International Journal Of Literature And Languages
60
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijll
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue02 2025
PAGE NO.
60-63
10.37547/ijll/Volume05Issue02-18
Expressive means in the novel "IKKI ESHIK ORASI"
Khaydarova Feruza
Lecturer at Jizzakh Polytechnic Institute, Uzbekistan
Received:
24 December 2024;
Accepted:
26 January 2025;
Published:
28 February 2025
Abstract:
This article discusses the concept of expressiveness and the role of expressive means in literary works.
It analyzes the expressive stylistic devices used in the novel "Ikki Eshik Orasi" by O‘tkir Hoshimov, which is
significant due to its wide scope and emotional closeness to the reader. The study examines how these devices
contribute to the emotional depth of the artistic text.
Keywords:
Expressive means, expressiveness, linguistic sign, nominative units, speech subject, metaphor and
symbols, expressive function.
Introduction:
Expressive means hold a special place in
literary works. A literary text is inherently
multifunctional. It integrates the aesthetic function
along with other layers such as communicative,
expressive, pragmatic, and emotive functions,
enhancing rather than replacing one another.
Unlike natural language usage, the language of literary
texts follows its own set of rules. The issue of
expressiveness in literary texts is one of the key
challenges in modern linguistics, as it serves as a
method of providing distinctive expressiveness to the
speech and language of the characters in a work.
Expressiveness, which is studied in the paralinguistic
field of linguistics, is a characteristic feature of specific
linguistic units at various levels of the language.
Through expressive means, the author can more fully
and accurately convey their attitude toward the objects
and events being described, emphasizing the main idea
of the work more clearly and drawing the reader’s
attention to the most important aspects from their own
perspective. In this
way, an author’s overall worldview
can be understood through a series of literary works.
Additionally, expressive means allow the "speech
subject" to influence the "listener", guiding their
perception and understanding of the text.
The expressive function is one of the primary tasks
performed by a linguistic sign, as it reflects the
speaker's emotional state and their subjective attitude
toward certain objects and events in reality. Language
does not only express thoughts but also conveys
human emotions. The expressive function also includes
the emotional coloring of speech within the boundaries
of social norms and etiquette. Many linguists consider
this function to be one of the most essential aspects of
language.
The Uzbek literary language, especially in the field of
artistic literature, possesses rich expressive qualities.
In linguistics, when studying the semantic structure of
nominative units, special attention is given to the
connotative aspect of semantics. V. N. Teliya, who
conducted a monographic study on this subject,
defines connotation as:
"A semantic essence that enters the semantics of
linguistic units either habitually or occasionally,
expressing the speaker’s evaluative, emotional, and
stylistic attitude toward reality in a statement and
acquiring expressive value based on this information."
There are various approaches to interpreting the
concept of expressiveness.
Scholars such as I. V. Arnold, E. S. Aznaurova, and Yu.
M. Skrebnev classify expressiveness as a stylistic
category. On the other hand, N. A. Lukyanova, A.
Wierzbicka, and V. G. Gak view expressiveness as a
semantic phenomenon.
Some researchers consider expressiveness to be one of
the functions of language, including R. O. Jakobson, A.
A. Reformatsky, R. O. Piotrovsky, and A. A. Metzler,
who categorize expressiveness under pragmatic
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
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International Journal Of Literature And Languages (ISSN: 2771-2834)
categories.
R. O. Jakobson and V. Mathesius differentiate
expressiveness from emotiveness, interpreting it as a
single-component phenomenon, whereas others
equate it with evaluativity.
Scholars who view expressiveness as a multi-
component phenomenon regard figurativeness and
emotionality as its structural elements (V. V.
Vinogradov, N. A. Lukyanova).
The interest in the external form of text expressiveness,
as well as the various methods and means of its
construction, forms the foundation of research in this
field.
Expressiveness is understood as a means of
strengthening the content of a text, highlighting
specific information, and drawing attention to it.
According to many researchers, expressiveness is a
complex concept composed of key interacting
components
such
as
emotionality,
intensity,
figurativeness, and evaluativity.
Expressive Means Ensuring the Expressiveness of a
Literary Text
Expressive means in a literary text refer to the linguistic
and stylistic devices used by the author to convey their
thoughts, ideas, and imagery in a more vivid and
expressive manner. These devices help create a specific
atmosphere in the work, evoke emotional responses in
the reader toward the depicted events, and aid in
understanding the true essence of characters and
occurrences.
