“PEDAGOGS”
international research journal ISSN:
2181-3027
_SJIF:
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Volume-82, Issue-1, May -2025
27
THE ROLE OF VITAMIN D IN THE BODY OF WOMEN
DURING MENOPAUSE. (REVIEW ARTICLE)
Achilova Nodira Ganievna
Tashkent city, index 100100, Yakkasaroy district
Toshbulok 27A building.
E-mail: achilovanodira16@gmail.com.
Tashkent Medical Academy
Changes in vitamin D levels during menopause can be related to a number of
factors, including hormonal changes, age, and lifestyle changes. Vitamin D plays an
important role in maintaining healthy bones and the immune system, and levels can
change significantly during menopause. Here are some key areas to conside.Hormonal
changes: During menopause, a woman’s estrogen levels drop significantly. Estrogen
affects the metabolism of calcium and vitamin D. Decreased estrogen levels can lead
to decreased absorption of vitamin D and its decreased activity in the div, which
increases the risk of osteoporosis and fractures.Problems with calcium absorption:
Vitamin D helps the div absorb calcium, and as you age, the div’s ability to produce
vitamin D from sunlight decreases. This can lead to vitamin D deficiency, especially if
a woman does not get enough from food or supplements.Hydrate and nourish the skin:
Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin when exposed to sunlight. As we age, especially
during menopause, our skin loses its ability to produce vitamin D effectively, which
may be another factor in vitamin D deficiency.Osteoporosis Risk: Due to changes in
vitamin D and calcium levels, postmenopausal women are at higher risk of
osteoporosis, as vitamin D plays a key role in maintaining bone strength. It is important
to monitor your vitamin D levels and take supplements if needed to prevent
osteoporosis and maintain bone health.Vitamin D Levels and Disease Risk: Recent
research also suggests that vitamin D deficiency may be associated with a higher risk
of heart disease, diabetes, and other chronic diseases, which is also important during
menopause.Early menopause, defined as the loss of ovarian function before age 45,
affects about 10% of women. Unfortunately, the number of modifiable risk factors for
this condition is very limited, but new evidence suggests that adequate vitamin D intake
may reduce the risk of early menopause. A 2017 study in the United States showed
how vitamin D and calcium intake was associated with the incidence of early
menopause. After adjusting for age, smoking, and other factors, women with adequate
vitamin D and calcium intake had a 17% lower risk of early menopause compared with
the control group [49].Studies have shown that estrogens increase the activity of the
enzyme responsible for activating vitamin D, so a decrease in estrogen levels can lead
“PEDAGOGS”
international research journal ISSN:
2181-3027
_SJIF:
5.449
https://scientific-jl.com/ped
Volume-82, Issue-1, May -2025
28
to a deficiency of vitamin D in the div [50].Vitamin D deficiency is associated with
a decrease in the serum concentration of 25(OH)D ( calcidol ), which has a fairly long
half-life in the blood - about 15 days. Serum concentration of 25(OH)D is the best
indicator reflecting containing the total amount of vitamin D produced in the skin and
obtained from food products and food additives. It is recommended to check the
reliability of the method used in clinical practice for determining 25(OH)D against
international standards (DEQAS, NIST). When determining the concentration of
25(OH)D over time, it is recommended to use the same method. Determination of
25(OH)D after the use of native vitamin D preparations in therapeutic doses should be
carried out at least three days after the last administration of the preparation.Adequate
levels of vitamin D are defined as 25(OH)D concentrations of 30 to 100 ng /ml (75–
250 nmol /l), insufficiency as 20 to 30 ng /ml (50 to 75 nmol /l), and deficiency as less
than 20 ng /ml (50 nmol /l). Concentrations greater than 250 nmol /l can cause toxic
effects. The target 25(OH)D value for correction of vitamin D deficiency is 30–60 ng
/ml (75–150 nmol /l) [1].
The recommended drug for the treatment of vitamin D deficiency is
cholecalciferol (D3) (level of evidence AI), which has comparatively greater efficacy
in achieving and maintaining target serum 25(OH)D levels [51].
Patients with diagnosed vitamin D deficiency are prescribed significantly higher
doses than for prophylaxis, which is achieved by carrying out loading therapy with
native vitamin D, which should be followed by continuous maintenance therapy.
However, there are still no standard loading treatment regimens, as well as generally
accepted maintenance doses [52].
The US Institute of Medicine recommends a minimum of 600 IU of vitamin D for
the general population of apparently healthy individuals aged 18–50 years, a dose that
is also endorsed by most clinical guidelines because it achieves 25(OH)D levels greater
than 20 ng /mL in 97% of individuals in this age group.
