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EUROPEAN CLASSICAL MUSIC
ABSATOVA MUNISA ABDUSALAM QIZI
Termez State Pedagogical Institute, Faculty of Physical Culture and Arts,
Music Education, student group 23-01
Scientific supervisor: M. Khojageldiyeva
Senior teacher of the Department of Musical Skills and Culture
Abstract: The article analyzes European classical music, its composers and
their works, the significance of their works in performance, their activity, and their
role in the art of music.
Key words: Music, Melody, Composer, Composer, World, Great, Note,
Classical
Annotatsiya: Maqolada yevropa mumtoz musiqasi haqida kompozitor va
bastakorlari, asarlarining ijrochilikdagi ahamiyati , faoliyati musiqa san’atidagi roli
tahlil qilinadi.
Kalit so’zlar:musiqa, kuy, bastakor, kompozitor, jahon, buyuk, nota,klassika.
INTRODUCTION
The first examples of the multi-part genres of European classical music, such
as opera, cantata, oratorio, ballet, symphony, overture, and sonata, appeared in the
Middle Ages. The rules for creating works in these genres were also formed during
those times and have reached the peak of their high development today.
Opera appeared in Italy at the end of the 16th century. There are types of it
written on historical-heroic, historical-romantic, epic, legendary, lyrical, dramatic, and
comic themes, and the classic examples were created by European composers such as
J. Verdi, H. Gluck, and W. Mozart.
The cantata and oratorio genres appeared at the same time as opera.
They are large multi-part works written for soloists, choir, and orchestra.
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Ballet is a word borrowed from French, meaning “I dance, I play”. The French
composer J. B. Lully created the first examples of this genre, using various dance
melodies and folk tunes. The ballet genre is known to all genres that rose to the heights
in the development of Russian music.
Symphony - appeared in the 18th century, and soon spread throughout the
world as a large and complex musical genre. World-renowned composers such as
Beethoven, Mozart, Schubert, Tchaikovsky, Borodin created classic examples of the
symphony.
Many other genres appeared in European classical music, such as “sonata”,
“ballade”, “prelude”, “quartet”. Composers such as I.S. Bach, F. Handel, L. Beethoven
developed these genres. “Organ” music occupies a special place in European classical
music. Composers such as I. S. Bach and Handel wrote works for this large keyboard
instrument played with air. Works in this genre give special power and pleasure to
humanity. These genres began to enter Uzbek music in the 20th century.
DISCUSSION AND RESULTS
In music, the concept of "classical", that is, "classical", was initially used to
evaluate the work of the great composers of European nations. Later, the term
"classical" was also applied to works created in the culture and literature of many
peoples of the world, which have stood the test of time and era, and have been
recognized and acknowledged by the majority, the broad public. Similarly, in Uzbek
music, folk songs (so-called classic songs), grand songs, epics and maqoms
(Shashmaqom, Khorezm maqom, Tashkent-Fergana maqom paths) that have become
national values of our people, as well as melodies - qoshiqoms created under their
influence, that is, works in professional genres of oral tradition, began to be used.
A number of European composers, whose works have earned a worthy place in
the culture of the peoples of the world, whose creativity is recognized worldwide, and
whose works have become a universal spiritual treasure - I.S. Bach, I. Gaydin, V.A.
Mozart, L. V. Beethoven, D. Verdi, F. Chopin, Schubert, F. Liszt, P. I. Tchaikovsky,
M. I. Glinka, R. M. Rimsky-Korsakov, S. Prokofiev, D. Shostakovich, A. I.
Khachaturian, who lived and created in a relatively later century, and many others,
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have firmly established themselves in the golden treasury of world music culture with
their artistic uniqueness and universal ideas, as examples of extremely high creativity.
Because, in their works, the highest ideals of humanity, the value of man, his struggle
for freedom and happiness, friendship and brotherhood of peoples, the call to make
humanity happy, pure love are sung at the highest levels. Consequently, life shows that
the ideas that the creators recognized as classical composers and the works created by
them will become obsolete and lose their value over the years and centuries are
groundless. This is evidenced by the fact that competitions, festivals, music weeks held
worldwide on the work of European classical composers, and the fact that their works
are constantly gaining more and more fans without leaving the repertoire of the world's
largest theaters. The works of the composers whose names are mentioned will always
serve the cause of human happiness with their high ideological content and unique
charm and beauty.
