No. 02 (2025) Volume 05 Issue 02

Around the world, abortion is a serious health problem in many countries. Every year, about 53 million pregnancies end with induced abortion.[1] Post-abortion complications may not be as dangerous to health, such as pain, stress, and infection, but can sometimes lead to such complex complications as atony and perforation of the uterus. For this reason, it is important for doctors to know the main complications after abortion and to carry out preventive measures to reduce abortions. In this article are given information of analysis of post-abortion complications which was conducted by authors. Post-abortion complications represent a spectrum of emergencies, from minor lacerations to life-threatening complications requiring immediate intervention. Unsafe abortions have a much higher complication rate. These include bleeding, uterine perforation, and endometritis. A supportive and unbiased history and physical examination are key to identifying complications of safe abortions, as well as problems that arise after unsafe abortions.

Caffeine-containing beverages, such as coffee, tea, and energy drinks, are widely consumed worldwide. Their impact on oral health has been a topic of interest in recent dental research. This paper explores the clinical and morphological effects of these beverages on dental hard tissues and the oral mucosa. The study discusses enamel erosion, dentin hypersensitivity, discoloration, and mucosal irritation. Additionally, it examines the chemical interactions between caffeine, acids, and sugars in these beverages and their role in the progression of oral diseases. Understanding these effects is crucial for developing preventive strategies and improving dental health awareness among consumers.

Background: Globally, preeclampsia (PE), a serious pregnancy complication, is the cause of mother and fetal morbidity and mortality. Preeclampsia and eclampsia together account for 10 to 15% of direct maternal deaths. It is distinguished by the development of proteinuria and hypertension after 20 weeks of pregnancy. In this study, the impact of platelet count (PC), mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW) on the development of preeclampsia in patients will be examined, and their relationship to the severity of the condition will be assessed. Methods: 58 pregnant women participated in a case-control study in Tashkent, with 30 age-matched normotensive controls and 28 preeclamptic (mild: n=15; severe: n=13). Results: The platelet count was lowest in patients with severe preeclampsia and considerably lower in preeclamptic patients than in controls. With a rising trend in severe preeclampsia, MPV and PDW were significantly higher in preeclampsia (p<0.001). Systolic blood pressure and MPV had a significant correlation (r=0.56, p=0.001), while PDW and hypertension had a moderate correlation (r=0.46, p=0.013). In conclusion, platelet indices—specifically MPV and PDW—have the potential to serve as indicators of preeclampsia severity. In clinical practice, their prognostic implications can aid in early risk assessment and management, thereby averting imminent eclampsia.

The paper studied glucose in glycerin (18-dehydroglycerretic acid) by comparing the level of transport to diaphragm muscle tissue with the insulin effect under in vitro conditions. In this case, a 53% decrease in glucose content in the incubation medium in muscle tissue was to a certain extent the reason for its accumulation as glycogen (24%). Since the observed changes were similar to the qualitative changes determined by the action of insulin, the amount of insulin and S-peptide was measured using radioimmun analysis in the rat mine, where glycerin was sent in this experiment. The results of these studies showed that in animal experiments conducted in the glyderin laboratory, it was shown that insulin and C-peptide act in both directions. No significant glycemic reactions to adrenaline were observed in animals taking antidepressants. Therefore, the observed metabolic changes may be related to the stimulation of insulin secretion.

Lumbar degenerative spinal canal stenosis (LDSS) is a prevalent condition that significantly impacts the quality of life of patients, leading to substantial economic costs in the healthcare system. It is commonly observed in individuals aged over 50 and is primarily caused by degenerative disc disease. Traditional treatment options, including laminectomy, come with potential complications, including nerve damage, infection, and prolonged recovery times. An emerging alternative is percutaneous spinal lumbar decompression (PSLD), a minimally invasive procedure that aims to reduce these complications while improving clinical outcomes.

