The aim of the study was to study the cytokine profile in children with acute respirator}' diseases complicated by acute inflammation of the middle ear. Under supervision there were 25 children up to 3 years with acute respiratory diseases complicated by acute otitis media. Thus, the improvement of the clinical status of children, along with the suppression of the level of the proinflammatory cytokine IFNy, was accompanied by the disappearance of signs of inflammation of the middle ear, the improvement of the general condition of the child. However, it should be noted that the change in the level of IL-4 and the violation of the ratio of pro- and anti-inflammatory diseases revealed by us about the presence of a previous immunodeficiency state, which apparently, was manifested by the presence of complications against the background of acute respiratory diseases.