it: "All other features serve only for the
precise reflection of this general feature." [4.7] The
study of occasional lexicon allows us to understand
some regularities in the development of language, to
determine the manifestation of objective and
subjective aspects in the peculiarities of the creation of
exceptionally new words, to determine the essence of
the communicative requirements of word creation, to
determine the reasons for the transition or non-
transition of words from temporary, that is, from the
individual sphere, to a stable system, that is, to the
general norm, to reveal the features of the artistic and
aesthetic tasks of the temporary word-performer.
As can be seen from the research conducted on
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International Journal Of Literature And Languages (ISSN: 2771-2834)
occasional units, since the opinions related to these
units have long been related to the language and style
of the work of art, in particular, the author's idiostyle,
word usage skills, and so on, most of them were
research on the style of artistic speech and poetics.
When studying the artistic language skills of creators, it
is necessary to study the specially created, created,
individual words or phrases, as well as the creative use
of speech in general. Therefore, in the initial research
on this topic, units characteristic of a particular creator,
not used by others, were widely studied as a
manifestation of the author's artistic skill [5.78-79; 4]
In linguistics, occasionalisms are studied on the basis of
various approaches. In particular, a number of studies
have been conducted on their functional and
methodological features. From a functional-stylistic
point of view, occasional units mainly serve to increase
the expressiveness of the text, create imagery, or
reflect individual style. Occasionalisms are often found
in literary and journalistic texts. In recent years, their
activation has also been observed in social networks
and the mass communication environment. Therefore,
the study of occasional units in interdisciplinary
connection is relevant for modern linguistics. This
article focuses on occasional onomastic units and their
differences and interrelationships with real names in
the standard onomastic system.
The onomastic scope of a literary text consists mainly
of real (stable) names. The occurrence of occasional
names along with them gives the reader artistic
pleasure.
The use of onomastic units in a literary text for specific
purposes is not a phenomenon that appeared
yesterday or today. There are also scientific sources
about the use of onomastic units for various purposes
in examples of ancient literature. [6.108] For example,
the linguist A.A. Fomin writes that in ancient literature,
names were of particular importance, considered not
only from the point of view of language, but also as a
means of artistic expression: "In any case, already in the
period of ancient literature, onomastic units began to
acquire important significance. They were studied
alongside linguistic problems, and a number of issues
related to the artistry of modern literary onyms were
also addressed. For example, for Horacio, the proper
name was an extremely important means of depiction.
When naming an object, he focused on how much it
expresses its characteristic features."[6.109] A.A.
Fomin cites the name Novius (New) as an example,
which was used for a specific purpose in Goratio's
satirical work.
According to the Tatar linguist G. Zinnatullina,
"whether there is a real name in a work of art or a
temporary name, everything has a certain significance.
Even without a poetic purpose, anthroponyms in a
work of art inform the naming culture of a particular
people and determine the onomastic scope of the work
of art. The scholar, dividing the anthroponyms in the
works of the Tatar-Bashkir writer A. Yeniki into three
categories, takes into account the features of real and
temporary names:
1.
Descriptive
names.
This
includes
artistic
anthroponyms specifically used in the work of art,
corresponding to the character of the hero.
2. Hidden descriptive names. This includes names that
perform an ideological function. This type of name
expresses hidden expression. 3. Poetic anthroponyms
of a neutral nature. This includes anthroponyms that
perform a nominative function.
As can be seen from the classification, in any
anthroponym in a work of art, expressiveness is
expressed openly or covertly, or is used completely
neutrally. Outside the literary text, real anthroponyms
usually have a neutral character. Also, not all real
names in a literary text can be called a unit of poetic
significance, that is, a poetonym. However, when the
author expresses a certain artistic intention by referring
to the appellative meaning of real names, the name
becomes poetically actualized, and its various functions
are activated. For example, in A. Qahhor's story "The
Thief," the name Qobil, which is the appellative basis of
the name, refers to the character and behavior of the
hero through the meaning of "obedient; meek,
faithful": Ellikboshi saw the thief's hole again.
Grandfather Qobil, with folded hands, walked behind
him and wept... In the evening, Grandfather Qobil
decided to go to the amin. A dry spoon tears the mouth.
How much money can one take to Amin?... Grandfather
Qobil emptied his wallet, gave everything to the group
leader, and offered many more blessings. A. Qahhor,
"The Thief."
