MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Выпуск журнала №-24
Часть–3_ Апрель –2025
393
METHODS OF QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS IN CLINICAL
LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS
Daminov F.A.– DSc, Ass.Professor, head of the department of clinical
laboratory diagnosis with the course of clinical laboratory diagnostics of PGD;
Djabbarova N.R.- assistant of the department of clinical laboratory diagnosis
with the course of clinical laboratory diagnostics of PGD;
Xafizova K.N.- cadet of the department of clinical laboratory diagnosis with
the course of clinical laboratory diagnostics of PGD;
Samarkand state medical university
Samarkand, Uzbekistan
When conducting biochemical analyses in clinical diagnostic laboratories use
methods of quantitative determination of components in biological fluids on the basis
of modern advances in medical science and technology, providing high quality
research, mechanisation and automation of laboratory work.
Keywords: gravimetric method, titrometric analysis, electroanalytical,
absorption and emission methods;
These methods include the following. 1. Weight (gravimetric) analysis, based
on the isolation of a substance as a result of certain reactions, drying and accurate
weighing of it on analytical or torsion scales. An example of this analysis is the
determination of fibrinogen content by the Rutberg method. 2. Volumetric (titrometric)
analysis, based on accurate measurement of volumes of substances reacting with each
other in equivalent (equal) quantities. Volumetric analysis includes neutralisation
method, method of redox reactions, complexometry, precipitation method, etc.
Examples are determination of acidity of gastric juice, chlorides in biological fluids by
titrometric method, etc.
3. electro-volumetric (electroanalytical) methods based on electrochemical
properties of solutions. This group includes conductometry, potentiometry,
MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Выпуск журнала №-24
Часть–3_ Апрель –2025
394
potentiometry, voltammetry, polarography, etc. An example of these methods is the
determination of the concentration of hydrogen, chlorine, sodium, potassium, calcium
ions in biological fluids using ion-selective electrodes.
4. optical methods including refractometry, polarimetry and photometry. The
most common methods in clinical diagnostic laboratories are photometric methods,
which are divided into absorption and emission methods. Absorption photometry
includes spectrophotometry, nephelometry and turbidimetry. Emission photometry
includes fluorimetry and flame photometry.
Absorption photometric analysis is based on the physicochemical property of a
substance to selectively absorb a monochromatic (of a certain wavelength) flux of light
energy. Instruments designed for absorption photometry are called optical analysers or
photometers (absorption photometers).
Photometers
include
colorimeters,
photoelectrocolorimeters,
spectrophotometers. Colorimeters (colour - colour, metric - measure) are devices
designed to measure the wavelength of the visible region of the spectrum (400-800
nm). The principle of colorimetry is based on measuring the colour intensity of the
solution of the analysed substance. Analysers that allow operation in both visible and
invisible spectral regions are called spectrophotometers. These instruments allow
measurement in the ultraviolet (190-400 nm), visible (400-800 nm) and infrared (800-
2000 nm) regions of the spectrum. Nephelometry is based on the measurement of the
intensity of light scattering by suspended particles of the substance under investigation.
The more turbid a solution is, the more it scatters light and, consequently, the less it
transmits. Turbidimetry is the measurement of the absorbed light flux by the particles
of the substance under study. The more turbid the solution, the more it absorbs light
and transmits less. Emission photometry is based on the ability of organic substances
to give characteristic emission spectra (emission, luminescence) in an energetically
excited state. Atoms and molecules of substances are able to absorb energy coming to
them from the outside and move to higher energy levels, and then, returning to the
normal energy state, give up excess energy in the form of a quantum of light.
Fluorimetry is based on the effect of fluorescence (luminescence) resulting from
MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Выпуск журнала №-24
Часть–3_ Апрель –2025
395
energetic excitation of the substance under study after irradiation with ultraviolet or
other short-wave rays. There are several types of luminescence analysis: luminescence
microscopy, luminescence chromatography, fluorimetric quantitative analysis. The
instruments used for fluorimetric quantitative analysis are called fluorimeters. They are
used to determine the concentration of vitamins, adrenaline, noradrenaline, serotonin
and other biologically active substances. In flame photometry, a gas burner flame is
used as an energy source causing the excitation state of the sample under study. Metal
atoms, falling into a high-temperature flame, capture part of the thermal energy and
then release it in the form of a quantum of light. Instruments designed for this type of
research are called flame photometers. They are used to determine the concentrations
of potassium, sodium, lithium ions, etc. Currently, flame photometry is being replaced
by new instruments for the determination of electrolytes - ion-selective analysers.
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry possesses high accuracy and good
reproducibility of measurement results, with the help of which it is possible to
determine a wide range of elements not only in biological fluids, but also in various
environmental objects.
REFERENCES
1.
Abduhakimov B. A. et al. Bolalar va o'smirlarda birlamchi tuberkulyozning
o’ziga xos kechish xususiyatlari va klinik-laboratoriya usullari //Ta'lim innovatsiyasi
va integratsiyasi. – 2024. – Т. 32. – №. 3. – С. 139-143.
2.
Бердиярова Ш. Ш. и др. Клинико-лабораторная диагностика фолиевой
кислотодефицитной анемии //TADQIQOTLAR. UZ. – 2024. – Т. 49. – №. 3. – С.
46-53.
3.
Umarova T. A., Kudratova Z. E., Axmadova P. Role of conditionally pathogenic
microflora in human life activities //Web of Medicine: Journal of Medicine, Practice
and Nursing. – 2024. – Т. 2. – №. 11. – С. 29-32.