Methods: The study was conducted at the Republican Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics in Uzbekistan from 2020 to 2025. A total of 50 patients diagnosed with lumbar spinal stenosis were included in the analysis. The patients were divided into two groups: the endoscopic PSLD group (n=27) and the traditional decompressive surgery group (n=23). All patients underwent preoperative assessments using radiography, multislice computed tomography (MSCT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate spinal canal dimensions, foraminal opening size, and the severity of stenosis. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) used for evaluation of pain. Statistical analyses, including t-tests and chi-square tests, were used to compare outcomes between the two groups, with a significance level set at p<0.05.

Results: The mean age of patients in the endoscopic PSLD group was 56.86 ± 7.7 years, and in the traditional surgery group, it was 54.25 ± 5.08 years, with no significant difference observed between the two groups in terms of age. Postoperatively, the mean VAS score for the traditional surgery group was 3.8 (SD=0.96), while for the endoscopic PSLD group, it was significantly lower at 2.51 (SD=1.01), indicating that the PSLD group experienced significantly less postoperative pain (p<0.05).

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that endoscopic PSLD is a promising alternative to traditional decompressive surgery for the treatment of lumbar stenosis. The procedure offers significant advantages in terms of postoperative pain relief and reduced recovery time, making it a favorable option for patients.

Acute limb ischemia (ALI) is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate intervention to prevent severe complications, including limb loss and death. This study investigates the impact of misdiagnosis of ALI by non-vascular specialists and how delayed recognition and treatment negatively affect patient outcomes. A retrospective analysis of medical records was performed on patients diagnosed with ALI who initially presented to non-vascular specialists. The results demonstrate that misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis led to significant delays in treatment, increasing the risk of long-term disability, amputation, and mortality. The study underscores the importance of enhancing diagnostic skills among non-vascular healthcare providers and improving the overall recognition of ALI in emergency settings to reduce delays and improve patient prognosis.

This article provides an in-depth biomechanical analysis of both lower and upper body kinematics in volleyball players, focusing on key actions such as serving and spiking. By evaluating the maximum and minimum ranges of motion in the pelvis, hips, knees, ankles, shoulders, and elbows, the study highlights the asymmetry between dominant and non-dominant limbs and how this influences force generation, stability, and performance efficiency. The findings emphasize the role of the pelvis in rotational force transmission, the hips in vertical stability, and the shoulders and elbows in generating power for ball entry. These kinematic insights contribute to optimizing training strategies and injury prevention for volleyball players.

Over the past decade, the structure of cardiovascular pathology in childhood has undergone significant changes. The proportion of heart rhythm disorders, cardiomyopathies, and congenital heart defects has increased [1,3,9]. Currently, conditions associated with heart changes in connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) are gaining increasing importance [2,4,6].

The sensitivity of S. epidermidis and S. aureus isolated from patients with moderate and severe acne to minocycline, doxylan, tetracycline and erythromycin in the treatment of this pathology. The antibiotic sensitivity of isolated strains was determined by the disco diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar in accordance with the guidelines. The data obtained make it possible to recommend the drugs minocycline and doxylan for clinical use in the treatment of patients with moderate to severe acne in dermatological practice.

The article is devoted to the current issues of diagnosing ruptures of the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle (DGDMP), which are a common pathology in the practice of traumatologists-orthopedists and surgeons. The main clinical tests, such as the Yergason and Spid tests, which allow for the detection of characteristic injury symptoms (pain in supination and arm lifting), have been examined. However, their sensitivity and specificity are limited, necessitating the use of instrumental diagnostic methods. The article describes the advantages and disadvantages of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Ultrasound is an accessible and non-invasive method that allows visualization of tendon ruptures, especially during dynamic examination. MRI, in turn, provides high diagnostic accuracy (up to 98% specificity) and allows for the assessment of concomitant injuries such as rotating cuff tears or joint lip pathologies. Based on the analysis of clinical cases and research data, it has been shown that a combination of physical examination and MRI is the most effective strategy for diagnosis verification. Early and accurate diagnosis of BDMP ruptures plays a key role in choosing treatment tactics (conservative or surgical) and preventing complications such as chronic pain, decreased shoulder function, and development of arthrosis. The article is addressed to traumatologists-orthopedists, surgeons, and sports medicine specialists, and can also be useful for doctors engaged in the rehabilitation of patients with shoulder joint pathologies.

