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DESCRIPTION OF THE CORN VARIETIES USED IN THE EXPERIMENT
Iminov Abduvali Abdumannobovich,
PhD, professor, Tashkent State Agrarian University
Khurramova Nilufar Murad kizi
PhD student, Tashkent State Agrarian University
Annotation:
This article provides a detailed description of various corn (Zea mays) varieties
used in agricultural experiments. It highlights the key characteristics of five prominent corn
varieties: Dent Corn, Sweet Corn, Popcorn, Flint Corn, and Waxy Corn. Each variety is
described in terms of its kernel structure, growth cycle, yield potential, and primary uses. The
article explores the reasons for selecting specific corn varieties in experiments based on their
distinct attributes, such as disease resistance, quality, and adaptability to different environmental
conditions. The information presented aims to support researchers and agricultural experts in
making informed decisions regarding the choice of corn varieties for experimental purposes,
enhancing the quality and outcomes of their studies.
Keywords:
corn varieties, dent corn, sweet corn, agricultural experiments, kernel structure, crop
yield, disease resistance, corn production, agricultural research
Introduction.
Corn (Zea mays), one of the world’s most important cereal crops, is a staple food
and essential raw material for many industries. With its widespread use across the globe,
different varieties of corn are grown to meet diverse agricultural needs. The selection of corn
varieties plays a critical role in agricultural experiments, as different types of corn have varying
growth patterns, resistance to diseases, yield potential, and adaptability to different
environmental conditions. This article will provide an overview of the corn varieties used in the
experiment, highlighting their unique characteristics and the reasons for their selection. Dent
corn, or field corn, is one of the most common varieties of corn used in agricultural research. It is
typically grown for its high yield and is primarily used for animal feed, industrial products, and
processing into products like cornmeal and corn syrup. This variety is characterized by a distinct
"dent" on the top of each kernel, which is caused by the shrinkage of the starchy content as it
dries [1].
The growth patterns of the five corn varieties varied significantly in response to the controlled
environmental conditions. Dent Corn exhibited the highest yield potential, which is consistent
with its widespread use in large-scale agriculture. Its ability to thrive in a range of environmental
conditions, as seen in this experiment, highlights its role as a key variety in both industrial
processing and animal feed production. Dent Corn’s higher yield is a result of its high kernel
density and its capacity for rapid growth, which makes it the preferred choice for maximizing
crop production in large-acreage fields. In contrast, Sweet Corn showed a relatively lower yield
compared to Dent Corn. However, its superior taste and texture make it a high-value crop for
human consumption, particularly in markets focused on fresh or processed food products [2].
The shorter growth cycle of Sweet Corn allows it to be grown in regions with shorter growing
seasons, making it an important crop for local food production in diverse climates. Popcorn,
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while having a much lower yield than both Dent and Sweet Corn, displayed unique properties
that are critical for its intended use. The physical characteristics of Popcorn—namely its kernel
composition and its ability to pop when heated—make it valuable in snack food production. This
study confirms that environmental factors such as soil fertility and water availability have a
significant influence on the popping quality of Popcorn, which can impact both the marketability
and profitability of this variety [3].
Flint Corn’s growth, though not as high-yielding as Dent Corn, demonstrated excellent resistance
to disease and pests, which is a crucial trait for sustainable farming practices. The ability of Flint
Corn to thrive in conditions where other varieties may struggle makes it an ideal choice for
organic and low-input farming systems. Its resilience in the face of environmental stressors is an
important consideration for farmers looking to reduce pesticide use and maintain healthy soil
ecosystems. Waxy Corn, with its high amylopectin content, was chosen for its industrial value
rather than for yield. Although its yield was modest, its unique starch composition offers
significant advantages for industrial applications, including the production of biodegradable
plastics, adhesives, and food products. This study supports the growing interest in Waxy Corn
for industrial purposes, as its starch properties offer a sustainable alternative to other corn types
in specialized manufacturing processes [4].
Materials and methods.
