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412
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION AS A RESULT OF EXPOSURE TO CHEMICAL
INDUSTRIES
Nazarova Firuza Ilkhomovna
Bukhara State Medical Institute.
firuza.nazarova@bsmi.uz
Annotation:
Environmental policy is a complex of policies aimed at protecting the natural
environment that surrounds us, taking into account the requirements and recommendations of the
science of Ecology, and its recovery, the effective use of Natural Resources and their enrichment.
Usually, such policies can be carried out within the state, regional and global framework and
provide for the creation and observance of legal foundations (laws)for Nature Conservation in
itself.
Keywords:
Environment, copper, soil, industrial enterprises, ecology, chemical elements,
atmosphere.
The sources of environmental pollution by chemical elements and substances are mainly
industrial metalworking waste, combustion products of various fuels, automobile exhaust and
exhaust gases, agricultural chemicals, etc. If the most dangerous chemical elements for the
environment and, of course, for humans are mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, selenium, fluorine,
then mercury, lead and cadmium are especially dangerous among them.
On average, the metallurgical industry annually releases an average of 35-40 tons of mercury,
850-900 tons of cobalt, 1500-2000 tons of zinc and 180-250 thousand tons of copper into the
environment.
The coke production industry is considered one of the main sectors that pollute the environment,
on average,at the expense of one ton of products when the Coke is increased to the furnace
(furnace) furnace and spreading to the recipients, cyanides-0.0005, ammonia-0.072, hydrogen
sulfide-0.58, dust-0.84, hydrocarbons-0.20 kg are released.
In the process of producing cast iron and steel, one ton of products formed in Marten furnaces
will contain 8-12 kg of dust, 2.0-3.0 kg of IS gas,1-1.5 kg of sulfide anhydride, 2-4 kg of
nitrogen oxides emissions.
Another network of environmental pollutants are thermal power plants, with Coke, gas, fuel oil
and tocoam burning in boilers that produce electricity. The sulfur content in the Rock is 1-8%,
when burned, it does not burn until 10-12% of the sulfur in it is full, the burned 88-90% of
various substances mix with air in chemical processes, rise to atmospheric air in the case of SO
2
,
SO
3
gas, and cool in the air, interacting with water in the air (N
2
O).
These substances, on the other hand, are aggressive factors that negatively affect the entire living
nature, including Man and the world of plants. If 1 kg of stoneware contains 4% sulfur, 20 m3 of
air is needed for fuel combustion, 40 gr of sulfur is absorbed into the air, 36 grams of it is light
volatile sulfur, forming 72 grams of sulfate dioxide. This means that every 1m3 atmospheric air
contains 7.2 grams of sulfide dioxide (SO2). Also in the process of combustion of stoneware, 30-
35% of ash is released into the air. It is the GRES in Angren, Ohonoron and SHirin that burn
several thousand tons of coal overnight. For example, the thermal power plant company
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"electrositede frans" in the United States Burns 1.7-2.0 thousand tons of coal overnight, 51-60
thousand tons in a month, resulting in 33 tons of sulfate dioxide and 250 tons of ash rising into
the air every day.
With the development of industrial production, the population of cities where these industrial
enterprises are located suffers greatly. Including every 1 km2 of New York City, an average of
20-25 tons per month, and in Tokyo, up to 50 tons of land is falling. In London (1952), a week-
long chemically polluted (poisoned) fog caused 4,000 deaths at a time, which amounted to
several thousand, or in December 1962 it was again in the same city of London that 750 people
died from a chemically poisoned entity.
Non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy is one of the main environmental pollutants, large
metallurgical combines emit an average of 400-650 tons to 3 thousand tons of various chemical
elements, substances and dust into the atmosphere overnight. In the processes in the production
of aluminum, in particular, the burning of raw materials during grinding, mainly fluoride
hydrogen (HF) fluorides in the gaseous state are released into the air, such as aluminum, is gas,
carbohydrates, sulfate anhydride, etc. For example, to obtain 1 ton of aluminum, 35-48 kg of
fluorine is spent, of which 60-65% hydrogen fluoride spreads to the environment. The fluorine
element is distributed to the environment mainly by smoke and waste from aluminum plants, as
well as various pesticides and insecticides.
Fluorine is the most active (active) and easiest reacting element in metalloids with other
elements, although the micromix is essential for the life of living organisms, but its macromix is
very dangerous for life. A high concentration of fluoride makes bones and nails brittle, spills the
tooth, sharply disrupts the activity of blood vessels. Negatively affects soil microflora,
invertebrates and plants.
