Microbiology

Хром - микроэлемент, необходимый для нормального развития и функционирования человеческого организма. Установлено, что в биохимических процессах принимает участие только трехвалентный хром. Хром участвует в обмене липидов, белков (присутствует в составе фермента трипсина), углеводов (является структурным компонентом глюкозоустойчивого фактора). Хром принимает участие в регуляции обмена холестерина и является активатором некоторых ферментов.

Острая пневмония продолжает оставаться одной из главных причин детской смертности, в связи с чем изучение острой пневмонии имеет важное значение для разработки превентивных мер и полноценного этиотропного лечения [1. 2,3]. В клинической симптоматике острой пневмонии отмечают преобладание признаков, характерных для определенного возбудителя в частности, при Staph.aureus пневмонии, отмечается септический шок, ненормальное количество нейтрофилов и сдвиг влево, указывающий на наличие инфекции [12], рентгенологически обширные инфильтраты, сетчатозернистый рисунок, рассеянные мелкие очаги [4,11], часто кардиомегалия или гидроторакс [8,10]. Staph.epidermidis может быть патогенным [5], может осложниться плевритом, ведущий рентгенологический признак - пневматоцеле. Pseud, aeruginosa [6] относится
к условно-патогенным микроорганизмам, его вирулентность как патогенного агента связана с сочетанной, перекрестной инфекцией и использованием антибиотиков широкого спектра действия, которые подавляют рост грамположительной микрофлоры. E.coli, как легочной патогенный агент, может привести к выраженному воспалительному процессу -
пневматоцеле [9] и абсцессу легких [7]. оправдано назначение аминогликозидов в начале комплексного лечения

Биогенные элементы кобальт Co(II) и медь Cu(II) являются необходимыми для организма микроэлементами. Аспарагиновая кислота также необходима для нормальной жизнедеятельности организма.

Лактобактерии встречаются в почве, сосредотачиваясь вокруг корневой системы культурных и дикорастущих растений, используются в промышленности B. качестве стартериых культур при производстве молочнокислых, мясных продуктов, алкогольных напитков, силосных коррмов, хлебопечении вызывают порчу многих пищевых продуктов.

На протяжении многих лет одной из главных проблем человечества остается проблема пищевых продуктов, а именно их безопасность. По данным ВОЗ ежегодно небезопасные пищевые продукты связаны со смертью приблизительно 2 миллионов человек, а именно этой опасности подвергаются дети. Патогенные бактерии, вирусы, паразиты или химические вещества, содержащиеся в пище, являются причиной более 200 заболеваний, начиная от диареи и заканчивая раком. В 2015 году 7 апреля был отмечен Всемирный день здоровья под девизом "От фермы до тарелки — сделать продукты питания безопасными!", подчеркивая важность и актуальность данной проблемы.

Установление этиологии менингитов в ранние сроки заболевания является важным моментом, определяющим выбор рациональной терапии и организацию адекватных противоэпидемических мероприятий в окружении больного. Однако, как свидетельствуют данные литературы, на этапе первичного диагноза частота диагностических ошибок достигает 50-70%
[Семенов В.М. и др.,2009].

The review article presents an analysis of the literature data characterizing the vaginal microbiota in bacterial vaginosis. Л modern view of the pathogenetic properties of Gardnerella vaginalis isolated in women with and without BV is presented. Issues related to the mechanisms of maintaining the vaginal ecosystem with the participation of Lactobacillus iners were discussed. Pathogenetic bases of bacterial vaginosis development associated with biofilm formation and release of lipopolysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria are considered.

Subjects of the inquiry: 150 women with genital infection of reproductive age, 20 healthy women.
Aim of the inquiry: To study microflora state of the large intestine and genital tract of women of reproductive tract suffering from TORCH-infections including mycoplasmosis and genital herpes in comparison with gardnerellosis and candidosis as well as to study character of vaginal local immunity and to develop methods of correction.
Methods of investigation: Bacteriological and immunologic methods.
The results achieved and their novelty: The dysbiotic changes were revealed in the patients both in the vaginal microflora and large intestinal microflora in the study women. However, in women with TORCH-infections these disorders were more profound in comparison with women without TORCH-infections that was characterized by changes in the parameters of local immunity. There has been proved necessity of introduction of therapeutic agents “Narine-plus”, lactobacterin “Orom” and immunocorrector “Viferon” into the common course of therapy. For the first tine there was studied large intestine and vaginal local immunity states in women with mycoplasmosis and genital herpes in complex. There have been developed effective methods of correction.
Practical value: The evaluation of vaginal microflora, cervical canal and intestine has been made for the first time in genital herpes and mycoplasmosis as well as changes of the local immunity and developed scheme of correction of disorders revealed.
Practical value: The evaluation of vaginal microflora, cervical canal and intestine has been made for the first time in genital herpes and mycoplasmosis as well as changes of the local immunity and developed scheme of correction of disorders revealed.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: The results of this work arc applied in the Tashkent Medical Academy in the studying process of students, as well as in the therapeutic and diagnostic activity of the gynecological department of 3-Clinic of Tashkent Medical Academy. The economic efficiency makes 3120 sum of one patient.
Sphere of usage: Medicine: clinical microbiology, obstetrics and gynecology.