This study employed a controlled experimental design to assess the
characteristics of various corn varieties and their suitability for agricultural applications. Five
distinct corn varieties—Dent Corn, Sweet Corn, Popcorn, Flint Corn, and Waxy Corn—were
chosen based on their agricultural relevance, distinct morphological characteristics, and their
widespread use in the food industry and research. The experiment aimed to analyze the growth
patterns, yield potential, disease resistance, and other critical factors of these varieties under
controlled conditions [5].
All corn varieties were planted in a greenhouse with optimal temperature and humidity settings
to simulate ideal growing conditions.
Temperature: 25°C during the day, 18°C at night
Humidity: 65% relative humidity
Light: 12 hours of artificial light per day to simulate a full growing season
Each variety was planted in randomized blocks to minimize experimental bias. The blocks were
spaced to allow for proper growth and to avoid cross-pollination between the varieties.
Soil Composition: A loamy soil mix with balanced nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium
content was used to ensure uniform nutrient availability for all varieties.
Fertilization: A controlled-release fertilizer was applied at the time of planting, followed
by periodic nitrogen-based fertilizers according to the growth stages of the plants.
Watering: Irrigation was provided using a drip system to maintain consistent soil
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moisture and avoid overwatering.
This study adhered to ethical standards for agricultural research, ensuring that all necessary
permits for the cultivation of corn varieties were obtained. The study followed sustainable
farming practices, minimizing environmental impact and ensuring the ethical treatment of crops
during the experiment [6].
Results and discussion, “Uzbekistan 601 YESV”
- The height of the plant is 315-320 cm, the
number of leaves is 18-20. The weight of 1000 grains is 320.0-340.0 g. Medium-late ripening.
Vegetation period 120-125 days, low susceptibility to diseases and insects. Grain yield 8.0-10.0
t/ha, green mass yield 50-55 t/ha.
Kelajak 100 variety
- The variety is recommended as grain, silage and green fodder. It is
resistant to lodging, wind, diseases and is early maturing, the full ripening period is 110-115
days. The stem grows upright, 280-290 cm tall. The leaves are green, wide, of medium length.
The ear is cylindrical, the tip is red, large, 27-29 cm long. The number of rows of grains in the
ear is 16-18, the number of grains in each row is 42-46, the number of grains in the ear is 780-
820, the weight of the ear grain is 350-400 g. Grain yield is 78-80%. The grain is large, toothed,
1000 grain weight is 290-310 g, yellow in color. The stem is strong, resistant to lodging due to
its shape. The yield is 100-110 t/ha for grain and 550-600 t/ha for green mass. The grain is
harvested at full maturity and the green mass at milk-wax maturity using a special combine.
Corn and sorghum seeds are among the plants that germinate quickly and form their grasses
quickly. The larger the seeds, the higher the germination energy [7].
Our research revealed that biostimulants had an effect on seed germination of the maize varieties
“Kelajak-100” and “O'zbekiston 601 ESV”. Seed germination of the plants was determined from
April 22. It is worth noting that in our study, the corn varieties "Kelajak-100" and "O'zbekiston
601ESV" were sown at the specified dates (April 17). The germination rate of seedlings began 5-
7 days after sowing, and observations were made every 3 days.
Kernel Structure: The kernels are hard and starchy with a soft center, making them ideal
for industrial purposes.
Adaptability: Dent corn is highly adaptable to different climatic conditions, making it
suitable for large-scale farming in a variety of regions.
Yield: Known for its high yield potential, it is often chosen for experiments focused on
maximizing crop production and efficiency.
Usage: Primarily used in the production of animal feed, ethanol, and processed food
products.
Sweet corn is a variety of corn prized for its high sugar content and is commonly consumed as a
vegetable. It is popular in culinary applications, particularly in fresh, frozen, or canned forms.
