No. 05 (2025) Volume 06 Issue 05

Early detection of lung cancer significantly improves patient survival yet remains a challenge due to the subtle nature of early-stage radiological features. This study proposes a multimodal deep learning framework that combines convolutional neural networks (CNN) with dense neural networks (DNN) to enhance early-stage lung cancer prediction. A curated dataset comprising 2,000 patient records with CT scans and clinical metadata was preprocessed and used to train multiple models. The hybrid CNN-DNN model achieved the highest performance with an accuracy of 96.4%, precision of 95.8%, recall of 97.1%, F1-score of 96.4%, and AUC of 0.982, outperforming both traditional machine learning models and standalone CNNs. The integration of imaging and clinical features led to robust and accurate predictions, demonstrating strong potential for real-world clinical application. The results support the deployment of such AI-driven tools in diagnostic workflows to facilitate timely and accurate lung cancer detection.

Necrotizing dermatitis is a heterogeneous group of skin lesions characterized by pro-gressive necrosis of the dermis and/or subcutaneous tissue against the background of infectious, autoimmune or vasculopathic genesis. This condition is associated with a high risk of systemic complications, disability and death, especially with untimely diagnosis and tactical errors in treatment. The article discusses modern clinical and pathogenetic forms of necrotizing dermati-tis, including necrotizing fasciitis, pyoderma gangrenous, necrotizing vasculitis and other rare syndromes. Particular attention is paid to the algorithms of differential diagnosis, the role of laboratory and imaging methods, as well as an interdisciplinary approach to treatment, taking into account the etiology of the disease. The review is based solely on English-language publi-cations of recent years and aims to summarize the most clinically relevant data for dermatolo-gists, surgeons, and intensive care professionals.

Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection that has remained a global public health concern for more than five decades. Commonly referred to as Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in the community, it continues to be a significant health issue. In 2024, the number of DHF cases in Aceh Province reached 3,044. In Banda Aceh City, the trend has been fluctuating, with 400 reported cases in 2024—the highest in the last five years—resulting in three deaths. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between dengue fever prevention behaviors using the Health Belief Model (HBM) approach. This research employed a quantitative analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of heads of households or housewives across 9 subdistricts in Banda

Aceh. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares (PLS) with the SmartPLS version 4.0 application. Hypothesis testing revealed that age group was significantly associated with perceived benefits (p = 0.035 < 0.05) and perceived severity (p = 0.035 < 0.05). Perceived susceptibility was significantly related to dengue prevention behavior (p = 0.000 < 0.05), as were perceived benefits (p = 0.000 < 0.05), perceived barriers (p = 0.000 < 0.05), and cues to action (p = 0.000 < 0.05). This study provides recommendations for government and community stakeholders in formulating effective dengue prevention policies in Banda Aceh City.

Patients with skeletal malocclusions often first seek treatment from dentists due to complaints of improper occlusion. Some patients with jaw underdevelopment consult otorhinolaryngologists or neurologists with symptoms such as pain and noise in the ear area, temporomandibular joint discomfort, and masticatory muscle pain. These specialists ultimately refer patients to maxillofacial surgeons and orthodontists.

Proper motivation is crucial for patients considering orthognathic surgery, as some may spend years undergoing orthodontic compensation, which often leads to dissatisfaction. Over the past year, 87 patients with skeletal malocclusions have undergone surgical treatment after being motivated by a multidisciplinary team consisting of a prosthodontist, orthodontist, neurologist, otorhinolaryngologist, and maxillofacial surgeon.

Statistical data show that 70–80% of patients choose orthognathic surgery primarily for aesthetic improvements, followed by functional correction, while 10–30% seek treatment to resolve psychological concerns related to their appearance. Among 100 consulted patients, 55 agreed to combined treatment, including dental decompensation and orthognathic surgery. However, 45 patients sought additional opinions, researched complications, or chose alternative orthodontic treatments. Ultimately, 15 of them proceeded with surgical treatment. Additionally, 4 patients were discouraged from surgery by maxillofacial surgeons due to minimal aesthetic or functional benefits.

Diabetic nephropathy and diabetic foot syndrome are among the most severe and disabling complications of diabetes mellitus, determining the severity of systemic disorders and an unfavorable prognosis. Modern research indicates the presence of a common pathogenetic basis for these conditions, including chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, microcirculation disorders and activation of fibrotic processes. In this work, data on 32 patients with various degrees of diabetic foot syndrome according to the Wagner classification, who simultaneously showed signs of diabetic nephropathy, are considered. The analysis showed that more severe forms of foot syndrome are associated with a pronounced decrease in the glomerular filtration rate and a high degree of albuminuria, which indicates progressive kidney damage in this category of patients. The data obtained emphasize the need for a comprehensive assessment of target organ damage in patients with diabetes mellitus, which is important both for the prognosis and for the choice of management tactics. Particular attention is paid to the role of chronic renal failure as a factor in the deterioration of reparative processes and a predisposition to purulent-necrotic complications of the lower extremities.

