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PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIPS AND PARENTING
STYLES WITHIN THE FAMILY
Karakalpak State University, Faculty of Art History
Department of Applied Psychology
3rd Year Student: Sadullayeva Guzal Ergashevna
Annotatsiya:
Bilamizki, Ota-onalar bilan bola o'rtasidagi munosabatlar
oilaning asosiy va markaziy qismi hisoblanadi. Bu munosabatlarning sifatli bo'lishi,
bola shaxsiyatining rivojlanishiga katta ta'sir ko'rsatadi. Oila tarbiyasi esa, bola
hayotidagi dastlabki ta'sirchan muhitni yaratadi. UShbu maqolada esa Oilada ota
onalarning munosabatlari va tarbiya uslublari, shu bilan birgalikda, ularning
farzandlarining kelajakdagi ta'siri haqida yoritilgan.
Аннотация:
Мы знаем, что отношения между родителями и ребенком
являются основной и центральной частью семьи. Именно качество отношений
оказывает большое влияние на развитие личности ребенка. С другой стороны,
семейное воспитание создает раннюю аффективную атмосферу в жизни
ребенка. Однако в этой статье рассказывается об отношениях и стилях
воспитания родителей в семье, а также о будущем влиянии их детей.
Abstract:
We know that the relationship between parents and a child is the
main and central part of the family. It is the quality of the relationship that has a
great impact on the development of a child's personality. On the other hand, family
education creates an early effective atmosphere in a child's life. However, this article
talks about the relationships and parenting styles of parents in the family, as well as
the future influence of their children.
Kalit so’zlar:
Avtoritar ota-ona uslubi, demokratik ota-ona uslubi, g'amxo'r
ota-ona uslubi, haddan tashqari himoya, oilada ota-onaning do'stona uslubi, ota-ona
va bola munosabatlari
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Scientific Horizon ISSN: 3060-5261
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Ключевые слова:
Авторитарный стиль воспитания,
Демократический стиль воспитания, Заботливый стиль
воспитания, чрезмерная защита, Попустительский стиль
воспитания в семье.
Keywords:
Authoritarian Parenting Style, Democratic
Parenting Style, Caring parenting style, overprotection, Conniving family parenting
style.
The parenting style in a family refers to a set of attitudes, concepts, principles,
and values that create the conditions for a child's development and preparation for
life in society. While the dominant type of parental influence is usually considered,
it is also important to take into account who dominates in the family and how they
do so, as well as the significance of each family member's impact on the child.
However, it is common to see disagreements between parents regarding the same
actions of the child, depending on the style of their relationship. In psychology, there
are six main types of parenting styles: authoritarian, permissive, democratic,
uninvolved, rejecting, and over-protective. Each style has its own unique
characteristics and can affect a child's mental health and personal growth in different
ways.
There are several different parenting styles in families. Let's take a look at some
of them. For example,
Authoritarian Parenting Style
Under an authoritarian parenting style, parents suppress a child's independence,
strictly directing and controlling their actions and decisions. They use physical
punishment, coercion, and shouting to discipline for even minor infractions. Parents
give orders and instructions, without considering the child's opinion or offering
compromise. In these families, obedience and respect for tradition are highly valued,
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and rules are not discussed. Parents believe they are always right and
disobedience should be punished, often through physical means.
Children's independence is limited, as parents do not feel the need to
justify their demands or offer explanations. As a result, children are
deprived of love, affection, and empathy from their parents, who
only care about raising them to be obedient. Parents strictly monitor the homework
of younger students, sometimes even standing next to them and putting pressure on
them in an attempt to make them act independently. In response, children use various
strategies to protect themselves, such as crying or feigning helplessness. This can
lead to children losing interest in learning and having difficulty concentrating in
class.
Teachers working with these students should be aware that they may have little
interest in learning, but they are often eager to receive high grades at any cost. These
students may react poorly to criticism and always find someone to blame when
things go wrong. They may struggle to make friends, as they are not able to give
selflessly or adapt to a group setting. Instead, they tend to want to be the center of
attention and may blame others for their own problems. Parents of these students
often complain that their children do not enjoy school and are not allowed to express
themselves. In reality, these children may ignore or reject the suggestions of their
teachers and classmates, harshly criticizing everything that occurs in the classroom
without offering any solutions.
Democratic Parenting Style
A democratic parenting style is characterized by warm relationships between
parents and children, moderate discipline, and hopes for their future. It also involves
frequent communication and caring for children's emotional well-being. Democratic
parents create a loving atmosphere in the home and provide emotional support. They
are firm and consistent in their expectations, yet fair in their approach. They
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encourage personal responsibility and independence in their children
according to their age and abilities. This style of parenting differs
from conniving parenting, which is often based on manipulation and
control.
Parents create discipline by using rational and problem-solving
strategies to ensure their children's independence and, if necessary, adherence to
group rules. They require their children to conform to established standards of
behavior and monitor their compliance. "Family rules are more democratic than
authoritarian." Parents use reasonable arguments, discussions, and persuasion
instead of force to achieve mutual understanding with their children. They equally
listen to their children and express their expectations to them. Children have an
alternative: they are encouraged to propose solutions and take responsibility for their
actions. As a result, these children believe in themselves and the possibility of
fulfilling their responsibilities. When parents respect their children's opinions and
values, it benefits both parties.