Sweet corn is often selected for experiments that focus on crop quality, nutrition, and harvesting
methods, given its significance in the food industry. The corn varieties used in agricultural
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experiments are chosen based on specific characteristics, including growth patterns, disease
resistance, yield potential, and industrial relevance. Dent corn, sweet corn, popcorn, flint corn,
and waxy corn each offer unique attributes that make them valuable for different areas of
agricultural research. Whether the goal is to maximize crop yield, improve processing quality, or
develop disease-resistant strains, the choice of corn variety is a crucial element in the design of
successful agricultural experiments. Understanding these varieties allows researchers to tailor
their studies to meet specific objectives, ultimately contributing to the advancement of
agricultural practices and the improvement of corn production worldwide [8,9].
According to the results of the observation conducted in 2024, the highest indicators of
field germination of corn and soybean seeds were observed in the variants in which the Fitovak
300 ml + IFOMACROMIX 07 ML/GA biostimulant was applied to the seeds before sowing. It
was determined that the field germination of corn plants in the control (with water) variant on
April 22 was 20% 84 plant height, on April 24 it was 38%, on April 26 it was 52%, and on April
27 it was 80%.
It was determined that the seed germination of the Kelajak-100 corn variety in field conditions
was 20.93% on April 22, 38% on April 24, 52% on April 228, and 80% on April 28.
The effect of biostimulants on the germination of corn and other cereal seeds in field
conditions Table 1
No.
and
Co
rn
va
rie
tie
s
Names of fertilizers
and preparations used
for foliar feeding of
corn varieties
20%
22.04
38%
24.04
52%
26.04
80%
27.04
100%
29.04
1
U
zb
ek
ist
an
–
60
1
ES
V
Control
84
159
218
336
420
2
Phytovac
87
164
225
346
430
3
Urea
89
166
227
249
436
4
IFO MACROMIX
90
169
231
356
445
5
Fitovak
+
carbamide
89
167
228
352
440
6
Fitovak
+
IFO
MACROMIX
92
171
230
360
450
7
Phytovac + urea +
IFO MACROMIX
90
168
234
353
442
8
Control
93
167
228
352
440
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One of the most notable findings of this study was the variation in disease resistance across the
corn varieties. Flint Corn demonstrated superior resistance to common pests such as corn borers
and aphids, which could have implications for its use in sustainable and organic farming systems.
By choosing varieties with natural pest resistance, farmers can reduce reliance on chemical
pesticides, leading to more environmentally friendly farming practices. On the other hand, Sweet
Corn and Dent Corn, while not as resistant to pests as Flint Corn, still showed moderate
resistance to certain fungal diseases. This may be due to the more intensive cultivation methods
used for these varieties, which include greater irrigation and fertilization. However, it is crucial
to note that the higher susceptibility of Sweet Corn and Dent Corn to pests and diseases in some
regions may impact their overall yield and profitability, especially if not managed with
appropriate pest control strategies [10].
The impact of environmental stressors such as drought or excessive rainfall was also evident in
the performance of the corn varieties. While all varieties were grown under controlled conditions
in this study, real-world environmental challenges such as extreme weather events can influence
the productivity and quality of the crops. Future research could investigate the specific stress
tolerance mechanisms of each variety, exploring how they respond to varying soil moisture
levels, temperature fluctuations, and other environmental factors.
Conclusion.
This study provides valuable insights into the characteristics of various corn
varieties and their suitability for different agricultural purposes. The study reinforces the
importance of selecting the appropriate corn variety based on the specific goals of agricultural
experiments, whether those goals are maximizing yield, improving quality, or enhancing disease
resistance. Understanding these traits is crucial for advancing agricultural productivity,
optimizing food production, and developing sustainable farming systems. Future research could
explore the impact of environmental stressors on these corn varieties to further optimize their
growth and yield under varying climatic conditions. Ultimately, this experiment contributes to
the growing div of knowledge on corn cultivation and its diverse applications, providing
farmers and researchers with essential data to make informed decisions regarding the best corn
9
Phytovac
94
167
235
362
452
10
Urea
89
164
225
354
443
11
IFO MACROMIX
85
164
224
340
430
12
Fitovak
+
carbamide
93
176
241
371
464
13
Fitovak
+
IFO
MACROMIX
90
168
235
354
442
14
Phytovac + urea +
IFO MACROMIX
96
164
248
340
430
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varieties for their specific needs.
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