Early detection of lung cancer significantly improves patient survival yet remains a challenge due to the subtle nature of early-stage radiological features. This study proposes a multimodal deep learning framework that combines convolutional neural networks (CNN) with dense neural networks (DNN) to enhance early-stage lung cancer prediction. A curated dataset comprising 2,000 patient records with CT scans and clinical metadata was preprocessed and used to train multiple models. The hybrid CNN-DNN model achieved the highest performance with an accuracy of 96.4%, precision of 95.8%, recall of 97.1%, F1-score of 96.4%, and AUC of 0.982, outperforming both traditional machine learning models and standalone CNNs. The integration of imaging and clinical features led to robust and accurate predictions, demonstrating strong potential for real-world clinical application. The results support the deployment of such AI-driven tools in diagnostic workflows to facilitate timely and accurate lung cancer detection.

Background: Inadequate hypertension diagnosis and management in Nigeria is a key contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and death. To direct appropriate preventive actions in Nigeria, a better knowledge of the existing burden of hypertension is required, including awareness, treatment, and management. To evaluate the trends of hypertension throughout the nation's various states, a systematic review was done.

Methods:

A thorough literature search was conducted using PRISMA guidelines to find empirical research on hypertension and obesity in adult Nigerians. In order to find original publications about the recognition, management, and control of hypertension in Nigeria published between 2002 and 2022, PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL were used as the major databases. Africa, Nigeria, awareness, therapy, control, and hypertension were the main search phrases. To provide for more research, the bibliographies mentioned in the indicated papers were investigated. The articles' full texts were retrieved from a variety of online resources. This data was gathered using a data extraction form.

Results:

The requirements for inclusion were satisfied by 48 studies from each of the nation's six geopolitical regions. Regional differences in awareness, treatment, and control were significant. The awareness of rural people was lower than that of urban people. The South-South region has the greatest prevalence of hypertension. The lowest rates of hypertension management were seen in the South-West. Even among respondents who were aware of their condition and those who were receiving treatment, there was typically inadequate control of hypertension across the nation. There were no estimates specific for either gender.

Conclusion:

Hypertension is only marginally understood, treated, and controlled. For hypertension patients in Nigeria to experience improved outcomes, tailored studies are needed to identify the precise causes of these low levels.

Healthcare institutions experience major operational issues while handling Medicare and Medicaid claims because they must meet strict HIPAA security standards. The waterfall model method together with traditional approaches leads to various delays along with multiple errors in addition to different compliance risks because of its strict framework. The iterative collaborative adaptive framework of Agile methodologies provides healthcare organizations with a solution to optimize processing claims and minimize operational problems while maintaining HIPAA standards. Agile principles serve as the basis for this paper which investigates methods to enhance Medicare and Medicaid claims processing systems. The paper investigates existing claims processing challenges before exploring how Agile transformations work while providing strategies to keep HIPAA compliance active inside Agile organizations. This paper uses case studies and best practices with future analysis to show how Agile transforms claims processing in healthcare though protecting patient information.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health issue with increasing prevalence and significant disease burden (1, 2). Patients with CKD have a substantially elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality (3, 4). Niacin, or vitamin B3, has been used to manage dyslipidemia, a common condition in CKD, but its effects on mortality in this population are unclear (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12). This study investigates the relationship between dietary niacin intake and the incidence of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among CKD patients.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive review of existing literature, including cohort studies and post-hoc analyses of clinical trials, to evaluate the association between dietary niacin intake and mortality outcomes in CKD patients. Studies were identified through systematic searches of electronic databases. Data on niacin intake, patient characteristics, and mortality outcomes were extracted and synthesized.

Results: Several studies suggest a potential link between niacin and mortality in CKD patients. While niacin has shown some benefits in managing dyslipidemia (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25), its impact on cardiovascular events and overall survival in CKD patients is complex. Some studies have shown that high doses of niacin did not reduce cardiovascular events and may have increased adverse effects (7, 8). A post-hoc analysis of the AIM-HIGH trial showed that extended-release niacin did not significantly affect cardiovascular events or kidney function in CKD patients (12). Other observational studies suggest a more nuanced relationship, where very low or very high intake might be detrimental (30, 31, 32, 33, 34).

Conclusion: The relationship between dietary niacin intake and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in CKD patients is not fully elucidated. While niacin plays a crucial role in various metabolic processes (28, 29), and dyslipidemia is a key risk factor in CKD (11, 13), the evidence regarding its impact on mortality in this specific population is inconclusive. Further well-designed studies are needed to determine the optimal range of niacin intake for CKD patients and to assess whether supplementation provides a net benefit in terms of reducing mortality.