JOURNAL OF IQRO – ЖУРНАЛ ИҚРО – IQRO JURNALI – volume 14, issue 01, 2025
ISSN: 2181-4341, IMPACT FACTOR ( RESEARCH BIB ) – 7,245, SJIF – 5,431
ILMIY METODIK JURNAL
Ayatov Rakhimberdi Ibragimovich
COMPARATIVE, TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF BLOCKCHAIN TERMS IN THE FIELD OF
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AND SOLUTION OF
TRANSLATION PROBLEMS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF ENGLISH, RUSSIAN AND UZBEK
LANGUAGES)
Abstract:
This article explores the comparative and typological analysis of blockchain terminology in
English, Russian, and Uzbek within the field of information and communication technologies (ICT). The
study examines the lexical, structural, and semantic differences in blockchain terminology across these
languages and identifies the main translation challenges, such as standardization issues, loanword
adaptation, and syntactic complexities. Based on empirical data and linguistic analysis, the article proposes
effective solutions for improving the accuracy and consistency of blockchain terminology translations.
Kеywоrds:
blockchain, ICT terminology, linguistic adaptation, translation problems, comparative analysis,
typology, English, Russian, Uzbek, loanwords
INTRОDUСTIОN
With the rapid advancement of digital technologies, blockchain has emerged as a revolutionary concept in
information and communication technologies (ICT). The terminology associated with blockchain is
continually evolving, presenting significant challenges for translation and standardization across different
languages. The translation of blockchain terms from English into Russian and Uzbek is particularly
challenging due to differences in linguistic structures, terminology adaptation processes, and technological
advancements in each language.
This paper aims to analyze blockchain-related terms comparatively and typologically, focusing on the
peculiarities of their translation between English, Russian, and Uzbek. The study will also identify
common translation problems and propose solutions to enhance accuracy, consistency, and clarity in
multilingual blockchain terminology.
MАTЕRIАLS АND MЕTHОDS
The research employs a comparative and typological approach to analyze blockchain terms across three
languages. The methodology includes:
Lexical and Semantic Analysis – Examining blockchain-related terms based on their meaning, usage, and
context in English, Russian, and Uzbek.
Structural Analysis – Studying the morphological and syntactic structures of blockchain terminology in all
three languages.
Translation Equivalence – Identifying equivalents, loanwords, and newly coined terms in Russian and
Uzbek derived from English.
JOURNAL OF IQRO – ЖУРНАЛ ИҚРО – IQRO JURNALI – volume 14, issue 01, 2025
ISSN: 2181-4341, IMPACT FACTOR ( RESEARCH BIB ) – 7,245, SJIF – 5,431
ILMIY METODIK JURNAL
Corpus-Based Study – Analyzing blockchain-related texts, glossaries, and official documents from ICT
sources.
Expert Interviews – Gathering insights from linguists, translators, and blockchain professionals to
understand translation challenges and best practices.
RЕSULTS АND DISСUSSIОN
Most blockchain-related terminology originates in English, as it is the dominant language of technological
innovation and scientific research. Russian and Uzbek, however, adopt and adapt these terms differently
based on linguistic norms and terminological development.
English Term
Russian Equivalent Uzbek Equivalent
Translation Strategy
Blockchain
Блокчейн
Blokcheyn
Loanword/Transliteration
Smart contract
Умный контракт
Aqlli shartnoma
Literal Translation
Cryptocurrency
Криптовалюта
Kriptovalyuta
Loanword
Hash function
Хэш-функция
Hash-funksiya
Loanword/Calque
Decentralization Децентрализация Markazsizlashtirish
Literal Translation
Mining
Майнинг
Mayning
Loanword
English vs. Russian Adaptation
Russian often transliterates English terms rather than creating new native words (e.g., "майнинг" from
"mining").
Some terms, such as "умный контракт" (smart contract), use literal translation rather than borrowing.
Russian ICT terminology is more standardized due to its established scientific lexicon.
English vs. Uzbek Adaptation
Uzbek, unlike Russian, often combines loanwords with local adaptations (e.g., “Aqlli shartnoma” for
“Smart contract”).
Many blockchain terms in Uzbek are direct transliterations, as seen in “Kriptovalyuta” and “Blokcheyn”.
Uzbek translation practices are less formalized, leading to inconsistencies in terminology usage.
Despite the increasing use of blockchain technology in Russia and Uzbekistan, challenges remain in
accurate and consistent translation of its terminology.
1. Lack of Standardized Terminology
Blockchain is a relatively new field, and there are no fixed linguistic standards in many languages,
including Uzbek.
Different organizations and professionals use varying translations, creating inconsistency in terminology.
2. Difficulty in Translating New or Untranslatable Concepts
Some blockchain terms have no direct equivalent in Russian or Uzbek, making them hard to translate.
JOURNAL OF IQRO – ЖУРНАЛ ИҚРО – IQRO JURNALI – volume 14, issue 01, 2025
ISSN: 2181-4341, IMPACT FACTOR ( RESEARCH BIB ) – 7,245, SJIF – 5,431
ILMIY METODIK JURNAL
Technical concepts like "fork," "gas fee," "immutable ledger" require contextual adaptation.
3. Influence of Loanwords and Unnecessary Borrowings
Many Russian and Uzbek blockchain terms are direct transliterations of English terms, which may not
always be intuitive to native speakers.
In Uzbek, excessive borrowing from Russian or English sometimes hinders comprehension among general
users.
4. Syntactic and Morphological Challenges
СОNСLUSIОN
The translation of blockchain terminology from English to Russian and Uzbek presents significant
linguistic and conceptual challenges. Loanwords, syntactic complexity, and the absence of established
equivalents make accurate translation difficult. A comparative and typological analysis highlights the need
for standardized terminology, context-based translations, and linguistic adaptation for effective
communication in the blockchain industry.
To address these challenges, multilingual collaboration between linguists, IT professionals, and
policymakers is essential. The implementation of standardized terminology, contextual adaptation,
academic discussions, and AI-driven translation tools can enhance the clarity, accessibility, and accuracy of
blockchain-related language use in Russian and Uzbek.
RЕFЕRЕNСЕS:
1.
Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. Retrieved from
https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf
2.
Oxford Blockchain Research Centre. (2021). Blockchain Terminology and Standardization.
Retrieved from https://www.oxfordblockchain.com
3.
Russian Blockchain Association. (2022). Glossary of Blockchain Terms in Russian. Retrieved from
https://www.blockchainrussia.ru/glossary
4.
Uzbek Academy of Sciences. (2023). Blockchain and ICT Terminology in Uzbek. Retrieved from
https://www.uzscience.uz/blockchain
1.
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