Expressive means play a crucial role in shaping the
emotionality of a literary text. They help convey
emotions and moods, as well as elicit strong feelings in
the reader. Based on their function, these expressive
means can be categorized as follows:
- Metaphors and Symbols:
Metaphors and symbols enhance the emotional
impact of a text by elevating it to an abstract or
figurative level. They allow the transmission of complex
emotional states through associations and similarities.
- Figurative Words:
The selection of words with rich emotional
connotations intensifies the reader’s engagement.
Such words carry strong emotional meanings or are
associated with specific feelings and states, fostering a
sense of empathy with the characters.
- Rhythm and Sound:
Rhythmic and phonetic arrangements in the text, such
as repetition (saj’), alliteration, rhyme, and assonance,
can generate emotional tension or give the text a
distinct melody. These devices evoke a wide range of
emotions, from anxiety, sorrow, and distress to joy and
tranquility.
Emotional Intonation and Tonality:
Certain intonational variations and pronunciation
techniques in narration or dialogue help convey the
emotional state of characters or the overall mood of
the text. For instance, using exclamation marks in
dialogue or depicting conversations spoken in anguish
or haste can emphasize the intensity of emotions.
Description of Characters' Physical Reactions and
Emotions:
Depicting facial expressions, gestures, postures, and
breathing patterns (such as gasping or deep breathing)
enables readers to better understand the characters'
emotional states and experience their feelings on a
deeper level.
Emotional Conflict and Tension:
Creating emotional contradictions between characters
or within a single character's inner world enhances the
emotional intensity of the text. The struggle between
love and hate, fear and courage, despair and hope
evokes strong emotions in readers.
Among
O‘tkir Hoshimov’s works, the novel “Ikki Eshik
Orasi” stands out for its emotional depth and
expressive stylistic devices that bring the text to life and
resonate deeply with the reader. The novel vividly
portrays nearly forty years of post-war Uzbek life,
illustrating intricate and complicated destinies shaped
by human dignity, the pain of losing loved ones, and the
strength of love.
For instance, in the first chapter, narrated through the
eyes of little Muzaffar, the sorrow and grief of “Qora
Amma”, wh
ose son never returned from the war, is
described in a way that deeply touches the reader’s
heart.
“Туршагимни еб бўлдим. Энди данак чақиш учун
ўрнимдан турмоқчи эдим, аммамнинг овози чиқиб
қолди. Менга гапиряпти, десам, ашула айтаётган
экан.
Дукур
-
дукур от келди,
От бошида хат келди.
Хатини ўқиб кўрсам,
Вой
-
вой билан дод келди.
Қизиқ, элак ҳам аммамнинг ашуласига мос
тапиллаётганга ўхшаб кетди. “Дукур
-
дукур от
келди...” Аммам яна жимиб қолди. Нафасининг
ғижиллаши кучайиб кетди. Деворга –
Кимсан
акамнинг суратига тезгина қараб қўйди
-
да,
хўрсинди, яна минғиллаб ашула айта бошлади:
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International Journal Of Literature And Languages (ISSN: 2771-2834)
Жон болам –
жоним болам, Оллога топширдим
сани,
Оҳимга Олло етмади, тупроққа топширдим сани.
Бу гал элакнинг тапиллаши ҳам сусайиб қолди. Энди
у секинроқ, оғирроқ чайқала бошлади. Худди “жон
бо
-
о
-
лам, жо
-
ним бо
-
о
-
лам” деяётгандай.
Аммам икки қўллаб элакни кўтариб ун ёпишган
билаги билан кўзини артди” .
In this passage, the phonetic technique of assonance
gives “Qora Amma”’s speech a sense of intonational
unity, musicality, and emotional-expressive depth.
Since “assonance is one of the phonetic techniques
used in artistic speech to provide intonational
coherence, melody, and emotional-
expressive effect,”
the mournful repetition of similar or identical vowels
creates a melancholic resonance that little Muzaffar
likens to the tapping of a sieve. Additionally, the
phonetic technique of vowel elongation (jon bo-o-lam,
jo-nim bo-o-lam) intensifies the meaning of sorrow and
separation.
Thus, the ability to use expressive devices in a literary
text is an essential skill for both writers and readers.
These techniques help us better understand and feel
the world around us, transforming literature into an
even more meaningful and impactful form of art.
Consequently, expressive devices play a crucial role in
establishing an emotional connection between the
author and the reader, enriching literary experiences,
and opening new horizons for creativity and
exploration.
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