Pathology

In this study, a comparative analysis of the incidence and prevalence of CE in the Samarkand region for 2003 to 2012” in patients being followed up by observation. Shown in the whole area reduction EP 2.8 times (2.6 times in rural areas) and reduce its variability in adolescents (1.8 times),
children (2.1) in men (4.4 times), mainly reducing thyroid diseases, especially endemic goiter grade 2. However, the increased number of deaths and disability over the study period, which needs to be improved of endocrinology in the field, early identification of patients with EP and quality of inspections and professor of systematic follow- up

The article presents the peculiarities of methodology of teaching pathological anatomy in modern realities. Approaches necessary for training future specialists in the organization of the educational process are described. It is shown, that introduction of modern multimedia opportunities in educational process, along with traditional forms of teaching, promotes the synergetic effect of using a complex of various forms of teaching of pathological anatomy at the Department of physiology and pathology of TGSI.

Echinococcosis is a severe parasitic disease that most often affects the liver and lungs, less often damage to other organs is observed [3,9,15,29]. According to the WHO (1982) and a number of other sources, there is a wide distribution and a significant increase in the incidence among the population [6,9,18,31].

It has been represented the results of clinical and neuro-functional investigation of 43 sick children at the age from 8 to 14 years old with diagnosis of polyneuropathy before and after treatment with the use of acupuncture and pharmacopuncture with cerebrolisine. The analyses of the results of the performed treatment showed that injection of cerebrolisine in the biologically active points have influence to the pathogenetic parts of the polyneuropathy, this method of treatment is more effective method of treatment of such pathology of the peripheral nerve system

Lingonberry and bearberry leaves should be considered valuable medicinal plant raw materials for the production of medicinal products.

In the Samarkand branch of Pediatric Surgery of PSRSPMCP in the period from 2000 to 2010 were hospitalized 62 patients aged from 10 months to 17 years with congenital anomalies of uretero- pelvic junc-tion (CAUPJ) and urolithiasis (VC). Patients with malfunctions of urodynamic were conducted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and multispiral computer tomography (MSCT). All patients underwent open or nephrotoxicity pelviolithotomy. In this aberrant vessel ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction was detected in 40, embryonic commissure of UPJ in 11, stenosis of UPJ in 4, the valve of UPJ - in 4 patients. In 3 pa-tients with irreversible destructive changes of renal tissue, accompanied by a complete lack of function was conducted nefrureterektomy. Using MRI and MSCT reveals CAUPJ in the preoperative period that determines the amount of surgery. Timely surgical correction of UPJ anomalies can prevent the development of recurrent kidney stones.

In order to study the activity of fecal elastase in 108 preterm infants born at gestational
age from 22 to 32 weeks, stool samples were collected at the age of 13-14 days. Pancreatic
insufficiency was found in preterm infants born at gestational age from 22 to 28 weeks by the age of
2 weeks; in premature babies with a gestational age of 28–32 weeks, the values of full-term babies
are reached in the same age period of pancreatic elastase activity.The relationship between the
gestational age of newborns and the degree of pancreatic insufficiency has been established.
Fecal elastase activity was significantly lower than in children who received breast and mixed
feeding. The necessity of early replacement therapy in such newborns to prevent exocrine
pancreatic insufficiency is substantiated.

Dermatological diseases, especially on the face, can seriously disrupt the daily life of patients, causing psychological problems and a decrease in the quality of life. Rosacea is one of these diseases, accompanied by severe clinical manifestations that can significantly affect the emotional state of the patient.

The article is devoted to the problem of restoring bladder functions in disorders of its central and peripheral innervation, issues of the so-called neurogenic bladder in spinal cord injuries. Despite numerous modem studies, bladder function, bladder innervation and the mechanisms of its coordinated activity, as well as their correction in spinal disorders, remain important issues of modem medical science and require their solution in the context of neurorehabilitation.

In the article the results of roentgenologic research of colon are presented for children with a chronic lock. The features of combination of anomalies of development of colon, clinical flow are described, violations of motor-evacuation function of bowels for children with kolostas. Undertaken a study showed that for children with a chronic lock combination of different innate anomalies of colon,
aleak with a dysmotility and development large-small intestine reflucs, is characteristic. Presence for the
patients of large-small intestine reflucs, that stipulates the permanent pelting of content of colon in thin, provides an origin and progress of pain abdominal syndrome.

