JOURNAL OF IQRO – ЖУРНАЛ ИҚРО – IQRO JURNALI – volume 15, issue 01, 2025
ISSN: 2181-4341, IMPACT FACTOR ( RESEARCH BIB ) – 7,245, SJIF – 5,431
ILMIY METODIK JURNAL
Mekhriniso Izatovna Bakayeva
Asian International University
TYPES OF CLUSTERS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN PHYSICS LESSONS
Annotation:
One of the interactive methods in physics is a cluster, an effective approach that
increases the activity of students and connects knowledge with practice. This article shows the
application of the cluster method using specific examples and experiments, as well as how to
improve the process of student learning based on the information presented in graphs and tables.
Keywords:
cluster, modern pedagogical technologies, pedagogical, didactic strategy, classical
cluster, paper cluster, interactive method.
ТИПЫ КЛАСТЕРОВ И ИХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ НА УРОКАХ ФИЗИКИ
Аннотация:
Одним из интерактивных методов в физике является кластер, эффективный
подход, повышающий активность учащихся и связывающий знания с практикой. В данной
статье на конкретных примерах и экспериментах показано применение кластерного
метода, а также как можно улучшить процесс обучения учащихся на основе информации,
представленной в графиках и таблицах.
Ключевые слова:
кластер, современные педагогические технологии, педагогическая,
дидактическая стратегия, классический кластер, бумажный кластер, интерактивный метод.
Introduction.
Today, in developed countries, opportunities are being created for the use of
modern pedagogical technologies that guarantee the effectiveness of the educational process.
One of the important requirements for the organization of modern education is to achieve high
results in a short time without spending excessive mental and physical effort. Delivering certain
theoretical knowledge to students in a short time, forming skills and competencies in them for a
specific activity, as well as monitoring the activities of students, assessing the level of knowledge,
skills and competencies acquired by them requires high pedagogical skills and a new approach to
the educational process from the teacher. As a result of the use of interactive methods, students'
skills of independent thinking, analysis, drawing conclusions, expressing their opinion,
defending it with justification, healthy communication, discussion, and debate are formed and
developed.
Interactive method - the interaction between students and the teacher in the educational process
serves to activate the students' assimilation of knowledge and develop their personal qualities.
The use of interactive methods helps to improve the quality of the lesson.
The main criteria for interactive education are: informal discussions, the ability to freely present
and express educational material, a small number of lectures but a large number of seminars,
opportunities for students to take initiative, assignments for working in small groups, large
groups, class teams, written assignments, and other methods, which are of particular importance
in increasing the effectiveness of educational work.
Main part.
The cluster, which is widely used in educational institutions, is effective in
implementing the educational process as a whole, in solving problems, in rationally organizing
the lesson process, in increasing the interest of learners by the teacher, in dividing the
JOURNAL OF IQRO – ЖУРНАЛ ИҚРО – IQRO JURNALI – volume 15, issue 01, 2025
ISSN: 2181-4341, IMPACT FACTOR ( RESEARCH BIB ) – 7,245, SJIF – 5,431
ILMIY METODIK JURNAL
educational material into small parts and revealing their content, in using methods such as
brainstorming, work in small groups, debate, problem situations, projects, role-playing games, in
independently performing practical exercises, in thinking about an activity or problem, in mutual
dialogue, in mutual debate, in solving problems together. The advantage of this method is that it
teaches the student to think independently and prepares him for an independent life. When
choosing cluster teaching methods, the purpose of education, the number and capabilities of
learners, the educational and material conditions of the educational institution, the duration of
education, the pedagogical skills of the teacher, etc. are taken into account.
Interactive methods are based on the activity of each student participating in the educational
process, free and independent thinking.
When using these methods, learning becomes an interesting activity for the student. When using
interactive methods, students acquire the skills and abilities to work independently with the help
and cooperation of teachers. Students acquire new knowledge on the basis of scientific research,
investigation, and experimental testing. The principle of acquiring knowledge through science is
followed.
The cluster method is a specific form of pedagogical and didactic strategy that helps learners
create conditions for free, open thinking and free expression of ideas on arbitrary problems
(topics). This method requires identifying a structure that allows them to think about the
connections between different ideas. The cluster method is considered a form of thinking that is
not directed at a specific object. Its use is based on the principle of the human brain. This method
serves to ensure the continuity of thinking until a specific topic is deeply and thoroughly
mastered by learners. The cluster method also activates learners and encourages independent
thinking, and encourages the active participation of the teacher and learner, who are at the center
of the educational process. The learner actively participates throughout the learning process. In
this process, learners develop a high level of learning, initiative and responsibility in adapting the
acquired knowledge to their goals and needs, and the ability to reflect through practical
implementation, support, and accountability.
