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EFFECTS OF TRANSPORT FLOWS ON CITY PASSENGERS
Mansurov Mukhammadyakub Kunduzovich
Senior Lecturer, Andijan State Technical Institute.
Annotation:
The transport sector around the world is changing rapidly, and until recently, the
main hypothesis of the local passenger transport community was that the existing modal
landscape of cars, buses, and taxis could not be imagined to develop as it does now. This article
presents proposals and solutions to problems related to passenger transportation, traffic flow
management, and effective organization. It was also analyzed internationally through Vosviewer.
Keywords
: transport, passenger transport, public transport, education, system.
Introduction
. The current period is characterized by the rapid development of cities,
improvement of improvement works, and a sharp increase in the number of city residents. In
such conditions, providing high-quality transport services to city residents requires further
development of urban passenger transport and the development of new and more efficient modes
of transportation [1]. The organization of road transport in the city transport network has its own
characteristics. It should be noted that the main complexity of managing passenger transportation
processes in cities is the uncertainty in the formation of transport flows [2,3]. The impact of most
factors affecting the size of passenger flow is changing over time and has a probabilistic
character.
Fig. 1
. Countries engaged in urban passenger transport
The multi-phase study was based on individual in-depth interviews with 50 senior local
passenger transport operators, government officials, lobbyists and experts from New Zealand and
around the world; and four validation workshops with 28 sector stakeholders [4].
Methodology
. The data was analyzed using mostly pre-determined themes from which four
scenarios were constructed and then validated. The implications are that the local passenger
transport system is about to transition to a system of shared mobility; public transport will need
to evolve to remain relevant but will remain important in any scenario; and the role of the
government will be vital in overseeing the transition to the era of shared mobility. These lessons
are now being used to inform transport and broader policy decisions across New Zealand [5].
Overall, the study is the first to apply such a global and qualitatively rich dataset to view the
long-term future local passenger transport system as a whole.
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Much has been written about the accelerating pace of societal and technological change, but until
recently, such statements were not typically applied to the public transport sector. Indeed, the
operational concept underlying the bus (i.e., large vehicles on fixed routes and operating on fixed
schedules) has not fundamentally changed as a concept since its introduction almost 200 years
ago (Agarwal et al., 2019; Vuchic, 2007; Potter et al., 2019). However, there is growing
evidence that this perspective is now beginning to change, with several recent reports
emphasizing the need to understand the changing mobility landscape and its implications for the
public transport sector. Thus, the UK government policy paper, The Future of Mobility (GOfS
2019), proclaimed this to be "a time of unprecedented change in the transport system," while
KPMG's Mobility 2030 study reported that technological innovation will "completely disrupt"
the mobility ecosystem within a decade (KPMG, 2019).
In response to this situation, in August 2015, the New Zealand Ministry of Transport (NZMOT)
commissioned the Public Transport 2045 (PT2045) study to consider how different local public
transport futures might affect society over a 30-year time horizon, and how governments might
best respond to ensure the "best" possible outcomes. The latter goal reflects the strong influence
that transport systems have on the viability of cities. A role for policy makers during a
technological and behavioral transition is to envision the types of places their citizens can live in
and to shape the involved urban transport systems. The purpose of this paper is to present the
results of this study.
Result and discussion
. The formation of passenger flows is also influenced by time of day, days
of the week, and seasons of the year.
The demand for urban passenger transport services can be estimated based on the study and
analysis of passenger flows. To a certain extent, the study of flows can also provide information
about population movement between different territorial districts, areas, and addresses of the city
territory. Flows arise from the need for passengers to move around the city.
Fig 2.
Passenger traffic types.
Although there are currently many methods for monitoring and analyzing passenger flows, the
following two disadvantages are common to all of them:
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1) the study of passenger flows is carried out in a certain area of the city at a certain time interval,
however, the results obtained in this case are generalized to the whole city and used for all time
intervals;
2) the studied situation belongs to the past, but its results are used for future solutions. In other
words, the studied passenger flow is the result of the actual fulfillment of transport demand in the
past, and the expected flow in the future may differ from it;
3) The study and analysis of flows is a very labor-intensive activity (thousands of man-hours),
which requires very large expenditures. The problem can be solved through mathematical
models that reflect the relationship between the expected volume of transportation in the future
and the factors causing the movement of the city's population. It is important to consider the
factors of the following three groups that shape the transport mobility of the population when
determining the future size of passenger flows (Figure 1):
The first group of factors
allows us to characterize the conditions of passenger transportation:
city planning and planning; location of residential areas, cultural recreation areas, trade centers
and industrial enterprises, field yards; location of road networks and infrastructure; observed
time - season, month, days of the week, hours of the day, etc.
