International Journal of Management and Economics Fundamental
59
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijmef
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue 04 2025
PAGE NO.
59-63
10.37547/ijmef/Volume05Issue04-09
Modern Computer Laboratory Technologies and Their
Role in Medicine
Atakhanov Sanjarbek Anvarovich
Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health Department of “Biomedical Engineering, Biophysics and Information Technologies”,
Uzbekistan
Asalkhon Alijonova daughter of Sokhibjon
Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, Uzbekistan
Received:
26 February 2025;
Accepted:
21 March 2025;
Published:
25 April 2025
Abstract:
Modern computer laboratory technologies are increasingly becoming an integral part of the medical
field. With the rapid development of information technologies, many stages of laboratory processes are being
automated, which significantly contributes to the efficiency of diagnostics and treatment. This topic highlights the
role of modern computerized laboratory equipment, automated analyzers, artificial intelligence, and data
processing systems in medical research and laboratory work. Moreover, it discusses the computer software used
in laboratories, databases, real-time access to analysis results, their storage, processing, and decision-making
technologies that assist medical professionals. These technologies not only ensure accuracy and speed but also
reduce human- related errors. Through this analysis, the practical significance of laboratory technologies in
diagnostics, epidemiology, pharmacology, and other medical areas is revealed. The aim is to provide a broad
understanding of the theoretical and practical foundations of modern laboratory technologies, their advantages,
fields of application, and future development directions.
Keywords:
Computer laboratory technologies, medical information technologies, automated diagnostics, artificial
intelligence in medicine, laboratory analyzers, biochemical analysis, digital medicine, database, medical sofrware,
laboratory automation, analysis result management, diagnostic systems, clinical laboratory technologies, medical
information systems.
Introduction:
Information technologies are present
everywhere around the world. In particular, they play a
significant role in the field of medicine. Modern
information technologies have a positive impact on
developing new methods for organizing medical care
for the population. Many countries have long been
actively using new technologies in the healthcare
sector. Teleconsultations for patients and staff, sharing
patient
information
between
different
institutions,remote
monitoring
of
physiological
indicators, and real-time observation of information
technologies
in
medicine.
This
takes
the
informatization of healthcare to a new stage of
development and encompasses all areas of its
operations.
Today, the use of various forms of information
exchange in medicine is one of the most pressing
issues. Regulating these processes allows for
automated
information
exchange
within
the
healthcare system, increasing the efficiency of medical
personnel and improving the quality of patient services.
To manage information flows, information systems
have been developed within the healthcare sector. An
information system is a structured combination of
documents and information technologies, including
computing equipment and communication tools used
to process information.
The purpose of medical information systems is to
International Journal of Management and Economics Fundamental
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International Journal of Management and Economics Fundamental (ISSN: 2771-2257)
support various tasks in providing medical care to the
population, managing medical institutions, and
ensuring information exchange in the overall
information management of the healthcare system.
METHOD
Today, the use of information technologies in medicine
plays an important role in solving medical problems,
conducting treatment and scientific-practical activities
at a high-quality level, and in training professionals who
can properly utililize information technologies in their
work.
Modern Technologies and new discoveries in medicine
contribute to the delivery of high-quality technical
services to the population. Innovations in the medical
field are of great significance In medicine, modern
technologies encompass not only the latest medical
devices but also integrated networks and software
systems that automate all workflows. The most
advanced technologies enable the performance of
complex operations, facilitate medical surveys,
accelerate the processing of laboratory analyses, allow
for remote patient consultations, and expand
diagnostic possibilities.With the help of specialized
software, medical centers can efficiently manage
interactions with patients, track their health status, and
ensure effective communication. These systems help
control.
Modern technologies and new discoveries in medicine
lead to the provision of high-quality technical services
to the population. Innovatsions in the field of medicine
are of great importance. Modern technologies in
medicine include not only the latest medical
equipment, but also networks and software that
automate all workflows. The most advanced
technologies enable the performance of complex
operations and surveys, accelerate the processing of
laboratory tests, provide opportunities for remote
consultatins, and allow more extensive patient
monitoring.
With the help of special programs, medical centers can
efficiently interact with clients, monitor their health
status, and ensure seamless communication. These
systems
help
manage
departments,
monitor
pharmaceutical warehouses, carry out accounting
operations with patients and staff, and handle other
types of medical practices.In recent , computer
technologies have been widely used in almost all areas
of life, including medicine. Especially in the field of
laboratories, these technologies play an important role
in optimizing diagnostic and treatment processes.
Today
almost
all
modern
laboratories
are
computerized, operating based on automated systems,
artificial intelligence, and information technologies are
bringing revolutionary changes to work of doctors and
provide patients with fast and high-quality medical
care.