The impact of a democratic parenting style on a child's personality: According
to research, children from democratic families rank first in terms of self-esteem,
ability to lead, and faith in their parents' beliefs. They respect authority, are
responsible, and control their desires. These children are more confident and
responsible, so they are less likely to abuse drugs or alcohol and engage in criminal
activity. They also experience fewer phobias, depression, and aggression. The
research also shows that these children are less susceptible to negative peer
influences and more successful in forming positive relationships with their peers. A
democratic parenting style balances control and independence, resulting in
competent, responsible, independent, and confident children. These children are
more likely to develop high self-esteem and self-confidence, less aggression, and
generally achieve greater success in life.
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Conniving family parenting style
From a young age, parents give the child complete freedom of
action. Adults in these families are often busy with their own lives.
They don't pay much attention to the child's mental state, and they
are indifferent to their needs and requests. Sometimes they don't
even consider it necessary to pay attention.
Parents use inconsistent and clumsy methods of punishment and reward. They
can punish a child and then immediately reward him. The main way of education in
these families is "carrot and stick". Parents build their relationships with their
children in such a way that they inadvertently cultivate the search for beneficial
forms of interaction, encouraging the development of qualities such as obedience,
flattery, and sycophancy in children.
The influence of a permissive parenting style on children's character: Children
from such families often show a lack of interest in mental or physical work. During
lessons, they become quickly tired and try to avoid working under any pretext. These
students often treat teachers' assignments and responsibilities unfairly, and can be
self-confident to the point of being rude.
Surprisingly, children from permissive families often become the most
unhappy. They are more likely to experience psychological problems such as
depression and phobias. There is also a high likelihood of them engaging in
antisocial behavior. Research has shown a connection between permissive
upbringing and juvenile delinquency, substance abuse, and early sexual activity.
Since children have not been taught how to control their behavior, they are less likely
to develop a sense of self-esteem. This lack of discipline leads them to want to
establish some form of supervision, so they "put a lot of effort into trying to control
their parents and get them to control them."
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The influence of an unsupportive parenting style on children's
adaptation in society is significant. Unmet psychological needs can
lead children to become vulnerable and unable to handle daily
challenges, preventing them from fully participating in society. This,
in turn, hinders their social development and the formation of
positive self-esteem. Without high goals and expectations, children often have
difficulty controlling impulses and tend to be immature and unwilling to take
responsibility.
As teenagers grow older, they may come into conflict with adults who do not
understand their needs, are unable to consider the interests of others, and do not
establish strong emotional connections. They may also feel fear and uncertainty
about the future, as they are not prepared for the restrictions and responsibilities that
come with adulthood. On the other hand, teenagers may perceive the lack of parental
guidance as a sign of indifference or emotional rejection. This can lead to feelings
of fear and insecurity, as they seek guidance and support from others.
Caring parenting style (overprotection)
The desire to constantly be around the child, solving all the problems that arise
for them. Parents closely monitor the child's behavior and limit their independent
actions, worrying that something might happen to them. Underlying the mother's
desire to "tie" the child to her, not letting go of them, are often feelings of anxiety.
The need for constant presence becomes a ritual that reduces anxiety, especially the
fear of loneliness or lack of recognition. Therefore, anxious mothers are more likely
to be protective.
Effects of overprotective parenting on a child's personality:Despite the external
care provided, the overprotective parenting style can lead, on the one hand, to an
excessive emphasis on the child's importance, and on the other - to the development
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of anxiety, helplessness, and delayed social maturity. The child
grows up feeling helpless, insecure, and neurotic, which can lead to
difficulties in socializing.
Some adolescents may try to escape from their parents'
excessive control and attention, becoming aggressive, disobedient,
and self-centered. Constant monitoring and restrictions may also foster a child's
ability to become sneaky and cunning over time. In adolescence, children may begin
to use lies as a defense mechanism against adults' constant interference in their lives,
leading to alienation and distance from parents, which is especially dangerous at that
age. A child who is accustomed to excessive care may become obedient and
comfortable with their parents. However, this external obedience often masks self-
doubt, lack of self-reliance, and fear of making mistakes. The consequence of
overprotecting a child can be the development of dependence on others, including
negative influences from other people. This can lead to dependence, financial
difficulties, infantilism, self-doubt, avoidance of risks, and contradictory personality
traits, as well as lack of timely communication skills.
In conclusion,
each parenting style has its advantages and disadvantages. The
most effective style that meets a child's needs and characteristics is based on
democratic principles. Parents need to constantly monitor their child's mental and
emotional state, behavior, and development. A mutually respectful relationship
between parents and children and the right parenting style help form a balanced and
healthy personality.
FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR RO’YXATI:
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Scientific Horizon ISSN: 3060-5261
Volume 1, Issue 2, Series B 2025
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