People over 50 years of age have an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency due to
infrequent sun exposure, decreased ability to synthesize vitamin D in the skin under
the influence of UV rays, a sedentary lifestyle, age-related lactase deficiency , and
gastrointestinal diseases accompanied by decreased absorption of vitamin D. In this
regard, people over 50 years of age should receive at least 800–1000 IU of vitamin D
per day to prevent vitamin D deficiency [1].
The presented data indicate the important role of vitamin D in women of
menopausal age. Further studies to clarify the effect of vitamin D deficiency on the
development of vegetative, affective and cognitive manifestations of climacteric
syndrome and the effectiveness of vitamin D for their prevention and treatment are of
significant theoretical and practical relevance.
“PEDAGOGS”
international research journal ISSN:
2181-3027
_SJIF:
5.449
https://scientific-jl.com/ped
Volume-82, Issue-1, May -2025
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The number of women over 50 will progressively increase in the coming years,
and their growing social inclusion will determine the desire for active and healthy
longevity. Particular attention in the postmenopausal period should be paid to the
prevention of conditions that threaten life and longevity ( Khamoshina M.B., Bril
Yu.A. Menopausal disorders: variability of therapeutic approaches. Information
bulletin. Status Praesens . 2014, No. 1. P. 20). The common preventive denominator
for each patient in menopause should be exogenous replenishment of hormonal
deficiencies (Radzinsky V.E., Khamoshina I.G., Shestakova I.G. Menopausal
syndrome - therapy and prevention: proven capabilities of phytoestrogens. Gynecology
Endocrinology . Doctor.Ru . 2015. №14(115). P. 32-37). In the context of age-related
decline in sex hormones, a number of pathological conditions and diseases in
postmenopausal women are based on hormone D deficiency, more often referred to as
vitamin D deficiency, which is well known for its classical role in calcium, phosphorus
homeostasis and skeletal health (Gromova O.A., Torshin I.Yu. Vitamin D - a paradigm
shift. Moscow: Torus Press. 2015. P. 435-64). The level of 25(OH)D less than 30 ng
/ml among women of reproductive and postmenopausal age was noted in more than
50%. A large international epidemiological study (18 countries) revealed a decrease in
vitamin D concentration in 64% of postmenopausal women. ( Jolfaie NR, Rouhani
MN, Onvani S. The association between Vitamin D and health outcomes in women: A
review on the related evidence. J Res Med Sci . 2016. Vol . 21. P. 76). Modern research
confirms the possible role of vitamin D in protecting against many common diseases
and disorders, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases,
musculoskeletal diseases , fractures, infections and depression, diabetes and metabolic
syndrome, obesity, etc. (Gromova O.A., Torshin I.Yu. Vitamin D - a paradigm shift.
Moscow: Torus Press. 2015. Pp. 435-64). In order to minimize the above-mentioned
diseases, higher doses of vitamin D are currently used than previously ( Wimalawansa
SJ Associations of vitamin D with Insulin resistance , obesity , type 2 diabetes , and
metabolic syndrome . The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
2018. Vol. 175. P . 177-189). There is evidence that low 25(OH)D levels were
associated with a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality. In the presence of
severe vitamin D deficiency, the overall mortality rate in people is almost 2-fold higher
than in those whose serum 25(OH)D level is more than 30 ng / ml 4 ( Gröber U,
Reichrath J, Holick MF Live Longer with Vitamin D? Nutrients . 2015. Vol . 7, №3.
P. 1871-1880). There is information in the literature on a reduction in the risk of
developing type 2 diabetes by 43% (95% confidence interval 24, 57%) in individuals
with a 25(OH)D level of >25 ng / ml, compared with those with 25(OH)D less than 14
ng / ml ( Mitri J., Muraru M., Pittas A. Vitamin D and type 2 diabetes : a systematic
review European journal of clinical nutrition . J Eur J Clin Nutr . 2011. Vol . 65, No.
9. P. 1005-1015). Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) as the most effective therapy
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international research journal ISSN:
2181-3027
_SJIF:
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https://scientific-jl.com/ped
Volume-82, Issue-1, May -2025
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for moderate and severe menopausal symptoms can significantly improve the quality
of life, but it cannot cover the entire spectrum of disorders occurring in postmenopause.
Timely detection and correction of hypovitaminosis D as one of the areas of a
comprehensive approach to the treatment of climacteric syndrome (CS) are designed
to improve and maintain many health indicators and improve the quality of life in
general during this period of a woman's life ( Schneider HPG.M., Birkhäuser M.
Quality of life in climacteric women . Climacteric . 2017. Vol.20, No. 3.P. 187-194).
The purpose of the studyThe role of vitamin D in the div of women during menopause
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