Types of Computer Laborory Equipment:
a) Automated Laboratory Equipment:
. Biochemical analyzers
. Hematology analyzers (for blood tests)
. Immunoassay analyzers (ELISA)
. Coagulometers (for studying blood coagulation)
. PCR devices (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
These devices are controlled by computers, and the
analysis results are recorded automatically.
b) Laboratory Information Systems (LIST)
. Electronic registration of all laboratory analyses
. Storage, comparison, and analysis of test results
. Quick access to patient medical history and decision-
making based on test outcomes
c) Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning:
. Analysis of pathological images
. DNA and RNA data analysis
. Diagnosis based on big data
d) Bionformatics Software:
. Genome analysis
. Detection of hereditary diseases
Personalized Medicine -Treatment Planning Based on
Individual Approach Role in Medicine:
a) Improve Diagnostic Accuracy:
. Reduces human error in diagnosis
. Performs complex analyses in a short amount of time
b) Saves Time and Resources:
. Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) help guide
clinical decisions
d) Enhances Patient Safety:
. Improves accuracy and reliability of results
. Reduces errors in treatment
What is Tomography ?
Tomography is a medical diagnostic technique that
allows for layer-by
–
layer imaging of the internal
structure of the human div. Using this method,
internal organs, bones, tissues, and blood vessels can
be clearly visualized. The term is derived from
Greek:”tomos” meaning “layer” and “graphien”
meaning ‘to draw or image . “It involves imaging by
using any type of penetrating wave. Tomography is
used not only in medicine but also in fields such as
radiology, archaeology, oceanography, plasma physics,
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International Journal of Management and Economics Fundamental (ISSN: 2771-2257)
materials science, astrophysics, quantum information,
and others.
The device used in tomography is called a tomograph
and the image it produces is known as a tomogram.
Main Types Tomography :
a)
Computed tomography (CT):
. Uses X-rays to capture multiple-angle images of the
div
. Computer compiles the images into a 3D model or
cross-sectional view of internal organs
. Applications:brain,lungs, abdominal cavity, bones and
tumor detection
b)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ( MRI)
. Uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to
visualize internal tissues
. Does not use X-rays making it safer
. Applications:brain, spine, muscles, joints, heart, and
soft tissues
c)
Positron Emission Tomography (PET):
Displays the metabolic activity of organs using
radioactive isotopes.
Often used in combination with CT or MRI
Applications:early detection and monitoring of cancer,
neurological, and cardiovascular diseases.
d)Optical Coherence tomography (OCT):
Examines eye tissues with micron-level precision.
Applications:in
ophthalmology
(eye
diseases),
dermatology and dentistry.
How does tomography work?
CT:The patient lies inside a rotating X-ray scanner that
captures images from multiple angles. A computer
processes these images to create cross-sectional views.
MRI:In a strong magnetic field, the divs tissues
respond to radio waves. These signals are analyzed by
specialized computers.
PET: A radioactive substance is injected into the
patient. The distribution of this substance in the div
reveals the presence and activity of diseases.
Advantages of Tomography:
. Detailed internal organ visualization
. Ability to analyze layer by layer
. Early detection of tumors, swelling, bleeding and
fractures
. Allows accurate planning before surgeries
. Enables real-time monitoring of disease progression
Capabilities of Modern Tomography Devices:
. 3D and 4D tomography: Theree-dimensional (and
real-time motion) imaging of organs
.
Systems
integrated
with
artificial
intelligence:Automated diagnosis support
Portable CT/MRI machines:On-site examination
without moving the patient
. Telemedicine integration:Remote analysis of
diagnostic images
Practical Applications:
. In traumatology:detecting bone and brain injuries
. In oncology:early tumor detection and treatment
monitoring
. In neurology:identifying strokes, multiple sclerosis,
epilepsy
. In cardiology:evaluating the condition of blood
vessels and the hearth
Sound Visualization
Sound visualization refers to a set of techniques used
to display sound characteristics, typically involving a 2D
projection of a 3D discrete data set -usually a 3D scalar
field. This dataset often consists of a series of 2D slice
images acquired through medical scanning devices
such as CT, MRI, or MicroCT. These slices are usually
captured at regular intervals and contain a uniform
number of psixels, forming a structrured volumetric
grid. Each volumetric element, or voxel, is represented
by a single value sampled from the space it occupies.
To create a 3D projection from a 2D dataset, the
position of a virtual camera relative to the volume must
first be defined. Additionally, each voxel’s transparency
and color must be specified. This is typically done using
a transfer function, which maps each possible voxel
value to an a RGBA (Res, Green, Blue, Alpha) value,
allowing for intuitive rendering of the dataset.
Computed Tomography CT in Pediatrics
CT is commonly used in pediatrics to detect congenital
anomalies and various childhood diseases.