Uremic toxins, which accumulate due to impaired renal function, have significant systemic effects, including detrimental impacts on the oral mucosa. These toxins are classified into small water-soluble molecules, protein-bound toxins, and middle molecules, each exerting unique pathological effects. This review explores the mechanisms through which these toxins contribute to epithelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Understanding these interactions is essential for developing targeted therapeutic strategies to mitigate their impact on oral health.

Modern research highlights the importance of a comprehensive approach that considers both morphological changes and immune responses, ultimately allowing physicians to diagnose infertility more accurately and select effective treatment strategies. Therefore, the use of hysteroscopy and immunological markers in reproductive medicine is becoming an integral part of comprehensive examinations for women experiencing infertility issues.

Pyogenic cocci are among the most significant pathogens responsible for both hospital-acquired and community-acquired infections, leading to considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over the past few decades, since the advent of antibiotics, the emergence and spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have become a serious healthcare challenge. In this study, patients with Staphylococcal infections were observed in two major hospitals located in Tashkent city. Monitoring revealed a sharp increase in infection rates over the last three years, particularly in 2021-2023, with 3,695 infections recorded at the Tashkent Medical Academy and 14,632 cases at the Republican Scientific Center for Emergency Medical Care during the same period. Considering this situation, the effects of various antibiotics and bacteriophages as alternative treatments for Staphylococcus infections were studied. Results showed significant effectiveness with Cefoperazone + Sulbactam (2.8 cm), Fosfosin (2.7 cm), Cefepime (2.7 cm), Amikacin (2.6 cm), Levofloxacin (2.7 cm), Doxycycline (2.6 cm each), and Levomycetin (2.7 cm). The bacteriophage demonstrated an efficacy of 1.5 cm within 12 hours.

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a critical condition often encountered in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs), characterized by a rapid decline in kidney function. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to improving outcomes in these vulnerable patients. Serum Cystatin C (CysC), a promising biomarker, has emerged as a potential diagnostic tool for detecting AKI in children. Unlike traditional markers such as serum creatinine, CysC is less influenced by age, gender, and muscle mass, making it a more reliable indicator of kidney function in pediatric populations. This review aims to explore the role of Serum Cystatin C in the early detection, diagnosis, and monitoring of AKI in children within the PICU setting. The potential advantages, limitations, and clinical implications of CysC as a biomarker are discussed, along with recent research findings highlighting its utility in pediatric AKI. Ultimately, understanding the role of CysC could lead to improved outcomes by enabling timely interventions and better management strategies for pediatric patients at risk of AKI.

To assess the level of preventive activity of military personnel, we will consider the factors determining this activity. According to the report on the study of the state of medical provision of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan, conducted jointly by specialists from the Central Military Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Scientific Research Institute of Military Medicine (based on the Military Medical Academy of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan).

Affective-respiratory paroxysm (ARP) is an episodic loss of consciousness that occurs in children, and its mechanism is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the state of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system in children with ARP. The results show that the ARP group had higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), while the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPx) was decreased. This indicates that the imbalance between oxidative stress and the antioxidant defense system may play an important role in the development of ARP. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the effectiveness of antioxidant therapy in future studies.

In the Republic of Uzbekistan, special attention is paid to modern approaches to the treatment of Parkinson's disease and the prospects of new drugs. Given the advances in Parkinson's disease research and the emergence of new drugs, it is important to conduct an analysis of the range of drugs used in Parkinson's disease. Assortment analysis of the pharmaceutical market is aimed at studying the offer of drugs used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. This article analyzes the assortment of drugs used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease registered in the years 2013-2023 of the State Register of drugs, medical products and medical equipment authorized for use in medical practice in the Republic of Uzbekistan [1,2,3]. The results of the assortment analysis are presented in the context of patient needs and quality requirements, which can be useful for manufacturers, distributors and researchers in the pharmaceutical industry.

