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THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE
TENSION OF TANDA THREADS
Assistant, Rakhimjonov Azizbek Ravshanbek ugli
Abstract:
In this article, you will discuss the tension of div threads, why it is
necessary, the mechanisms that affect them, the mechanisms that maintain the
tension of div threads, and the types of these mechanisms.
Key words:
tanda threads, tension, mechanism, tanda adjuster, positive,
negative, tanda brakes.
The tension of the threads is one of the most important factors for creating a
fabric. Because the lack of tension causes many errors in the weaving process. That
is, the tension of the threads of the div becomes loose, the threads of the rope do
not fall correctly, which in turn leads to a violation of tissue rapport. Many factors
affect the tension of the threads. These include the weight of the threads on the
bobbin, the good performance of the branches, and the theft of the raw fabric being
prepared.
One of the main requirements for the picking process is to create a tension that
is equal in value to all flats. When the tension increases, the properties of the threads
deteriorate, and when the tension decreases, the density of the resulting package
decreases. In the case of uneven tension, the surface of the package is damaged. that
is, there are bulges and depressions on its surface. As a result, there are more breaks
in the loom.
A sharp change in the tension of the thread is especially evident in the
processing of chemical fibers. Because a "longitudinal unevenness" defect is formed
in the tissue. This defect is the result of different dyeing of yarn. This, in turn, is
created as a result of the thread being wound in different tensions during the process
of spinning. Tension devices are used to maintain and change the tension of all
threads coming out of the div frame.
The tensioning device is one of the main parts of the div frame and mainly
determines its quality.
Currently, various tensioning devices are used. There are highly automated
and mechanized div stretchers. But the price of these tensioning devices is very
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high. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account the economic efficiency of
replacing existing tensioning devices with modern ones. In some cases, it is
appropriate to use simple tensioning devices. The following requirements are
imposed on tensioning devices:
1. Simple structure, quick tension adjustment and even grip
standing
2. That there is an opportunity to create different tension.
3. The possibility of self-cleaning.
4. Prevention of slippage of elementary thread, which is chemical and
baked threads are important in picking.
5. The use of wear-resistant threading elements.
6. Centrally adjust all tensioners
opportunity.
7. Reliability during use.
Technical and technological requirements for transmission and tensioning
mechanisms:
- keeping the thread tension constant as the diameter of the winding on the
weaving reel decreases,
- during the process, maintaining the stability of the saturating tension from the
working cycle to the cycle;
- control of internal cycle tension;
- maintaining the tension of the div and the constant state of the tissue edge
in order to reduce the defects (treadmill) formed during short-term stress-stopping;
- constant maintenance of the machine's tread line as the winding diameter
decreases;
- delivery of a specific length of thread to the zone of tissue formation.
In the preparation department, the tanda threads are wound on special large
weaving reels and brought to the weaving department. Weaving spools are basically
cylindrical metal tubes with flanges on both sides. The number of warp threads
wound on the weaving bobbins, the length of the loom and the density of the winding
depend on the structure and composition of the fabric to be woven.
The weaving reel is the main part of the transmission and tensioning
mechanism. the quality of the threads wrapped in it, the good condition of the parts
of the reel are of great importance in increasing the productivity. Threads should be
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wound on the reel in the form of a strict cylinder, there should be no crushed or
protruding places in the windings.
From the weaving reel placed on the loom, the thread used to produce one
element of the fabric is stretched at medium tension. The thread tension on the div
is different depending on the type of fabric, and its value is determined by
experience. If the tension of the thread is not enough. the density of thin threads in
the fabric may not be enough. The tension level of the thread has a direct effect on
the breakage of the thread: the reason for the increase in the number of breakages
can be the increase or decrease of the tension.
If the tension is reduced, during the process of forming the hamuz, the tanda
threads of different branches can be broken due to the fact that they are tied in the
same plane due to the influence of the rope throwers; if the tension increases, the
threads may break under the influence of tension.