In the course of the study, the need and degree of participation of narrow-profile specialists in the treatment ofparadontal diseases was determined for the timely detection of comorbid pathology and the appointment of adequate therapy.
We studied 225 patients with generalized parodontitis of varying severity. 40 patients without generalized parodontitis (GP) and pathology of the oral mucosa (POM) formed a control group.
Statistically significant differences in the frequency of registered pathology in patients of the compared groups with control indicators, as well as correlations between the frequency of detected diseases and the severity ofparadontal pathology, were established. Thus, the total incidence of previously existing diseases increased in the series of mild generalized parodontitis (MGP), moderate generalized parodontitis (MODERGP) and severe generalized parodontitis (SGP) from 32.47 ± 5.34% with MGP; up to 51.25 ± 3.83% with MODERGP up to 86.96 ± 3.14% in patients with SGP (linear correlation coefficient χ² = 96.167; P ≤ 0.001); the corresponding dynamics of the newly discovered pathology was 42.86 ± 5.63%; 47.65 ± 3.83% and 13.04 ± 3.14% (χ² = 65.087; P ≤ 0.001); and the corresponding frequency of all somatic pathology requiring systematic drug correction was 75.32 ± 4.93%; 99.41 ± 0.52% and 100.00 ± 0.00% (χ² = 235.351; P ≤ 0.001).
Based on the studies performed, local therapy tactics should be determined for the following pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of parodontitis: microcirculation disorders, the prevalence of lipid peroxidation processes, an increase in cytokine aggression and an increase in bone resorption.
When making a diagnosis, the scope and methods of therapy should be maximally individualized based on an assessment of the patient's individual clinical and laboratory parameters, by identifying markers that determine the priority mechanisms of the development of the disease.

Endoprosthesis replacement - operational treatment of diseases and damages of hip joint. The problem of prevention of complications and their negative effects is extremely actual [1] today. However the role of different beam techniques in identification of adverse effects and complications of endoprosthesis replacement of joints is studied insufficiently. Results of clinic and diagnostic and beam researches of 40 patients with pathology of hip joint arc analyzed. The used beam methods of research - roentgenography, multispiral computer tomography. At presurgical stage the main objective was detection of pathology of joint, definition of indications and planning of operative measure. Situation and relationship of components of endoprosthesis, condition of bone tissue, and also bone cement round cup and leg of prosthesis were key parameters of radiological assessment of outcomes of endoprosthesis replacement. Complex use of radiological techniques (roentgenography and spiral computer tomography) allows to specify and add semiotics of changes of bone tissue at the level of acetabular hollow and proximal department of femur after endoprosthesis replacement.

Risk factors of formation of congenital cleft of face are investigated. The most significant are: the heredity, age of mothers is more senior than 30 years; the fourth and more pregnancy, the transferred acute infectious diseases in the first trimester of pregnancy, reception of medical products, presence professional factors, smoking and alcohol in the first trimester of pregnancy

The achieved results confirm a high pain-relieving efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty. A choice of vertebroplasy technique depends on a nature of pathology and peculiarities of vertebral anatomy. Application of cement based on calcium phosphate, bioceramic and bonemorphogenetic proteins improves the long-term outcomes of percutaneous vertebroplasty

Analyzed the results of X-ray sonography of 200 women with mammary gland pathologies. In women with mammary gland pathologies, thyroid hypothyroidism was noted in a somewhat prevalent percentage of observations, confirmed by radiometry and laboratory data. When ypothyroidism is determined by an in-crease in the number of observations of fibroaden and diffuse fibrotic mastopathies, characterized by pro-nounced fibrosis processes and a violation of regression of the glandular tissue. The reverse situation is ob-served in the occurrence of mammary gland cysts and normal tissue structure, the number of such observations in patients with hypothyroidism was significantly less than in patients without hypothyroidism. In women with hypothyroidism and without hypothyroidism, almost the same number of cases of breast cancer

Work is devoted to studying of life quality parameters of children and adolescents with tuberculosis. Laboratory and instrumental methods examination of patients do not cover all aspect of tuberculous infection and do not allow valuing the condition of children and adolescents with pulmonary tuberculosis. At analysis of life’s quality there is full possibility to define the influence of the disease on physical, psychological and social aspects of the organism’s functioning. The analysis of quantitative indexes children and adolescents quality of life was conducted depending on accompanying pathology. For research was used the questionnaire of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory - PedsQL. Questionnaire of PedsQL 4.0. includes 23 questions, incorporated in 4 scales. Every question has 5 variants of answers: "no", "hardly ever", "sometimes", "often" and "almost always", from which it is needed to choose one, most going near a situation.

The method of questionnaire survey of parents to study the characteristics of regime moments and conditions of education in 1175 of children in preschool tuberculosis sanatorium profile - the main group ( 220 children) and in preschool general types - the control group (955 children). Number of children in the study group with the breastfeeding duration of 12 months or more was 1,8 times less than in the control group; the number of children in the main group 1,1 times more educated in beshik, and those children with the period of stay from 1,5 to 2 years were 1,3 times more. On average, 60% of children received the information about the elements of a healthy lifestyle in the family, 32% - in the preschool education and 8,5% - as a result of watching television, using the Internet and children's publications. Almost 70% of the duration of outdoor exercise, diurnal sleep, watch TV and play on the computer of preschool chil-
dren exceded hygienic standards. The increase in the risk of chronic disease in children tubcontacts consistently influenced by factors such as the duration of the games on your computer, feeding children breast milk, watching TV, outdoor activities and education of the child in beshik

Prevention and anemia treatment at women in labor and women in childbirth from cardiovascular pathology. Yusupbayev R.B.,Dauletova MJ. Republican specialized scientific-practice medical center of obstetrics and gynecology. I this article there were described of the medicamentous treatment of the iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women with having cardiac pathology with the antianemic preparationFersinol-Z.