In most cases, patients with community-acquired pneumonia have inflammatory diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses, as well as in patients who have had a history of inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract several weeks and months ago. When examining such patients with rhinosinusitis, the functions of the nose and paranasal sinuses are impaired, which in turn leads to the activation of opportunistic microflora, which increases the adhesion of pathogenic microorganisms to the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract and creates favorable conditions for microbial colonization. It is known that viruses have a bronchotropic effect, manifested by damage to the epithelium and a violation of the trophism of the bronchi due to damage to the nerve conductors. Under the influence of the general toxic effect of the virus, phagocytosis is inhibited, immunological protection is impaired, as a result, favorable conditions are created for the entry of pathogenic bacterial flora located in the upper respiratory tract into the bronchi and alveoli of the lungs, which to a large extent contributes to the development of diseases of the lower respiratory tract.

Treatment of pneumonia is a pressing tissue at present, due to its widespread prevalence and associated severe complications, such as pleurisy, emphysema, cardiovascular diseases, glomerulonephritis, exacerbation of allergic diseases. Laser therapy, if there are appropriate indications, can be performed on children of any age from birth. However, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of young patients, know the rules for prescribing laser therapeutic procedures, schemes for choosing the most optimal methods and their parameters, which differ significantly from those recommended for adults.

The works devoted to this topic are analyzed, the rules for selecting parameters and principles for choosing laser therapy methods are systematized, taking into account the age and state of the child's nervous system, allowing for treatment to be carried out as safely and effectively as possible.

This article is devoted to immunohistochemical studies associated with primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma - HCC) developed against the background of chronic viral hepatitis B, C. The topic is relevant, since HCC is one of the aggressive tumors with a high mortality rate, arising as a result of chronic hepatitis B and C, alcoholic or non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. The study included 30 patients examined in 2020-2023, all of whom were diagnosed with viral hepatitis B or C. In the immunohistochemical study, molecular genetic markers (Ki-67, Bcl-2, VEGF, and p53) were studied. According to the results, in cases of HCC associated with viral hepatitis, high proliferative activity (Ki-67 >20%), apoptosis index (Bcl-2), angiogenesis activity (VEGF), and p53 gene suppressor mutations were observed more often. Molecular-genetic markers in primary liver cancer are important in assessing the aggressiveness of the tumor, the degree of metastasis, and the response to treatment. The research results open up new possibilities for improving the diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized therapy strategies for HCC.

Hysteroscopy and the use of immune markers play a crucial role in diagnosing female infertility. Recent studies highlight their increasing significance in reproductive medicine, as technological advancements have enhanced diagnostic accuracy. This method allows for direct visualization of the uterine cavity, enabling the identification of abnormalities such as polyps, fibroids, or other pathologies that may impair a woman’s ability to conceive. Immunological markers, on the other hand, help assess the patient’s immune status and detect potential autoimmune disorders that might contribute to infertility. The combination of these diagnostic approaches increases the likelihood of identifying factors that hinder pregnancy. Furthermore, integrating hysteroscopic findings with immunological profiling can provide a more targeted treatment approach, ultimately improving fertility outcomes. The study aims to explore the efficacy of hysteroscopy and immunogenetic marker analysis in accurately diagnosing infertility and guiding treatment decisions. Hysteroscopy and the use of immune markers play a crucial role in diagnosing female infertility. This method allows for direct visualization of the uterine cavity, enabling the identification of abnormalities such as polyps, fibroids, or other pathologies that may impair a woman’s ability to conceive. Immunological markers, on the other hand, help assess the patient’s immune status and detect potential autoimmune disorders that might contribute to infertility. The combination of these diagnostic approaches increases the likelihood of identifying factors that hinder pregnancy.

Modern research highlights the importance of a comprehensive approach that considers both morphological changes and immune responses, ultimately allowing physicians to diagnose infertility more accurately and select effective treatment strategies. Therefore, the use of hysteroscopy and immunological markers in reproductive medicine is becoming an integral part of comprehensive examinations for women experiencing infertility issues.