Working Principle:
. High -resolution imaging of soft tissues, bones, blood
vessels, lungs,liver, kidneys, other internal organs
. Evalution of the cardiovascular system using CT
angiography
. Detection and monitoring of cancer and its spread
. Identification of internal injuries and hemorrhages
Advantages:
. Very fast and accurate.
. Ability to obtain multiple cross-sectional images.
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International Journal of Management and Economics Fundamental (ISSN: 2771-2257)
. A3D scanner uses X-rays. The scanner rotates around
the div and emits X-rays from various angles. These
rays, after passing through the div, are detected by
sensors and converted into three-dimensional (3D) or
cross-sectional (2D) images using a computer.
Areas examined with CT:
. Brain:tumors, hemorrhage, stroke, brain swelling.
. Lungs:lung cancer, pneumonia, embolism.
. Heart and blood vessels:coronary arteries, aortic
aneurysm, embolism.
. Abdominal cavity:liver, kidneys, stomach, spleen,
intestinal dideases.
. Bones and joints:fractures, tumors, osteoporosis.
. Oncology:tumor size, metastases, condition of lymph
nodes.
. Provides very fast and accurate results (it is possible
to scan the entire div within 1-2 minutes).
. 3D reconstruction capability -very helpful before
surgeries or biopsies.
. Highly effective in detecting internal bleeding,
fractures, or tumors.
. Minimally invasive
–
allows full diagnostics without
any incisions.
Disadvantages:
. Radiation exposure:CT involves a higher dose of
radiation compared to standard X-rays.
. Requires caution in pregnant women.
. There may be allergic reactions to contrast agents (if
contrast-enhanced CT is performed)
. CT scans use a large amount of radiation, significantly
higher than conventional X-rays.
. Repeated scans or prolonged exposure can pose
health risks- a slightly increased risk of cancer.
. Particulary risky for children, pregnant women and
young individuals.
Issues related to contrast agents:
. Special contrast liquids are used to obtain clearer
images. However:
In some cases, they may cause allergic reactions (mild
rashes, or in severe cases, anaphylactic shock).
In patients with impaired kidney function, contrast
agents may worsen their condition.
Some patients cannot tolerate contrast agents or may
experience significant discomfort.
To obtain clear images, special contrast liquids are
used. However:
. They may occasionally trigger allergic reactions (from
mild rashes to severe cases such as anaphylactic shock).
. In patients with impaired kidney function, contrast
agents can worsen their condition.
. Some individuals may not tolerate contrast materials
well or may experience significant discomfort.
CT scans provide clear visualization of bones, lungs and
dense structures; however,
. Soft tissues (such as muscles, the brain, joints) are not
as clearly visualized compared to MRI.
Sensitivity to Movement:
. The patient must remain still during the scan,
especially when examining the heart, lungs, or internal
organs.
. Children, elderly, or critically ill patients may find it
difficult to remain motionless, which can reduce image
quality.
CT equipment is very expensive, installation and
maintenance are complex.
. It does not reveal organ function or metabolic activity.
. For functional assessments, PET or MRI is preferred.
Risk during pregnancy:
CT scans are performed on pregnant women only when
absolutely necessary and with a doctor’s approval, as
radiation exposure may negatively affect fetal
development.
CONCLUSION
Computed tomography CT is a diagnostic tool that
stands out in modern medicine for its precision, speed
and versatility. However, it is not without limitations,
which must be carefully considered when making
clinical decisions. The presence of ionizing radiation,
the potential for allergic reactions to contrast agents,
limited clarity in imaging soft tissues and restricted
functional evaluation are among the notable
drawbacks of this technology. Therefore, CT
examinations should always be conducted with full
consideration of the patient’s overall condition and the
diagnostic goals.
It is essential that computed tomography (CT) be used
in alignment with the intended diagnostic purpose and
the availability of alternative methods. When selected
appropriately and performed with care, CT remains an
invaluable tool in the process of medical diagnosis and
treatment.
Today, computed tomography is consired one of the
most widely used modern diagnostic methods. It allows
for rapid and accurate visualization of internal div
structures and enables prompt diagnosis in emergency
situations. However, the method is not without its
drawbacks: the use of ionizing radiation poses health
International Journal of Management and Economics Fundamental
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International Journal of Management and Economics Fundamental (ISSN: 2771-2257)
risks, contrast agents may cause adverse effects and
there are limitations in evaluating soft tissues. These
factors necessitate combining CT with other diagnostic
approaches where appropriate.
Therefore, CT scans should be applied cautiously and
anly when truly necessary, taking into account the
patient’s
age
,
health
status
and
individual
circumstances. When used correctly, CT plays a critical
role in delivering precise and effective diagnoses, even
in the most complex clinical cases.
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