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RESEARCH OF MEANS OF FASTENING GOODS TO WAGONS IN
RAIL TRANSPORT
Bozorov R.Sh.
1
, Boboev D.Sh.
2
1,2
– Tashkent State transport University (Tashkent, Uzbekistan).
Keywords: cargo placement, fastening, drawer, binder, drawer, tie, rack,
crossbar.
Annotation: the article shows the selection of optimal options for quality
service methods when placing and fixing goods on wagons during the delivery process.
The means of fastening goods to wagons were researched and measures and proposals
for their selection were developed. In addition, the process of fastening the goods was
analyzed and proposals were made for fixing the goods to the wagons in order to
eliminate the shortcomings of the existing system.
Introduction.
Local technical conditions (in the next place – MTU) or cargo placement and
strengthening schemes (in the next place – NTU) are used for the methods of placing
and strengthening cargo intended for transportation as part of open movement, but not
provided for in this Tu. This MTU or NTU will be developed under the requirements
of Chapter 1 of this TUning.
If multiple reinforcement tools are used in cargo transportation, then the
positioning and reinforcement scheme for the return of such tools in an empty state is
developed as part of the MTU or NTU. Multiple reinforcement tools shipped in idle
condition are shipped on the basis of the appropriate MTU or NTU without further
arrangements, or other MTU or NTU is developed in accordance with the provisions
of this chapter.Figure 1 shows the means of fixing loads placed on the platforms.
The technical conditions for the placement and strengthening of cargo (next –
TU) determine the methods of placement and strengthening of cargo in 1520 mm
tracked wagons and establish the procedure for the development of placement and
strengthening methods not provided for in TU.
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Main part.
If the method of its placement and strengthening when submitting a cargo for
transportation is provided for in this TU, a sketch can be developed that shows the
parameters of the cargo in cases required by national legislation. This sketch confirms
that the method of placement and reinforcement of the load is consistent with this TU.
This rule does not apply to the methods of placing and strengthening loads in
accordance with Chapter 5 of this TU.
The placement and strengthening of cargo is carried out under the guidance of
a person who has passed the verification of knowledge on this TU in the manner
prescribed by national legislation. This TU is applied to the transportation of goods as
part of freight trains at operating speeds of up to 100 km/h [1].
The requirements for materials used as reinforcement tools are established on
the basis of the standards of the Russian Federation (GOST), which are referenced in
this TU Text [2]. For reinforcement tools, it is allowed to use materials produced
according to other regulatory and technical documents, if their characteristics meet the
requirements of the specified standards. These TUda physical magnitudes are listed in
the MKGSS system of units. In the SI system, the following ratios must be used to
represent values of magnitudes:
1 kgs – 9,8 N;
1 ts – 9,8×10³ N;
1 ts/t – 9,8×10³ N/t;
1 kgs/m² – 9,8 Pa;
1 kgs/sm² – 9,8×10⁴ Pa;
1 ts/m² – 9,8×10³ Pa.
The following tools are used for fastening goods on wagons: base drawers
(Rastyajka) – used to attach the load from one end to the load fixing device, and from
the other end to a special device on the wagon div [3]. Spindle drawers (Obvyazka)
– used to wrap the load completely and attach it to the special fastening devices of the
wagon. Fastening ties (Styrofoam) – are used to join and tighten other fastening tools
(caps, ties, support posts, etc. Connecting ties (Uvyazka) – are used to connect multiple
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load units and fasten them as a single load. Wooden supports and posts – used to keep
the load stable [4]. Coating panels and blocks – applied to prevent load shifting.
"Spurs" and carcasses – designed to hold the load more firmly. Cassettes, pyramids,
bearings and turnstiles – are used as special structures for stable fixation of loads of
various shapes. Fastening tools can be disposable or multiple (reusable). When
installing fasteners in wagons, the following standard fastening elements are used:
Bolts (bolts), spindles, nails, construction staples and other fastening details.
