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BMT TASHKIL ETILISHINING TARIXIY ASOSLARI VA BUGUNGI
KUNDAGI ROLI
Meliboyeva Odinaxon Bahodirxon qizi
Tarix fani o'qituvchisi
Abstract:
This article analyzes the historical foundations of the establishment of the United
Nations (UN), the global political and economic conditions that led to its emergence in the mid-
20th century, as well as the organization's current role on the international stage. The UN's
contribution to maintaining peace, protecting human rights, and addressing global challenges is
evaluated on a scienti
Keywords:
United Nations, historical foundations, international organization, security, peace,
global challenges, human rights.
Annotatsiya:
Ushbu maqolada Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti (BMT)ning tashkil etilishining
tarixiy asoslari, uning XX asr o‘rtalarida paydo bo‘lishiga olib kelgan global siyosiy-iqtisodiy
shart-sharoitlar hamda tashkilotning bugungi kundagi xalqaro maydondagi roli tahlil qilinadi.
BMTning tinchlikni saqlashdagi, inson huquqlarini himoya qilishdagi, hamda global
muammolarni hal etishdagi o‘rni ilmiy asosda baholanadi.
Kalit so‘zlar:
BMT, tarixiy asoslar, xalqaro tashkilot, xavfsizlik, tinchlik, global muammolar,
inson huquqlari.
1. Kirish
XX asr insoniyat tarixida eng muhim burilishlardan biri – global miqyosdagi urushlar va
ularning oqibatlariga qarshi xalqaro miqyosda tashkil etilgan Birlashgan Millatlar
Tashkilotining tuzilishidir. BMT xalqaro tinchlik va xavfsizlikni saqlash, millatlararo
hamkorlikni rivojlantirish, inson huquqlari va asosiy erkinliklarni ta’minlash maqsadida 1945-
yil tashkil etilgan. Ushbu maqolada tashkilotning tarixiy shakllanish sabablari, asosiy
maqsadlari va bugungi kundagi faoliyati tahlil qilinadi.
2. Tarixiy asoslar va shakllanish jarayoni
2.1. Ikkinchi Jahon urushi natijalari
Ikkinchi Jahon urushi insoniyat tarixidagi eng vayronkor mojaro bo‘lib, 60 milliondan ortiq
insonning hayotiga zomin bo‘ldi. Urush oqibatida xalqaro xavfsizlik tizimi izdan chiqdi va
yangi global tashkilotga ehtiyoj tug‘ildi.
2.2. Millatlar Ligasi tajribasi
1919-yilda Versal shartnomasi asosida tashkil etilgan Millatlar Ligasi o‘zining asosiy vazifasini
– urushlarning oldini olishni bajara olmadi. Bu tajriba kelajakda samaraliroq va kuchliroq
xalqaro tashkilotni zarur etgan edi.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHERS
ISSN: 3030-332X Impact factor: 8,293
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2.3. BMTning tashkil etilishi
1941-yil avgustida AQSH Prezidenti Franklin Ruzvelt va Buyuk Britaniya Bosh vaziri Uinston
Cherchill tomonidan imzolangan Atlantika Xartiyasi xalqaro hamkorlikning yangi bosqichini
belgiladi. 1945-yil 26-iyunda San-Fransisko shahrida 50 ta davlat vakillari tomonidan BMT
Nizomi imzolandi va shu bilan BMT rasmiy ravishda tashkil topdi.
3. BMTning asosiy maqsadlari va tamoyillari
BMT Nizomining 1-moddasiga ko‘ra, tashkilot quyidagi maqsadlarni ko‘zlaydi:
- Xalqaro tinchlik va xavfsizlikni ta’minlash;
- Xalqlar o‘rtasida do‘stona munosabatlarni rivojlantirish;
- Ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy va gumanitar sohalarda xalqaro hamkorlikni kengaytirish;
- Inson huquqlari va asosiy erkinliklarni himoya qilish.
BMT faoliyati besh asosiy tamoyilga asoslanadi: suverenitet, tenglik, nizolarni tinch yo‘l bilan
hal qilish, kuch ishlatmaslik, ichki ishlar aralashmaslik.
4. BMTning tuzilmasi va asosiy organlari
BMT murakkab tuzilishga ega bo‘lib, u olti asosiy organ orqali ishlaydi:
4.1. Bosh Assambleya
Barcha a’zo davlatlar ishtirok etadigan umumiy majlis bo‘lib, xalqaro masalalar bo‘yicha
tavsiyalar beradi.