The second group of factors
characterizes the population's demand for passenger transportation.
The segmentation of this demand depends on the social and professional structure of the city's
population. This largely depends on their requirements for the price of the transport ticket, speed
of movement, convenience, reliability, and safety. The indicator of passenger demand grouping
for urban transport can be a socio-economic assessment of the time spent on their movement.
The third group of factors
is explained by the competitive environment of urban passenger
transport. Carriers with various forms of organization and ownership participate in the urban
transport services market: joint-stock companies, limited liability companies, or private
entrepreneurs, etc.
The activities of urban passenger carriers are carried out within the framework of current legal
and regulatory provisions and under the control and influence of the city authorities.
Management of passenger transportation processes in the city is the effective satisfaction of the
population's needs based on the effective planning and management of passenger flows and the
delivery of relevant information from destination to destination. The purpose, objectives, and
indicators of planned transport services are determined by the population's transportation needs.
The logistical goal of public transport activities is to minimize total costs while being able to
fulfill the tasks of providing services to the population.
The criteria for providing transport services to the population are determined based on the extent
to which the requirements for the volume and quality of transportation must be fully met. For
example, it is necessary to ensure the precise implementation of the established action schedule.
The higher the requirements for the service level, the higher its price. But price itself cannot be
an objective function, so a certain compromise must be found. The main problem in determining
the purpose of transport services is the need to take into account all the interests of society. In
doing so, we should not limit ourselves to considering the interests of vehicle owners or public
transport companies.
In this regard, it is necessary to take into account the implementation of the following stages in
order to achieve the goal based on the formation and application of a strategic logistics
management model of passenger transportation processes in the city:
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Stage 1
: the political and social goals of the city management bodies to improve the quality of
passenger transportation processes in the city and justification of ways to achieve them;
2nd stage
: to determine the factors affecting the criteria for the population's choice of means of
transport in the city, to influence these factors in order to increase the convenience of urban
passenger transport;
Step 3:
determine the costs necessary to ensure the development trajectory of the logistics
system, compare them with existing opportunities, and, if necessary, identify sources of
additional opportunities.
Based on the implementation of the above steps, the necessary levels of indicators of the impact
of passenger transportation services on traffic safety will be determined.
The following can be indicated as such indicators:
1) walking distance to the stops of the passenger transport route;
2) operational qualities of the passenger transport vehicle (capacity, ease of walking, etc.).
Regardless of the ownership of the buses, they mainly run on pre-determined routes and provide
transport services to the population.
The concept of route plays a crucial role in defining and resolving issues related to organizing
and managing passenger transportation processes. In short, it is necessary to implement the
political and social goals of the strategic logistics management model of passenger transportation
processes in the city. The analysis shows that the importance of transport in the private sector is
growing day by day. The main reason for this is the creation of various forms of private
ownership, the adoption of laws and decisions on the development and protection of small and
medium-sized businesses, and the creation of conditions for free competition between them and
their legal protection.
The transport system is about to transition to a system of "shared mobility." Three of the four
scenarios envision futures in which private car ownership has drastically declined because
alternatives have developed that people find more attractive. So, in 'Shared Shuttles', increasing
urban density makes it easier for many people to access work, education, recreation, and friends
or
Conclusion
, this work is original because it is the first study to take such a broad view of the
long-term future passenger transport system while using such a qualitatively rich and globally
diverse set of interview and workshop data. Specifically, the study draws on 50 in-depth
interviews with practitioners from New Zealand and around the world, the results of which were
then validated in four workshops attended by a total of 28 practitioners.
Due to the fact that the questions posed in this study were primarily intended for a government
study, survey respondents were assured that raw data would remain confidential and would not
be shared.
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