A puller is a fastener (fastened) that connects with one end to a tying device in
a load, and with the other end to a tie device specially designed for this in a wagon
div. A binder is a (fastened) fastener that connects the load to the binder in the wagon
div with the coverage and both ends. A drawer is a fastening tool designed to cross-
attach and pull other fasteners (usually a drawer, binder, columns). A link is a fastening
tool designed to combine individual load units into a single load position.
The following materials are used to make drawers, ties, drawers, ties:
- from thermally processed steel wires in the case of round-cut (GOST 2590),
square-cut (GOST 2591;
- from steel rolling or tape (GOST 103);
- from steel chains or ropes.
Figure 1. Tools for fastening cargo to wagons:
a-transverse cross section of various loads placed on the platform; b-cross
section of load placed on the platform; 1-Pull; 2-tie; 3-Pull; 4-tie; 5-overhang; 6 –
gasket; 7 – columns; 8 – and 9 – sidebar and hem hem hem beams; 10 – side hem
а
b
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beams; 11 – and 12-sidebar and hem hem skobes; 13-base kronshtein on the hem hem
hem hem beam.
Round cross-section steel rolling wires should be no less than 5 mm in
diameter, non-round steel rolling wires should be no less than 20 mm2 in cross-section
surface [5].
They have special devices for fixing drawers and fasteners to wagons.
- on the platformers: side and hem column skobes, base kronshtein on the hem
barrier; side skobes on platforms for large tonnage containers and wheeled equipment;
- in semi-open wagons: oysters tie device (cosines); intermediate tie device
located on the sidewall fence, at an altitude of 1100 – 1200 mm from the floor; skoba-
shaped upper tie device.
Oysters and gaskets are made of non-inferior tilting (wood) materials of the
third variety. From Birch, Mountain Birch (ansox), hemp and argan (Linden), it is
allowed to make tightening-working ostriches and gaskets, but they are not fastened
with trellis and kashak trellis fences and other fastening elements. It is not allowed to
use these tree breeds, as well as all dry hardwood zorts, in the preparation of Rake and
kashak rake fences. If the load is not damaged, it is allowed to make a lining and gasket
from metals of different shapes, reinforced concrete and other materials [6].
Oysters and gaskets are used to increase the load-bearing area on the wagon
floor, to prevent the load barrel from deviating, to ensure the possibility of mechanizing
the increase and unloading of cargo, to protect the cargo and wagon from damage to
the base surface, and to fasten the rake and kashak rake barriers. If the intended
requirements are provided without the use of a sealant and gasket, it is not necessary
to install them [7,8].
The height of the lining and gasket should not be less than 25 mm, and the
width should be less than 80 mm, and in this the ratio to the height of the width should
not be less than 1.5. The length of the rack, which is placed by the width of the wagon,
is obliged to make the wagon div wide, and the gasket – the width of the load [9].
Wooden poles, the trunk of which is not cleaned and the trunk is cleaned, are
used to block the stocked loads by the side and skirt, making them from round wood
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materials or straight fiber-polished (wood) materials according to GOST 8486 and
GOST 2695. Columns made of round wood materials should be 120 – 140 mm at the
bottom trim and 90 – 120 mm at the top trim. The trim of the columns made of polished
(wood) materials should not be less than 90 x 120 mm. The width of the columns
installed on semi-open wagons should not be less than 100 mm, at the level of its upper
sarrovi.
Conclusion.
For fastening loads to wagons, pull-ups (rastyajka), ties
(obvyazka), pull-ups (styajka), ties (uvyazka), ties (upornie) and cash-straws
(raspornie) barriers (Bruski), posts (stoyki), ostlik (podkladki), gaskets (prokladki),
Shields (tshiti), tourniquet and the like are used many times, as well as standard
fasteners. When installing fastening elements and tools, standard fastening items are
used, for example, bolts, spills, nails, building dust (skoba). It is not allowed to fasten
the pulleys and fasteners to other details of the wagon div, as well as to the skobs
designed for column fastening inside the wagon div, to the fastening ring on the semi-
open wagon top sarrova, and to the rings on the outer surface of the platform section
boards.
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