Real names occur as proper names of people, places,
creatures, planets, etc., and are inherited from
ancestors to descendants. Occasional names are
onomastic units that are usually found in a literary text,
woven by a certain creator, and used once. In recent
years, such names have become more frequent on
social networks and in media texts. The main feature of
occasional onomastic units is characterized by the fact
that they are units of individual speech. Real names
serve to distinguish people and places in society from
each other. If the meaning of the name is dominant in
them, then in occasional onomastic units the
expressiveness is stronger than the nominative.
Occasional onomastic units, as a poetic tool, enhance
the expressiveness of the text and give it unique
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originality, and also perform the function of conveying
information. In this case, they deliver an unexpected
new message to the listener or reader. The content of
this message reflects a person's specific activity and
character. Real onomastic units are stable in the
onomastic system of the language and in society and
are constantly used. Temporary onomastic units do not
exist permanently in the language system, but are
characteristic of a certain speech situation and are
characterized by their temporary use. Such names are
created by creators or speakers for a specific creative
or communicative purpose.
Temporary onomastic units and real onomastic units
differ from each other in the following aspects:
1. By application. Real onomastic units belong to the
onomastic system of the language and are usually
found in everyday life, documents, maps, historical
sources. For example: personal names (Nargiza,
Ahmad), place names (Bukhara, Fergana), river or
mountain names (Sirdaryo, Zarafshan), names of
historical figures (Amir Temur, Jaloliddin Manguberdi).
Temporary onomastic units are a product of individual
creativity, found in a literary text, and are usually not
found in the onomastic system of the language. For
example: Oldi Sottiyev, Tijoratxon, Ranjkom, Vallamat
Vallamatovich, G‘uliston, Mustayiston.
2. By function. Real names serve to distinguish people
and places in society from each other. If the meaning of
the name is dominant in them, then in temporary
onomastic units, the expressiveness is stronger than
the nominative. Occasional onomastic units, as a poetic
tool, ensure the expressiveness of the text.
3. According to observation in language and speech.
Real onomastic units are considered linguistic units.
Occasional onomastic units are words created in the
speech process and are characterized by their one-time
and temporary use. Such names are created by authors
or speakers for a specific artistic or communicative
purpose.
4. By manufacture. Real names are ready in the
language. Temporary onomastic units are usually
created on the basis of national onomastic traditions,
sometimes deviating from them.
5. By content and essence. Real names usually have a
positive meaning. Temporary onomastic units express
both positive and negative content.
6. According to the expression of the color of novelty.
Real names do not have the color of novelty. They
become popular as conventional names. Temporary
onomastic units do not lose their novelty and attract
attention in terms of their unexpectedness and
unusualness.
7. According to the periodicity criterion. Temporary
onomastic units are temporary, context-dependent,
and creatively created names, while real onomastic
units are permanently existing stable names that are
widely used and frequently referred to in language and
society.
There are also some other characteristics of occasional
onomastic units, which indicate that such units are
specifically intended for a literary text. In particular,
occasional onomastic units are characteristic of poetic
speech and reflect the individual style of the creator.
Names created appropriately and purposefully, in full
compliance with the laws of language development,
show the originality and uniqueness of the creator's
word usage. This testifies to the high level of his poetic
talent, his ability to subtly perceive the valuable riches
of language. It shows the creator's innovation in the
matter of artistic word.
Occasional onomastic units also demonstrate the
creator's skill in word creation. [7.222-239] There are
such unexpected names that the reader cannot help
but acknowledge their author. As noted in research on
occasionalisms, "thoughtfully and ingeniously created
occasionalisms, compared to lexical units, more clearly
show signs of the emotional world, create unique
images, and expressively express emotions." [8.107] O.
To'xtasinova provides several examples of such
skillfully crafted names. In particular, he provides an
analysis of the anthroponym Yaxshi Yaman as a
temporary name in the following way: "Yaxshi Yaman is
formed on the basis of an antonymic pair. By taking the
word "yomon" as "yomon" (a form used in oral speech)
and adding the suffix "-iy," a comical image is created.
[8.108]
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, it should be noted that occasional
onomastic units are created and used by creators in
order to express their thoughts and goals in a unique
and clear way, to show all the facets of the depicted
image, and to vividly express their subjective attitude
towards them, that is, their feelings. Such names are
created when the possibilities of the language in
describing the image object do not satisfy the speaker.
In general, onomastic units in a literary text are not
limited to naming specific objects in the reader's mind.
In fact, if the names in the literary text are used
correctly, their possibilities are very wide. In this
regard, it is especially noteworthy that the poetic
possibilities of occasional onomastic units are wide. It
is advisable to study them separately in terms of their
manifestation in various situations in a literary text, the
tasks they perform, and the ability to express the large
amount of information that needs to be said.
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