The psychological components of learning English are examined in this topic, along with how learners’ cognitive capacities change over time and the difficulties they encounter. It explores how motivation, fear of making mistakes, language hurdles, cultural sensitivity, and communication skills affect learning. This study examines the psychological elements of learning a second language, with a particular emphasis on the difficulties and changes encountered by students taking English classes. It looks into the motivation, anxiety, beliefs, and learning techniques that are all part of the cognitive and affective processes that underpin language acquisition. After that, a qualitative investigation including interviews is presented. After that, a qualitative study that involved watching and interviewing students during English classes is presented. The study’s conclusions shed light on how learners’ psychological makeup changes over time, emphasizing how their drive, self-assurance, and linguistic abilities gradually improve. The article also lists the main obstacles that students face, including language anxiety, a lack of desire, and trouble comprehending intricate grammatical patterns.