Currently, various non-traditional forms of teaching are being introduced. Such lessons serve to
develop the student's creative abilities, strengthen his intellectual potential, broaden his scientific
outlook, and form the skills and competencies to quickly and fully absorb any innovation.
Clustering is a pedagogical strategy that helps students delve deeper into a topic by teaching
them to ‘branch out’ a concept or specific idea related to the topic in a free and open sequence.
This method can serve to accelerate and expand students’ thinking skills before delving deeper
into a topic. It also encourages students to consolidate, better understand, generalize, and express
their ideas on the topic in the form of drawings. This method is aimed at teaching logical
thinking, expanding the scope of general thinking, and independent use of literature. It serves to
accelerate and expand students’ thinking before delving deeper into a topic.
“Cluster” method:
Using the cluster method in physics lessons is an effective approach for
students to gain a deeper understanding of topics and see the interrelationships between various
physical phenomena and concepts. Using the cluster method, complex topics can be divided into
small, logical parts and approached through groups (clusters).
The cluster method is a method that activates learners and encourages independent thinking, is at
the center of the educational process, and encourages the teacher and learner to actively
participate. The learner actively participates in the learning process. In this process, learners
develop a high level of learning, initiative and responsibility in adapting the acquired knowledge
JOURNAL OF IQRO – ЖУРНАЛ ИҚРО – IQRO JURNALI – volume 15, issue 01, 2025
ISSN: 2181-4341, IMPACT FACTOR ( RESEARCH BIB ) – 7,245, SJIF – 5,431
ILMIY METODIK JURNAL
to their goals and needs, and the ability to reflect on their own actions through practical
implementation.
The use of cluster methods in the learning process has its own unique characteristics. The cluster
method used in educational practice expands students' thinking and has a positive effect on
finding the right solution to the problem. Through the cluster method, students' knowledge, skills,
competencies, creativity and active approach to theoretical and practical problems are developed.
There are several types of clustering. In a classic cluster, the teacher writes a key word on the
board and asks students to write down all the words they know on the topic in their notebooks or
on sheets of paper. Then, a general cluster is created from all the students' notes and written on
the board. A tree-shaped cluster can also be used for this. The student writes the main concept in
the middle of the sheet and draws arrows in different directions from it, connecting this word
with others, in turn, the rays getting farther and farther away.
Paper cluster. The teacher gives students flashcards with words, sentences, or texts written on
them and gives them a key word. Students must stick the word cards around the main card,
making logical connections between them and the central concept.
The following instructions are given to the students:
Write down whatever comes to mind. Don’t think about the quality of your thoughts, just
write them down.
Don’t stop writing until the allotted time is up. If you can’t think of an idea for a certain
period of time, start drawing something on paper. Continue this process until a new idea comes
to mind.
Don’t worry about the spelling or other aspects of your writing.
Try to come up with as many new ideas as possible within a given concept and show the
connections and relationships between these ideas. Don’t limit yourself to showing the quality of
the set of ideas and the connections between them.
Other types of clusters are also used: with numbered words, pictures, inverted or with a group.
Creating a cluster is an interesting way to learn physics. Its advantages over traditional teaching
are significant. The cluster method takes the learning process to a higher level. This is not just
memorizing the given information, but the ability to use what is known, model it and draw your
own conclusions.
The sequence of clustering is as follows:
1. A “Key” word or phrase is written in the middle of a large sheet of paper or on the blackboard
or on a surface that can be used for writing;
2. Words and phrases that are considered relevant to the topic and that come to mind are written;
3. As ideas arise and are written, possible connections between ideas are identified;
4. All ideas that come to mind are written until the ideas run out or the time runs out;
5. The words and thoughts that are brought up are divided into categories based on their content
and proximity.
JOURNAL OF IQRO – ЖУРНАЛ ИҚРО – IQRO JURNALI – volume 15, issue 01, 2025
ISSN: 2181-4341, IMPACT FACTOR ( RESEARCH BIB ) – 7,245, SJIF – 5,431
ILMIY METODIK JURNAL
The participation of all students in the group in clustering serves as a core of ideas for this group.
Conclusion.
The cluster can be used throughout the lesson, as a general lesson strategy at all its
stages. Thus, at the very beginning, children record all their information. Gradually, during the
lesson, new information is added to the diagram. It is recommended to highlight it in a different
color. This method emphasizes the main thing, develops the ability to guess and predict, fill in
and analyze. Creating a cluster allows students to think freely and openly about the topic. The
cluster method can be used in almost all lessons, when studying various topics.
When using this method, the form of work can be absolutely any: individual, group and
collective. For example, at the test stage this will be individual work, in which each student
creates his own cluster in his notebook. After the new knowledge is mastered, a general graphic
diagram is drawn up as a joint discussion of the material covered, based on personal drawings
and taking into account the knowledge gained in the lesson. The cluster can be used as a method
of organizing work in the classroom and as homework.
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ILMIY METODIK JURNAL
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