Mercury is the most dangerous chemical element for living organisms, and its methyl mercury
compound (SN3Hg) is formed by the interaction of inorganic compounds in nature under
anaerobic conditions, with organic substances. Methyl mercury (SN3Hg) is an extremely
dangerous toxic substance that is released into the human div through water, soil, plants and
other nutritional chains, and has a powerful effect on the kidneys, liver, even the brain, disabling
the nervous system or causing death.
100 in lead-fodder mg.kg lead causes the death of animals. The duration of permeability of lead
compounds in the soil to the div is longer than that of the methylsimob compound, which
maintains its strength of action for several years. The increase in lead in the soil causes
microorganisms, rodents and rodents to decrease in kesuin. When 0.1-0.5% lead is added to the
soil, the development of a column of bacteria decreases by 50-75%.
Arsenic-falls into the soil, through the waste of coal ash, metallurgy and mineral fertilizer
industry. This element is very poisonous, in soils poisoned by the same element, the rain worm
butinlay is destroyed. The amount of arsenic in the composition of the soil is 165 mg.kg when
reaching the planted corn planted in the same soil does not produce a crop. When the amount of
arsenic in one kg of soil reaches one hundred to one mg, the same soil is considered extremely
poisoned with arsenic, in which the person who consumed the grown crop dies.
The fact is not that waste from industrial enterprises, farm household service enterprises moves
over the years in the soil, water or atmospheric air, passing from one species to another. In
particular, DDT (dust), lead, zinc, arsenic, miss, vanadium, molybdenum, cadmium, mercury,
antimony and a number of other chemical elements accumulate over time in the soil, water or air
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as extremely toxic compounds. The saddest thing is that chemical toxic substances accumulated
in water and air circulate along the Earth's Kurra with water and air.
For this reason, more than three thousand tons of dust (DDT) chemicals have accumulated in the
most remote Antarctic glaciers, and Tyulen pingivin living in this distant region have even been
identified from the liver of white bears, chemical toxic substances characteristic of various
industries and agriculture.
Industrialized cities are increasingly suffering from rickets in children with nervous and heart
disease in older people due to the fact that the atmospheric air does not reach the earth full of
sunlight, which is useful for a person by covering the air with fog at the expense of smoke, soot,
dust. In an example of this, referring to the data of the Erisman Research Institute, the average
annual dust content in atmospheric air was 0.01 MG in 1m3havo in green pastures, 0.14 MG in
populated Avul, 0.16 MG in urban air, compared to 0.28 MG in industrially developed central
industrial cities. S.When more than 500 schoolchildren underwent medical examinations in the
regions where the central heat-producing stations were located, according to Goldberg's data,
various non-standard conditions were observed in the lungs of 60% of them, while 17.3%
reported the initial stages of silicosis.
The development of industrial enterprises, the increasing availability of vehicles is considered a
hygiene-environmental measure that will not be delayed at all to obtain an increase in the volume
of communal services Sox, garbage dumps that do not meet various decentralized ordinary
hygiene requirements around the city.
Any chemical contamination is the occurrence of a chemical substance in an unusual
environment for it. Harmful emissions caused by human activity are characterized by causing
tragic consequences for the environment.
Waste can lead to severe damage, chronic diseases and even mutations. For example, heavy
metals accumulate in plant and living organisms and have a toxic effect on them. Chlordioxin,
which is considered separately harmful in addition to heavy metals, comes out as a residual
substance in the extraction of gebricide from chlorine – containing compounds of aromatic
hydrocarbons. Again, this substance is also excreted from cellulose as a residue in paper
development, in the metallurgical industry. This substance is very harmful to humans and
animals, and a small amount also injures the main organs, such as the liver, kidneys and immune
system.
Currently, the one-to-one method of environmental pollution remains waste-producing
technologies. Technologies are being created for the processing of residual substances and the
processing of waste in another area. In environmentally friendly ways, the technology of
obtaining fuel, energy reduces environmental pollution.
In conclusion, it is impossible to establish our current age without the chemical industry. The
chemical industry is used in all areas. In this case, many harmful substances, gases are released
with what is being produced. This leads to pollution of the environment, harmful gases in nature,
pollution of water bodies. Pollution of nature causes an increase in diseases. To avoid this, it is
necessary to apply waste-free technologies.
List of literature
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415
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