International Journal of Pedagogics
88
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijp
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue03 2025
PAGE NO.
88-90
10.37547/ijp/Volume05Issue03-25
The topic of optical instruments in general education
schools and the methodology of teaching them
Tursinbaev Sabirbay
Nukus State Pedagogical Institute named after Ajiniyaz, Doctor of Philosophy in Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Uzbekistan
Jumatova Gulparshin
Nukus State Pedagogical Institute named after Ajiniyaz, student, Uzbekistan
Joldasbaeva Feruza
Nukus State Pedagogical Institute named after Ajiniyaz, student, Uzbekistan
Received:
20 January 2025;
Accepted:
19 February 2025;
Published:
17 March 2025
Abstract:
This article provides a comprehensive description of optical instruments, their working principles, the
application of various optical devices, as well as pedagogical approaches and methodological recommendations
used in teaching the topic of optical instruments.
Keywords:
Optical instruments, teaching of optics, microscope and telescope, pedagogical methods, scientific
experiments, teaching methods, optical technologies.
Introduction:
Optical devices are scientific and
technical devices designed to control various
properties of light rays and display them in various
forms. They are widely used not only in scientific
research and practice, but also in the educational
process.
Teaching
optical
instruments
in
comprehensive schools is very important not only for
physics but also for other subjects, since with the help
of these instruments, students can learn about the
world more broadly and deeply. This article discusses
issues related to optical instruments and methods of
teaching them.
Introduction
to
Optical
Instruments
Optical
instruments create images by manipulating the
physical properties of light, such as reflection,
refraction, diffraction, and scattering. There are many
types of optical instruments, such as microscopes,
telescopes, lasers, and cameras. Each of these
instruments has its own characteristics and is
effectively used in its field of application. Optical
instruments give students the opportunity to combine
scientific research, practical experience and theoretical
knowledge in the educational process [1-3].
Optical devices and their application. Optical devices
are widely used and each of them is important in
different areas [4]:
Astronomy
: the study of stars and planets using
telescopes.
Biology
: The study of the world of cells and
microorganisms using microscopes.
Medicine
: Diagnosis and treatment of diseases using
lasers and microscopes.
Industry
: Study and processing of materials using
optical instruments.
It is very important to teach students scientific methods
using optical instruments in secondary schools. Optical
instruments can develop students' scientific interest,
conduct experiments, and analyze the results. Students
conducting various experiments using optical
instruments strengthens their scientific thinking [5].
The effectiveness of experimentation with optical
devices in comprehensive schools contributes to the
improvement of students' skills in scientific research
and practical work. In teaching optical devices, the
International Journal of Pedagogics
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International Journal of Pedagogics (ISSN: 2771-2281)
teacher’s approach and methods aimed at s
tudents'
independent work are of great importance [6].
METHOD
Teaching methodology
. Optical instruments and their
teaching methodology are based on the following
approaches:
a) Visual teaching methods. The principles of operation
and practical applications of optical instruments are
explained to students using diagrams, images, and
videos. This method provides students with a better
understanding [7].
b) Practical work and laboratory exercises. The most
effective way to learn about optical instruments is to
involve students in practical work and laboratory
exercises. Through practical exercises, students
conduct experiments on their own and consolidate
their knowledge [8].
c) Strengthen the role of the teacher. The teacher
should teach students how to use optical instruments,
ask questions, and analyze experimental results. The
teacher should encourage students to think
independently and guide them to apply what they have
learned in practice [9].
Experiments with optical instruments
. It is necessary
to conduct various experiments in the process of
studying optical instruments at school. Such
experiments develop students' scientific interests and
increase their interest in physics. For example,
experiments such as studying cells using a microscope
or observing celestial bodies using a telescope develop
scientific thinking and observation in students [10].
Conducting experiments related to optical instruments
is very useful in school to give students a deep
understanding of the basic principles of optics and their
applications in everyday life. Below are some of the
experiments and practices that can be carried out in the
study of optical instruments.