Classical works are present in the culture of every nation. However, European
classical music has a special place with its wide scope and positive influence on the
music of the peoples of the world. Musical works created by I.S. Bach, L.V. Beethoven,
V.A. Mozart, D. Verdi and many other composers, although they have a deep meaning
and complex structure, are easily perceived due to their artistic perfection. They are
such a rich treasure that every time you listen to the musical text in them, you want to
listen to it again, and with each re-listening, new artistic aspects are discovered. Often,
classical musical works are created in harmony with classical literature. Nevertheless,
the music itself is perceived even without translation. Genres that were born and raised
in European countries, formed on the basis of the musical culture and traditions of
composers and the peoples of these countries, or were brought to perfection by these
composers - genres with a polyphonic nature such as cantata, symphony, oratorio, suite,
poem, ballad, ballet, opera, overture, sonata, and their first examples appeared in the
Middle Ages.
The rules for creating works in these genres were also formed in those times
and have reached a high point of development in the present era. For example, opera,
which is considered the largest and most complex genre, which is difficult to depict a
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country and people that it has almost never penetrated, its first examples appeared in
Italy at the end of the 14th century. In the course of the development of the opera genre,
its types were formed, written on historical-heroic, historical-romantic, epic,
legendary, lyrical, dramatic, comic, fairy-tale themes, their classic examples were
created by composers such as Giuseppe Verdi, H. Gluck, V.A. Mozart.
In European classical music, dozens of musical genres such as “sonata”,
“ballade”, “prelude”, “rondo”, “concert”, “variation”, “etude”, “ode”, “oratorio”,
“opera”, “ballet”, “suite” appeared in the 17th and 18th centuries and quickly spread
throughout the world. Many composers such as V.A. Mozart, Joseph Haydn, G.
Handel, Berlioz, L. Beethoven, G. Gluck created high examples of these genres. Most
of them are included in textbooks, programs, and the repertoire of professional
ensembles in leading, developed countries of the world.
In the information about European classical music, organ music occupies a
special place. The emergence of this large, air-operated, keyboard instrument is closely
related to the creativity of Church music, and great composers such as I.S. Bach and I.
Handel created wonderful works for organ music performance. The genres mentioned
in European classical music began to enter the musical culture of the Uzbek and Central
Asian peoples in the 20th century. Under the influence of European musical culture,
compositional music in Uzbekistan is developing rapidly. In 1936, the 1st Uzbek State
Conservatory began to operate in Tashkent. At first, outstanding composers,
musicologists, and theorists came here from the central cities of Russia and made a
significant contribution to the creation of Uzbek opera, symphony, and ballet. Soon,
works in the Uzbek national opera, ballet, and symphonic genres appeared, a large
generation of brilliant Uzbek national composers was formed, and today, Uzbek
composers are also forming in Europe and creating mature works in genres that are
widespread throughout the world.
CONCLUSION
The peoples of the East should have a certain understanding of the existence of
essentially similar types of creativity in the classical music culture, the place of the art
of music in the spiritual life of these peoples, the similarity of the words of the
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instruments, the similar position in the art of performance, the commonality in the
essence and naming of most musical genres, performance styles, musical terms (for
example, maqom, mug'om, muqam, rubab, rebob, ud - ad, g'ijjak, kamoncha, doira -
daf, surnay-zarna, tanbur - tambur, dutor, setor, chator, dumbira, etc.). They should
know that European classical music has matured due to the tradition of musical
notation, and the scope of application of the classical (classical) musical expression in
Western European professional music.
The symphony is a complex and intricate genre of the product of composer's
creativity and the artistic peak of creativity. It is necessary to have sufficient knowledge
and information about the fact that the symphony series is mainly 4 (four) parts and the
construction of these parts in a separate form from the various movements
(performance tempo, pitch - tonality and etc.), and most importantly, about the life and
work of the great European classical music composers, Mozart, G. Haydn, Glinka,
Tchaikovsky, etc., the life and work of the composer, and classical works. Among the
legends of Russian folk songs there are labor and holiday, choral and dance songs, feast
and heavy songs, recruit (soldier) songs, city songs and chastushkas. reworked and
learned. The collections produced by Ularula were distributed among amateur and
professional musicians. Composers have managed to record and rework folk songs,
preserving all the beauty and originality of folk art. The most famous are the collections
of folk songs reworked by composers such as M. Balakirev, N. Rimsky-Korsakov, P.
Tchaikovsky and A. Lyadov. Music plays an important role in our lives. It sounds
everywhere: in radio and television broadcasts and programs, in theaters and concert
halls, on the grounds where festive events are held, in schools. None of the holidays in
our country is complete without music. Songs, dances, marches are constant
companions of the holidays. Every year, on the holidays of Navruz and Independence,
large concert performances are held in the main squares of all cities of our republic,
where, along with Uzbek national songs, modern pop music works and songs of other
peoples are performed by famous masters of art and amateurs. In people's lives Many
events are connected with music. A young baby falls asleep to the gentle melodies of
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a lullaby. Children play to the sounds of cheerful music. Schoolchildren learn songs
and go on trips to the sounds of marches.
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