The aim of study was to assess importance of bacteria crops from the inner organs of laboratory animals during the experimental small and large intenstines mouse obstruction. It was found that due to small intestines obstruction there were the crops of the gram-negative bacils, gram- positive kokks and anaerobs. The ability of translocation of anaerobes was very low. It is found that translacation ability of microorganisms was not de-pended on time of obturation. A significant difference in “crop rate” between Staphylococcus spp and and En-terococcus spp. in the large intestines obstruction in dependence of small intestine obstruction suggested to use as the main microbiological criteria.

In this article plant lectins and their spesifications as biologically active substances of nonimmune origin, possessing a common property of specifically binding to the surface of bacterial cells and viral protein are examined. The main attention is paid to the possibility of using plant lectins in medicine and biomedical practice.

Laboratory studies were conducted on 26 white mongrel rats of 3 months of age. This study was conducted three days after receiving a traumatic brain injury. The animals were fixed on a device made by hand in the form of a vehicle on wheels, the fixed animals were accelerated on the vehicle and hit the wooden barrier with the frontal part of the head. The speed of the vehicle was 6.7 km per hour. As a result of this experiment, two rats died on the spot. In 3-month-old rats, during the experiment, it was revealed that there were no macroscopic changes outside the organ, but there were some changes in the tissue structures of the white and red pulp of the spleen.

Today in the world, tuberculosis is a threat to life for millions of people, many families are
disturbed and their consequences remain the most pressing problem of humankind. 1/3 of the
world's population, live with this disease and continue to form new foci of the disease. Morbidity occurs among different age groups of the population, and especially young people, the disease is more often registered among people aged 20-50 years. In connection with the living of several people in poor living

So'nggi yillarda insult butun dunyoda o'lim va nogironlikning yetakchi sabablaridan bin bo'lib qolmoqda. Ayniqsa, insultdan keyingi reabilitatsiya jarayonining sekinligi va nevrologik tiklanishning murakkabligi tibbiyotda yangi yondashuvlarga chtiyoj tug'dirmoqda. Shu nuqtai nazardan, ichak mikrobiotasining (probiotaning) insult bilan bog‘liqligini o‘rganish nihoyatda dolzarb masalaga aylangan. Xalqaro ilmiy izlanishlar shuni ko‘rsatmoqdaki, insult bilan kasallangan bemorlaming ichak mikroflorasi izdan chiqqan bo‘ladi (disbioz), bu esa yallig'lanishni kuchaytiradi, tiklanishni sekinlashtiradi va hatto insultdan keyingi depressiya xavfini oshiradi. Insult bilan kasallangan bemorlaming reabilitatsiya jarayonida ichak disbakteriozini oldini olish, xamda ulami korreksiyalashning o'ziga xos usullarini ishlab chiqish mavzusining dolzarbligini aniqlab beradi.

Среди факторов, определяющих этиологическую структуру бронхолегочных осложнений в том числе гнойных эндо бронхитов, прежде всего, следует выделить предшествующую антимикробную терапию и продолжительность ИВЛ. У больных, находящихся на пролонгированной искусственной вентиляции легких, выявлена тенденция превалирования высевания грамотрицательной микрофлоры, причем за последние годы расширяется спектр выделяемой поли резистентной флоры.

Background: The term TORCH infections refer to a group of diseases including Toxoplasma, Other (syphilis, varicella-zoster, parvovirus B19), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Herpes infections. These are a set of pathogens capable of traversing the placental barrier, subsequently causing congenital infections. Often these infections are asymptomatic initially and pose significant diagnostic challenges during gestation, potentially leading to undesirable obstetric outcomes. This research intends to explore the correlation between TORCH infections and perinatal outcomes within pregnancies deemed high-risk. Methodology: We examined 143 high-risk pregnant patients aged 18-46 from the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at the Baghdad Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital. Hundreds of normal pregnancy group were also included. The high-risk group encompassed women with recurring pregnancy loss, fetal congenital anomalies, intrauterine fetal death, and low birth weight intrauterine neonatal death. The presence of IgG and IgM antibodies against TORCH agents in patients’ serum control serum were assessed using ELISA kits. We compared perinatal outcomes between TORCH seropositive and seronegative high-risk pregnant women.
Findings: Among the 143 high-risk pregnancies, a significant proportion of young, low-parity women from diverse residences were co-seropositive for Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes Simplex infections. Of these, 55 cases (48.4%) were seropositive for all the four TORCH agents compared to 88 cases (38%) were seropositive for antibodies to one to three of the TORCH agents. IgG seropositivity was 74.5%, while IgM seropositivity was 31.8% for Toxoplasma gondii, 3.6% for CMV and 0% for RV infections, respectively. Significantly, high-risk pregnancies with TORCH seropositivities exhibited a clearly strong correlation with Habitual abortions outcomes.
Conclusion: High-risk manifestations demonstrated for Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus and Herpes Simplex infections strongly associated with habitual abortions compare to high but less significant association in those seropositive to one, two or three of the TORCH agents