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SEMANTIC STRUCTURE AND FEATURES OF AGRICULTURAL TERMS IN
EXPLANATORY DICTIONARIES OF THE UZBEKISTAN LANGUAGE
Boriyev Jamshid Khudoyberdiyevich
Teacher of the Department of Uzbek Language and Literature, Termez State University
Abstract.
This article analyzes the semantics of the terms related to the agricultural sector found
in the explanatory dictionaries of the Uzbek language. The sources of formation of terms,
semantic features such as polysemy, synonymy, antonymy are studied. The article determines the
practical role of lexical units in the language and their place in the lexical layer.
Keywords:
agriculture, term, semantics, synonym, explanatory dictionary, polysemy, lexical
layer.
INTRODUCTION
In the era of modern science and technology, each field has its own terms, which are considered a
means of scientific expression in a particular language. In particular, agricultural language and
terminology are also considered one of the important and active layers of the Uzbek language.
This article studies the semantic structure of agricultural terms in explanatory dictionaries of the
Uzbek language, their formation methods and semantic features.
The expression of agricultural terms in explanatory dictionaries The "Explanatory Dictionary" of
the Uzbek language (UzME, 1981–1984, 5-volume edition) and "Explanatory Dictionary of the
Modern Uzbek Literary Language" (2006, 3-volume edition) contain many terms related to
agriculture. Among such terms are such terms as crop, yield, plowing, seed, variety, care,
melioration, many of which are lexical units that have been actively used in the language for
many years. Each term represents a specific concept in the field and serves as the main means of
scientific communication.
Along with the ways in which these terms are defined in dictionaries, their semantic structures are
revealed through their explanations. For example, the dictionary explanation of the word "seed" is:
"A grain, grain or other part used for growing crops or plants". Although this definition expresses
the main meaning of the word, in many cases it is also used in metaphorical, figurative meanings.
Semantic types and characteristics of terms. Agricultural terms are classified semantically as
follows:
a) Polysemy (polysemy) Some terms have more than one meaning. For example, the word
"harvest": The total result of farming;
The result of labor;
In a figurative sense: the product of labor, the product of knowledge.
b) Synonymy For example, terms such as "sowing" and "sowing", "harvest" and "product" are
used as synonyms in some contexts, but the subtlety of meaning is preserved. Synonymy provides
diversity in the language while maintaining semantic accuracy in scientific texts.
c) AntonymsThere are also terms with opposite meanings. For example, "dry" - "wet land", "salty
land" - "fertile land". This type of antonyms increases the expressive power of the language.
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d) Metaphorical expansion of termsSome terms are also used in a figurative sense. For example,
the word "seed" is used in human qualities, knowledge, spirituality: "seed of virtue", "seed of
knowledge".
The main sources of term formation
The formation of agricultural terms comes from three main sources:Local lexical layer: words
related to the ancient farming experience of the Uzbek people, for example, furrow, morich,
alacha.
Adopted from the terminology of the field: words from Russian, Arabic, Persian - melioration,
agronomist, variety. Newly coined terms: formed through the word formation methods of the
Uzbek language: fertilization, maintenance, plowing. These sources play an important role in the
enrichment of the language and the formation of the scientific style.
Stylistic features of lexical units. These terms are actively used mainly in official-style, scientific-
technical texts, as well as in popular and professional texts. Their accuracy and relevance play an
important role in practical language. For example, in scientific articles, expressions such as
"selection of varieties suitable for soil conditions", "technology for increasing productivity in arid
regions" must have high accuracy.
The socio-cultural significance of agricultural terms. Agricultural terms are inextricably linked
with the professional thinking, lifestyle and cultural values of the people. Terms related
to such areas as agriculture, animal husbandry, and horticulture perform not only a scientific but
also a cultural function in people's lives. They are widely used in proverbs, sayings, wise sayings,
and examples of oral creativity: "What you sow in winter will come in summer," "He who sows
much will reap much."
CONCLUSION
Terms and technological progress. The development of modern technologies is introducing new
terms into the agricultural sector. For example, terms such as "smart irrigation system," "drip
irrigation," "GPS-based technical management," "biofertilizer," and "nanofertilizers" serve the
innovative development of the sector. Such terms are directly related to the absorption of new
technologies into the vernacular and the integration of terms in the language. This, in turn,
indicates the harmony of language and technology.
Agricultural terms given in explanatory dictionaries of the Uzbek language do not only express
scientific concepts, but also emdiv the historical, cultural and professional thinking of the people.
Their semantic analysis, synonymy, antonymy and metaphorical features serve as an important
tool for understanding lexical wealth. These terms play an important role in the formation and
development of the scientific method in the language.
Recommendations on the practical use of terms. It is important for agricultural specialists to
update the dictionary of terms and systematize new terms. It is necessary to use these terms
correctly in educational literature, to distinguish their metaphorical or figurative meanings. It is
urgent to give a national form to the terms formed on the basis of new technological tools and
methods, and to integrate them into speech. The media, press and Internet platforms should
widely promote industry terms through applied examples. These recommendations serve the
development of the industry language and the preservation of the cultural language wealth.
INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
SJIF 2019: 5.222 2020: 5.552 2021: 5.637 2022:5.479 2023:6.563 2024: 7,805
eISSN :2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume 12, issue 05 (2025)
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REFERENCES USED
1. Explanatory Dictionary of the Uzbek Language (1981–1984), 5 volumes, Tashkent: Science.
2. Explanatory Dictionary of the Current Uzbek Literary Language (2006), 3 volumes, Tashkent:
"Akademnashr".
3. Rajabov A. Linguistic Terms and Their Semantic Analysis. Tashkent: UzMU, 2015.
4. Gafurov B. Semantic Structure of the Uzbek Language. – Tashkent: Science, 2000.
5. Ahmadjonova N. Formation of Agricultural Terminology. – "Issues of Philology", 2018, No. 3.
6. Karimov M. Field Terminology and Experiences in Compiling an Explanatory Dictionary. –
Tashkent: Ilm Ziyo, 2020.
7. Khudoyberdiyeva S. Innovative Technologies and New Terms. – "Science and Development",
2021, No. 4.