With the consumption of threads on the weaving reel, the diameter of the
package decreases, as a result, the tension can change and affect the quality of the
fabric. If the tension increases, the density of the threads in the fabric increases, if
the tension decreases, the structure and composition of the fabric may be uneven.
As technologies developed, mechanisms were invented to maintain the tension
of the threads. The transmission and tensioning mechanisms (TUTM) perform the
task of transferring the threads of the fabric, which are used up with the formation
of the fabric, in a certain tension. Transmission and tension mechanisms are divided
into positive and negative types.
In negative TUTMs, the div thread is released from the weaving reel in
accordance with the frictional forces in the system (div brakes).
In positive TUTMs, a fixed amount of thread length is transferred by turning
the weaving reel at a fixed tension (tanda adjusters). If the tension on the div
increases - more, if it decreases - less, the thread on the div is released.
According to the principle of operation, these mechanisms are divided into
div adjusters and div brakes.
In the loom adjusters, movement is transmitted to the weaving reel from one of
the moving parts of the loom. The tension of the loom is created using a special
device.
Tanda brakes - on some looms, the task of transferring and tensioning the tanda
threads is performed by the tanda brake. Under the influence of the tension of the
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thread of the thread created as a result of pulling the fabric on weaving machines
with a thread brake, the weaving reel is rotated, and threads of the desired length are
transferred to the weaving zone.
Body brakes can be friction, load, spring and mixed according to the method of
resistance. In friction div brakes, the traction of the weaving reel is resisted by the
friction force, while in load and spring brakes, the load and spring forces resist.
In the case of positive threading and tensioning mechanisms (TUTM), the
weaving bobbin releases threads of a predetermined length (/ =const) with the help
of a separate mechanism, and the tension of the thread is separately controlled.
Ensuring a constant warp thread tension and the required thread length in the
process of forming a fabric element is carried out in each working cycle of the
machine. For this, the angular speed of the weaving reel is required to increase as
the diameter of the reel decreases. In the mechanisms of positive div transmission
and tension, the scale receives div tension and acts as a sensor.
The tension of the threads directly depends on the quality of the woven fabric.
An increase or decrease in tension will drastically affect the quality of the fabric
being prepared. That is, as a result of a decrease in the tension of the warp thread, it
shows that the warp thread falls to the wrong width in the finished fabric, which is
clearly visible on the surface of the finished fabric. As a result of the increased
tension of the tanda threads, it is observed that the tanda threads are broken. If 1
thread breaks, a straight line will be visible on the surface of the finished fabric. If
several threads break, it will cause a lot of damage.
Mechanism of transmission and tensioning of the thread of the negative
div
Figure 1.
1- weaving reel; 2nd molar; 3rd core; 4th drum; 5th axis; 6th chain;
7th lever; 8th burden; 9th scale.
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Figure 1 shows the principle scheme of the transmission and tensioning
mechanism in the negative div. The tape is wrapped around the drum, which is
installed on the core of the weaving reel. One end of the strap is tied to the frame of
the loom, and the other end to the handle. One end of the lever is fixed to the
machine, and the other end is free, and a load is hung on the end. The transfer of
thread from the weaving reel to the div is carried out due to the change in the
frictional force between the drum and the belt. When the thread tension is greater
than the friction force, the thread is released from the weaving reel, and on the
contrary, it is braked. In this mechanism, the tension of the string on the div is
calculated by changing the force of friction.
Tanda brakes - in some looms, the task of transferring and tensioning the tanda
threads is performed by the tanda brake. In looms equipped with a loom brake, under
the influence of the tension of the loom thread, which is created as a result of pulling
the fabric, the weaving reel rotates, and the loom threads of the required length are
transferred to the weaving zone.
Consulion
. Many factors affect the tension of the threads. Additional devices
are being devised to maintain tension. Because the tension of the warp threads is the
most important factor for the fabric to come out correctly. Therefore, it is always
necessary to maintain tension. Also, the transmission of tanda threads using tanda
brakes is also used. This makes it possible to maintain regular tension in the div.
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