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volume 4, issue 7, 2025
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THE PLACE OF MANUAL LABOR IN PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION
Feruza Oljayevna Orinova
Kokand University Under the supervision of, PhD,
Associate Professor, Professor, “Department of Education”
Turdaliyeva Nurjahon Abdunosir kizi
Kokand University Teacher of the "Education Department"
Phone number: +998916883136
Orcid:
https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4509-7550
E-mail:
n12710420@gmail.com
Abstract:
Labor education of preschool children cannot be imagined without active manual
labor. In this type of activity, the child feels high interest. This factor has a positive effect on the
general mental development of children. For them, artistic work is of particular importance as
one of the components of aesthetic activity based on the artistic content of decorative and
practical art. The article describes the benefits of manual labor for children of kindergarten age
and the aspects required from pedagogues.
Key words:
personality, manual labor, preschool education, artistic works, plasticine, origami,
scissors, decorator, educator.
Manual labor of preschool children is the independent production of objects using the simplest
tools. This work, activity is practical and has a certain useful orientation.
Children's awareness of the purposefulness of their labor activity has a significant impact on its
quality, the attitude of each child to the process and result of labor. The individual nature of
manual labor (that is, even in collective work, each of the children performs a part of it with his
own hands) allows all children to be consistently involved in it, to correct some shortcomings.
Performing collective tasks develops in children the ability to negotiate, subordinate their
interests and desires to a common goal, instills a sense of friendship, mutual assistance,
responsibility, develops initiative, ingenuity.
In the process of performing collective tasks of a visual nature, children learn to independently
plan future work, coordinate their actions with the general plan, think over the sequence of its
implementation, select and use the necessary visual material. At the same time, in collective
work, the individual characteristics of children are clearly manifested, creative abilities are
formed.
Artistic work is work with various materials to create useful and artistically, aesthetically
significant objects and objects to decorate the child's life, games, work and leisure. This
children's work is a decorative, artistic and craft activity, since when creating beautiful things,
the child takes into account the aesthetic qualities of materials based on his ideas, knowledge and
practical experience acquired in the process of labor activity. Properly organized manual and
artistic work gives children knowledge about the quality and capabilities of materials, awakens a
desire to master the specifics of crafts, introduces them to decorative and applied arts.
Without labor education, the formation of a child's personality is impossible. In the senior and
preparatory groups, manual labor with elements of creativity plays a key role. The manifestation
of creativity in preschool children is determined by the nature of the mental tasks offered to them.
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It is very important that children can release their creative energy. In terms of practical
significance, many important qualities are brought up in sewing classes: the habit of action, the
ability to overcome obstacles, responsibility, the ability to plan work and foresee the stages in its
implementation. In particular, beadwork is a type of needlework in manual labor, with the help
of which you can solve the following tasks:
-to arouse interest in the culture of one's homeland, the origins of folk applied art, an aesthetic
attitude to reality, diligence, accuracy, perseverance, patience, the ability to bring the work
started to the end, mutual assistance in performing work, thrift;
-to instill the basics of materials used, labor culture;
-develop motor skills, imaginative thinking, attention, imagination, creativity, and form aesthetic
and artistic taste.
During the lessons, children develop attention, observation, imagination, and creativity. In each
task, in each lesson, children are given the opportunity to dream, and are encouraged to include
their own images in the work.
In the process of performing artistic work in older preschool children, all mental processes are
formed, creative abilities and a positive-emotional perception of the world around them develop.
In the process of developing the creativity of preschool children, it is also important to teach
them to make toys from paper and natural materials in the process of manual labor. During the
lessons, you can make a “System” from natural materials, a “Glass” from cardboard, a “Brush
Eraser” from fabric, and a “Dragonfly and an Ant”. These are discussed in detail.
The purpose of the lesson: to teach children to make various objects using natural materials,
cardboard, and fabric.
Equipment: oak tree, chestnut fruit, primrose fruit, feathers, plasticine, twigs, cardboard, glue,
thread, needle, fabric scraps.
Course of the lesson:
Educator: Children, the golden autumn season is coming to our country. We know that
vegetables and fruits ripen in autumn, right? The fruits of ornamental trees also ripen and are
scattered on the streets and alleys.
Do you know, children, in today's lesson we will make toys from the fruits of these ornamental
trees. Not only toys, but also systems that can be used in arithmetic lessons for first-graders.
To make the system, we will take a thicker thread, pierce the chestnut fruit and thread it onto the
thread.
First, since the children are learning to count within 10, we will thread 10 fruits into the system.
This system can also be made from the fruit of the oak tree. If the fruit is a little overripe, if you
put it in a little water, the upper bark will soften and you can make the system. Who will count?