4.
Muhamadiyeva L. A., Kudratova Z. E., Sirojeddinova S. Pastki nafas yo’llari
patologiyasining rivojlanishida atipik mikrofloraning roli va zamonaviy diagnostikasi
//Tadqiqotlar. Uz. – 2024. – Т. 37. – №. 3. – С. 135-139.
MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Выпуск журнала №-24
Часть–3_ Апрель –2025
396
5.
Umarova T. A., Kudratova Z. E., Norboyeva F. Modern aspects of etiology and
epidemiology of giardias //Web of Medicine: Journal of Medicine, Practice and
Nursing. – 2024. – Т. 2. – №. 11. – С. 25-28.
6.
Isomadinova L. K., Daminov F. A. Glomerulonefrit kasalligida sitokinlar
ahamiyati //Journal of new century innovations. – 2024. – Т. 49. – №. 2. – С. 117-120.
7.
Umarova T. A., Kudratova Z. E., Maxmudova H. Mechanisms of infection by
echinocococosis //Web of Medicine: Journal of Medicine, Practice and Nursing. –
2024. – Т. 2. – №. 11. – С. 18-21.
8.
Даминов Ф. А., Исомадинова Л. К., Рашидов А. Этиопатогенгетические и
клинико-лабораторные особенности сальмонелиоза //TADQIQOTLAR. UZ. –
2024. – Т. 49. – №. 3. – С. 61-67.
9.
Umarova T. A., Kudratova Z. E., Baxromova M. Autoimmune diseases: new
solutions in modern laboratory diagnostics //International Conference on Modern
Science and Scientific Studies. – 2024. – С. 78-81.
10.
Бердиярова Ш. Ш. и др. Узловой зоб и его клинико-лабораторная
диагностика //TADQIQOTLAR. UZ. – 2024. – Т. 49. – №. 3. – С. 38-45.
11.
Umarova T. A., Kudratova Z. E., Muhsinovna R. M. The main purpose of
laboratory diagnosis in rheumatic diseases //International Conference on Modern
Science and Scientific Studies. – 2024. – С. 82-85.
12.
Umarova T. A., Kudratova Z. E., Ruxshona X. Contemporary concepts of
chronic pancryatitis //International Conference on Modern Science and Scientific
Studies. – 2024. – С. 11-15.
13.
Хамидов З. З., Амонова Г. У., Исаев Х. Ж. Некоторые аспекты
патоморфологии неспецифических язвенных колитов //Молодежь и
медицинская наука в XXI веке. – 2019. – С. 76-76.
14.
Umarova T. A., Kudratova Z. E., Muminova G. Instrumental diagnostic studies
in chronic pancreatitis //International Conference on Modern Science and Scientific
Studies. – 2024. – С. 16-20.
MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Выпуск журнала №-24
Часть–3_ Апрель –2025
397
15.
Атамурадовна М.Л., Рустамовна Р.Г., Эркиновна К.З. Роль современных
биомаркеров в изучении различных поражений головного мозга //Достижения
науки и образования. – 2020. – №. 10 (64). – С. 88-90.
16.
Рустамова Г. Р., Мухамадиева Л. А. Современные аспекты клинико-
лабораторных методов исследования острой ревматической лихорадки
//International scientific review. – 2020. – №. LXVI. – С. 106-110.
17.
Кудратова З.Е. и др. Роль цитокиновой регуляции при обструктивном
синдроме атипичного генеза у детей // Анналы Румынского общества клеточной
биологии. – 2021. – Т. 25. – №. 1. – С. 6279-6291.
18.
Erkinovna K. Z. et al. Bronchial obstruction syndrome in young children with
respiratory infections of different etiology: features of clinical manifestations and
immune response //Проблемы науки. – 2021. – №. 1 (60). – С. 60-62.
19.
Кудратова З.Е. и др. Хламидийные инфекции (внутриклеточная инфекция)
в развитии бронхита // TJE-Tematics journal of Education ISSN. – 2021. – С. 2249-
9822.
20.
Kudratova Z. E. et al. Principles of therapy of chlamydial and mycoplasma
infections at the present stage //Вопросы науки и образования. – 2021. – №. 28 (153).
– С. 23-26.
21.
Rustamova G. R., Kudratova Z. E. CHRONIC ENDOMETRITIS OLD ISSUES
NEW POSSIBILITIES //Western European Journal of Medicine and Medical Science.
– 2024. – Т. 2. – №. 5. – С. 12-14.
22.
Erkinovna K. Z., Rustamovna R. G., Suratovna Н. F. LABORATORY
MARKERS OF PERINATAL HYPOXIC DAMAGE TO THE CENTRAL
NERVOUS SYSTEM IN NEWBORNS //Наука, техника и образование. – 2020. –
№. 10 (74). – С. 102-104.
23.
Mukhamadieva L. A., Rustamova G. R., Kudratova Z. E. IMMEDIATE
RESULTS OF COMPLEX TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC
TONSILLITIS AND CHRONIC ADENOIDITIS ASSOCIATED WITH CMV AND
EBV //Western European Journal of Medicine and Medical Science. – 2024. – Т. 2. –
№. 5. – С. 20-24.
MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Выпуск журнала №-24
Часть–3_ Апрель –2025
398
24.
Umarova T. A., Kudratova Z. E., Norxujayeva A. Etiopathogenesis and modern
laboratory diagnosis of prostatitis //International Conference on Modern Science and
Scientific Studies. – 2024. – С. 6-10.