4.2. Xavfsizlik Kengashi
15 a’zodan iborat bo‘lib, ulardan 5 tasi doimiy a’zo (AQSH, Rossiya, Xitoy, Buyuk Britaniya,
Fransiya) va veto huquqiga ega. Tinchlik va xavfsizlik masalalarini hal qiladi.
4.3. Iqtisodiy va Ijtimoiy Kengash
Ijtimoiy rivojlanish, sog‘liqni saqlash, madaniyat, ta’lim va inson huquqlari masalalari bilan
shug‘ullanadi.
4.4. Xalqaro Sud
Haqiqiy xalqaro nizolarni hal qiluvchi yuridik organ bo‘lib, Gollandiyaning Gaaga shahrida
joylashgan.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHERS
ISSN: 3030-332X Impact factor: 8,293
Volume 12, issue 1, June 2025
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4.5. Bosh kotib va Kotibiyat
BMTning kundalik faoliyatini muvofiqlashtiruvchi ijro organi hisoblanadi. Hozirda Bosh kotib
lavozimini Antonio Guterrish egallab turibdi (2025-yil holatiga ko‘ra).
5. BMTning bugungi kundagi roli
5.1. Tinchlikni saqlash missiyalari
BMT 70 dan ortiq tinchlikparvarlik missiyalarini o‘tkazgan. Masalan, Sudan, Kipr, Kongo, va
yaqinda Ukraina atrofidagi vaziyatda diplomatik faoliyat olib borilmoqda.
5.2. Global muammolar bilan kurash
- Iqlim o‘zgarishi: Parij kelishuvi (2015) doirasida BMT global ekologik muammolarga qarshi
birlashishga da’vat etmoqda.
- Pandemiyalar: COVID-19 pandemiyasi davrida Jahon sog‘liqni saqlash tashkiloti (BMT
organi) muhim rol o‘ynadi.
- Oziq-ovqat xavfsizligi va qashshoqlik: FAO, WFP, UNDP kabi BMT agentliklari orqali
yordam ko‘rsatilmoqda.
5.3. Tanqidlar va islohot ehtiyoji
BMT ayniqsa Xavfsizlik Kengashining tuzilishi, veto huquqi va samaradorligi bo‘yicha tanqid
ostida turadi. Katta davlatlar manfaatlariga xizmat qilish ehtimoli, ayrim hollarda passivlik —
islohotlar zaruratini oshirmoqda.
6. Xulosa
BMT — XX asrning eng yirik xalqaro tashkiloti bo‘lib, u urushlar, ixtiloflar va global
muammolar qarshisida insoniyat birdamligining namunasi sifatida shakllangan. Bugungi kunda
BMTning roli tobora murakkablashib bormoqda: ekologik xavflar, texnologik notenglik,
pandemiyalar va harbiy mojarolar fonida uning samaradorligini oshirish dolzarbdir. Shu sababli
BMTning isloh qilinishi va zamonaviy muammolarga javob bera oladigan tizimga aylanishi
zarur.
Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar:
1. United Nations. (1945). Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the International Court
of Justice. https://www.un.org/en/about-us/un-charter
2. Mazower, M. (2009). No Enchanted Palace: The End of Empire and the Ideological Origins
of the United Nations. Princeton University Press.
3. Kennedy, P. (2006). The Parliament of Man: The Past, Present, and Future of the United
Nations. Vintage.
4. Roberts, A., & Kingsbury, B. (Eds.). (1993). United Nations, Divided World: The UN's
Roles in International Relations (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHERS
ISSN: 3030-332X Impact factor: 8,293
Volume 12, issue 1, June 2025
https://wordlyknowledge.uz/index.php/IJSR
worldly knowledge
Index:
google scholar, research gate, research bib, zenodo, open aire.
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=ru&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=wosjournals.com&btnG
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Worldly-Knowledge
https://journalseeker.researchbib.com/view/issn/3030-332X
281
5. Weiss, T. G., & Daws, S. (Eds.). (2007). The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations.
Oxford University Press.
6.
United
Nations
Peacekeeping.
(n.d.).
Past
peacekeeping
operations.
https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/past-peacekeeping-operations
7. UNDP. (2023). Annual Report 2022. United Nations Development Programme.
https://www.undp.org/publications
8. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). (2015). The Paris
Agreement. https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement
9. World Health Organization. (2021). Responding to COVID-19: WHO’s role in the global
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10. Bosco, D. (2009). Five to Rule Them All: The UN Security Council and the Making of the
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