Educator: Good morning, children, we will make such cups with you. We take a square piece of
cardboard and cut a circle out of it. Then we cut the bottom of the square piece of paper into a
sawtooth shape, leaving a width of one centimeter, glue it on both sides, apply glue to the cut
pieces at the bottom and glue it to the circle. The cup is ready. Children, have you also prepared
your cup?
Good morning! Now that the cup is ready, we will prepare a cloth and a napkin to wipe the brush.
We cut out several squares from unnecessary fabrics and make circles from them. We put the
circles on top of each other and sew them in the middle. Here is the brush eraser ready.
Children, do you want to make a toy? Of course, we will make toys. Now we will make a
"Dragonfly and ant" from felt and chestnut fruit. To do this, we will take a chestnut fruit, attach
the ant's head to a slightly smaller chestnut fruit, make its limbs from a twig and attach them to
the trunk, and make its eyes from plasticine. The div of the dragonfly is made from chestnut
fruit, attach a matchstick to its back, and make the head from a small chestnut: we make its arms
and legs from a stick. We make wings from the fruit of a decorative tree and glue them with
plasticine. Here is our dragonfly ready! Remember, which fable about the dragonfly do you
know?
Children's answers are encouraged, and the lesson ends.
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Children are invited to create applications of various contents using waste materials (yarn, silk,
fur, polyethylene, etc.). Then they are taught to sew toys from fabrics, clothes for fairy-tale
heroes for various holiday fairy tales, as well as clothes for cheerful merrymakers and petrushkas.
The toys made by the children themselves are displayed in the process of creative, active games.
The following pictures show examples of toys made from natural materials:
Mosaic works from natural materials. Mosaic is one of the types of monumental decorative art.
In different eras and in different countries, mosaics had their own characteristics, both in terms
of the materials used, and in terms of patterns and drawings. In Central Asia, madrasahs,
mosques, and palaces of rulers were decorated with mosaics. Mosaics are used to decorate the
exteriors of buildings, interior walls, and works of folk art. Mirror spool plates are used in
mosaic work. In Laos, wonderful mosaic works are created from colored mirror fragments,
which merge and shine in the sun, creating a joyful mood.
Sand and alabaster applique. Sand is taken, a little bandage or gauze, a picture or a fairy tale, a
natural landscape, PVA glue, black copy paper, tracing paper, black felt-tip pen, watercolor paint
or gouache, oil pen, black pencil, old newspaper will be needed.
How to do it: a picture of a natural landscape or fairy tale is transferred to white paper using a
tracing paper. A drawing of the image is drawn on it with a felt-tip pen. Then PVA glue is
applied to the transferred image, sand sifted through gauze or a sieve is quickly sprinkled on the
image. After it dries, painting begins. After the first color dries, the second one is applied, and
after drying, the third color is applied. Thus, the painting work is completed. The work done
from sand is not varnished with colorless varnish.
The following recommended applique works are not difficult to perform. Creativity, skill and
care are required to make them. To perform the application work using sand and alabaster, you
will need sifted sand and alabaster, double-layer gauze, a fairy-tale-based colored booklet,
tracing paper, PVA glue, black felt-tip pen, black pencil, watercolor paint, and old newspaper for
pressing. First, the sand or alabaster is sieved through a sieve. They must be free of large stones
and other objects.
Then, images of fairy-tale characters are selected. Trace the selected image using a black pencil
through tracing paper, that is, Chinese paper. Transfer it to white paper or a colored background
and trace it over it with a black felt-tip pen. It is necessary to quickly apply PVA glue to it,
without letting it drip onto the image. There should be no place where the glue has not been
applied. Because when alabaster or sand is sprinkled, it may not stick. Put two spoons of sifted
sand or alabaster on double-layer gauze and sprinkle it on the image with glue. After this work is
done, the surface of the sand or alabaster is covered with an old newspaper. Then, the newspaper
is removed, the image is slowly lifted and shaken into a container of sand. The sand that sticks to
the image remains on the image, and the sand that does not stick to it falls out of the container.
Then it takes two hours to dry. When the sand or alabaster is thoroughly dry, painting is done.
Watercolor or gouache is needed for painting. After painting one color, let it dry before moving
on to the second color. Because if you continue to paint without drying it, it can fade. Works
done on sand and alabaster cannot be varnished with colorless varnish.
Making an object from an eggshell. The necessary equipment for making applique from
eggshells: colored fairy tale books, white or colored paper, kalaka (Chinese paper), PVA glue,
cleaned and dried eggshells, watercolor paints, black pencil, black felt-tip pen, colorless varnish
(PF-284). To make an item from eggshells, eggshells can be stored either crushed or whole. To
preserve the eggshells intact, the two ends of the egg are pierced and the contents are blown out.
As a result, a hollow eggshell is obtained. Since such eggshells are fragile, they should be stored
in boxes.
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