1. Experience of using lenses in optics.
Target: In optics, learning to obtain magnified images
of objects by using lenses.
Tools: Optical lens, small object (e.g., a sheet of text),
light source.
Experience: You can ask students to observe a small
piece of text using an optical lens and obtain a
magnified image of it. Try changing the focal length and
magnification of the lens, explaining how this changes
the size of the image.
Explanation: Through this experiment, students will
learn how an optical lens works, that is, how to magnify
the image of an object and identify its individual parts.
2. The experience of observing an image through a
mirror.
Target: To study how an image is formed by a plane
mirror and the principles of reflection.
Tools: Flat mirror, small object (e.g. glass or pencil),
light source.
Experience: To demonstrate how an image is formed in
a plane mirror, students place an object in front of the
mirror and observe the image. Explain to students the
basic concepts of image formation in a mirror, such as
whether the image is inverted or upright.
Explanation: To teach how a plane mirror produces an
inverted but identically sized image.
3. To produce an image using a spherical mirror.
Target: Study how an object and its image are formed
by a spherical mirror.
Tools: A spherical mirror (round), an object (pencil or
other small object), a projector, or a light source.
Experience: Show students the image of an object using
a spherical mirror. Place the object in front of the
mirror, describe the image formed, and observe how it
changes. Explain to students how flat and inverted
images are formed using a spherical mirror.
Explanation: A spherical mirror can magnify or reduce
an object, and the position of the image changes based
on the relationship between the object and the mirror.
4. Experiment on separating light through a prism.
Target: Learn to separate light into colors using a prism.
Tools: A prism, a source of white light (such as a mirror
or lamp), and an image projected onto a screen.
Experience: Show students how to separate white light
using a prism and its color spectrum (red, orange,
yellow, green, indigo, blue, violet). After you have
separated the colors, explain to students how the
different colors are distributed in the light spectrum.
Explanation: Explain the optical spectrum and
wavelengths of light through the separation of light
into colors after passing through a prism.
5. Experiment with creating an image from a tape.
Target: Understand how to create an image using
tapes.
Tools: Convex and concave lenses, small object (paper
or pen), image projected on screen.
Experience: Show students how to create images using
convex and concave lenses. Place an object in front of
the lens and project the image onto the screen.
Observe whether the images formed by lenses are
inverted or upright.
Explanation: Lenses help to reduce or enlarge an image,
and the size or orientation of the image changes
International Journal of Pedagogics
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International Journal of Pedagogics (ISSN: 2771-2281)
depending on the type of lens.
6. Analyzing light using a spectroscope
.
Target: Learn to analyze light using a spectroscope.
Tools: Spectroscope, various light sources (lamp,
sunlight, neon lamp), image projected on the screen.
Experience: Show students the spectra of different light
sources using a spectroscope.
Analysis of spectra produced by neon lamps, white
lamps, and other light sources.
Explanation: Using a spectroscope to analyze the color
spectrum of different light sources and show the
differences between them.
7. The effect of light on vision.
Target: To study the relationship between the strength
of a light source and vision.
Tools: Color films, various light sources, projected
image on screen.
Experience: Encourage students to explore their vision
using different light sources. Observe how vision
changes for each light source.
Explanation: Light sources affect vision, and through
this experiment, students will learn the relationship
between the intensity of light sources and the clarity of
vision.
Evaluating teaching effectiveness
. Various methods
are used to assess students' knowledge in teaching the
topic of optical instruments. Questions, tests,
laboratory results, and self-assessment can be used to
test what students have learned [11].
CONCLUSION
Optical instruments and their teaching methods are
very important in secondary schools. With the help of
optical instruments, students learn scientific methods,
develop observational, analytical, and reasoning skills.
With the help of effective teaching methods, students
gain in-depth knowledge of the principles of operation
and application of optical instruments. This, in turn,
increases their general scientific and technical
knowledge.
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