Questioning for 378 women from 50 to 80 years of age who are in menopause and live in Bukhara re-gion. The prevalence of osteoporosis among surveyed postmenopausal women living in Bukhara region com-prised 24.1%, osteopenia - 33.6%.With increase of age there the number of women with normal BMD signifi-
cantly declines (from 50.5% at age of 50-59 to 5,0% - at ≥70).Dairy products were regularly consumed by less than half of the women (43.7%) and 46.3% were physically active during at least 30 minutes daily. Early men-opause was significantly more common among women with osteoporosis (39.6%), than in women with nBMD
(20.6%). Irregular consumption of dairy products, low physical activity and the duration of menopause were the risk factors in the studied group of women

Undoubtedly correction of depressive disorders is essential in the outcomes of stroke in patients with depression. We should notice that patient with stroke is usually the elderly person burdened with various somatic diseases, with a reduced rate of metabolism of drugs and receives at least three types of medication a day. The lesions of different localization in the depressions with various psychopathological pictures are distributed alm ost evenly. Implementation of Stimuloton combined with non-drug measures is effective in the vast number of stroke patients for controlling the depressive disorders, for improving psychosocial adaptation, and thus for enhance the quality of life.

Prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of digestive diseases in children in recent years, have moved beyond pediatrics, and is a complex and large medical and social problem. There were examined 130 girls students with chronic gastroduodenal pathology' and 55 healthy girls of school age, without systemic diseases. We used the method of individualizing anthropometric studies. For the evaluation of the physical development of the use of child anthropometric indicators: somatometry, fiziometry, somatoskopy and measured body mass index. Studies have shown that with age in girls-studcnts with HGDP, lagging behind in physical development in relation to healthy peers, more clearly marked in adolescence. In particular, at 20.96% of adolescent girls observed a decrease in BMI from 19.4% advance in relation to the control group.

Preserving the life and health of premature newborns continues to be one of the priorities of peri- and neonatology. The proportion of premature newborns is 5.8-6% of all births (G.M. Dementieva et al., 2004). They, to a large extent, determine early neonatal mortality, perinatal diseases and cerebral pathology in newborns (Yu.I. Barashnev, 2000). In recent decades, due to significant advances in neonatology and the improvement of perinatal care, the number of surviving newborns with a short gestational age has increased. However, the severity of neurological consequences in these children decreased insignificantly, and it is premature babies who have a serious neurological pathology to a large extent (O.N. Malinovskaya et al. 2005). Therefore, at present, the criteria for success should be considered not only the survival of the child, but also the possibility of his subsequent normal development (A.A. Baranov, 2001).

Prospective study of the levels of TTH, Т3, Т4, blood indexes, also, treatment results at 100 women with irondeficiency anemia and endemic goiter was performed in the Maternity complex of SamMI clinics. Treatment was performed with levothyroxin, iodium and ferrum preparations. As study results has revealed the complex treatment of these conjoined conditions led to normalize not only thyroid gland dysfunctions, but also to improve pregnancy and delivery outcomes.

With acute diseases of the abdominal cavity, 10 patients were hospitalized, 4 of them for acute appendi-citis, 3 for perforated ulcers, 1 for acute cholecystitis, 1 for gastrointestinal bleeding and 1 for infiltrates and
phlegmon retroperitoneal space. Studies were conducted to analyze the immune status of patients taking into
account the phagocytic activity of neutrophils, humoral and cellular immunity. HIV infection is not an excuse
for refusing surgery in patients with acute surgical pathology. Observations showed that the HIV-associated
infection burdens the course of the postoperative period. In patients, there is a prolonged phenomenon of intox-ication, pain, prolonged course of suppuration of the wound, as well as a difficult cleansing of the wound

In recent decades, significant progress has been made in studying the problems of etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinic and treatment of cervical cancer. Today, a certain connection is also found between functional disorders in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system and the development of certain organic diseases in target organs - the uterus, mammary gland, cervix. This violation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system, leading to relative or absolute hyperestrogenism, is one of the causes of underlying diseases of the cervix. This is evidenced by a high percentage of detected ovarian dysfunction, hyperproliferative processes of the endometrium, myometrium and endocervix in patients with cervical diseases. The study involved 75 women with cervical pathology. It was found that in women with hormonal disorders such as hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction and PCOS, the incidence of epithelial ectopia and leukoplakia of the cervix is ​​higher compared to patients in whom the pathology of the cervix is ​​associated with traumatic factors, sexually transmitted infections, and HPV. In such cases, cervical diaplasia is observed.