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ACRYLIC AND POLYPROPYLENE REMOVABLE DENTURES AND THE RESULTS
OF COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF THEIR PHYSICALAND MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
Kuzieva Madina Abdusalimovna
Asian International University.
kuzievamadina84@gmail.com
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15738135
Abstract.
Taking into account the urgency of improving removable prosthetics (especially
prostheses made of modern materials nylon, polypropylene, acetal) in modern orthopedic
dentistry, the author set the goal to eliminate the disadvantages of polypropylene prostheses in
order to reduce the complications that accompany removable plate prosthetics by studying and
improving the physical-mechanical and physical-technological properties of polypropylene. The
comparison group consisted of acrylic base plastics. Various modifications of polypropylene and
the copolymer "Tipplene R 359" developed by the author, which has a number of advantages
over other analogues, were studied. To improve a number of properties of the copolymer
"Tipplene R 359" after polymerization and fitting of the prosthesis, it was treated in glow
discharge plasma. The results of physical and chemical studies of polypropylene and acrylic
plastics convincingly prove that these materials are devoid of the main disadvantages of acrylic
base materials, namely: they have a high degree of chemical safety, increased strength
characteristics; they are characterized by low shrinkage, which ensures high accuracy of
prostheses, as well as insignificant water absorption, which ensures their high hygiene.
However, the main disadvantage of polypropylene prostheses is the porosity of their surface,
which leads to changes in the surface of prostheses with a long period of use.
Key words:
polypropylene, removable dentures,
водопоглощение
plastic water
absorption, shrinkage, elasticity.
Relevance of the topic.
Orthopedic dentistry has been actively developing and
improving for several centuries due to technological inventions and the evolution of materials.
One of the most popular types of prostheses due to its simplicity of manufacture and versatility is
a removable plate prosthesis, the technology of which, in the form in which we use it today, has
more than 70 years. At the same time, modern materials science improves old and develops
completely new plastics that can be used in orthopedic dentistry. Among such fundamental
changes in dental materials science, the emergence of polypropylene and nylon as a material for
the bases of removable dentures should be noted. And, despite the rather long history of
improving polypropylene in orthopedic clinics, the material has significant physical and
mechanical and physical and technological shortcomings that hinder the widespread use of this
material. The positive features of the material - its bioinertness, clear fit, high cosmetic
properties and ease of getting used to the prosthesis-are leveled by the difficulties of
manufacturing the prosthesis, its shrinkage and high porosity.
The purpose of this study.
Elimination of the disadvantages of polypropylene prostheses in order to reduce the
complications that accompany removable plate prosthetics by studying and improving the
physical and mechanical and physical - technological properties of this basic material.
Among these shortcomings are identified:
1. increased porosity;
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2. layered edges of prostheses;
3. excessive hydrophilicity;
4. non-stability of dyes.
Materials and methods of research.
To eliminate these disadvantages of the well-known basic thermoplastic material for the
manufacture of removable plate prostheses "Lipol", after a number of searches for polypropylene
copolymers, we chose the copolymer"Tipplene R 359", which has a number of advantages. To
improve a number of properties of the Tipplene R 359 copolymer, we treated the material in
glow discharge plasma after polymerization and fitting of the prosthesis. In order to evaluate the
properties of the material, we conducted a number of comparative studies of the obtained
material andthe Lipol material. The experimental setup proposed by Professor L. D. Chulak
(1989) was used to treat samples made of colorless plastic with a glow (cold) discharge plasma.
According to his research, the processing time in the proposed scheme is optimal for
modifying the surface of the samples under study. The main characteristic
биоинертности
of
polymer bioinertness is the contact angle of wetting, which was determined using a horizontal
microscope with an eyepiece equipped with a special scale, by applying water droplets of a fixed
volume to control and experimental samples using a micro-syringe. The wetting angle for each
experimental plot point was determined based on the results of at least 50 measurements. The
maximum deviation in all cases did not exceed ±3°. When studying the porosity of materials, we
performed a comparative characterization of only two materials
—
"Lipol" and "Tipplene R 359"
copolymer. Determination of the surface porosity of the polymerized sample was carried out
with a device for measuring the porosity of low voltage OS 15. Analysis of research results. The
results of physical and mechanical tests
Липол» и
" Tippleneof Lipol and Tipplene R 359
materials indicate increased strength characteristics of these materials When studying the
specific impact strength of the material, "Tipplene R 359" it was found that according to this
indicator
—
(29±2.5) kJ/m2 —
the material is more than doubled by acrylic base materials by
20-25 %, as well as a slight advantage over the traditionally recognized polypropylene "Lipol".
This means that the material based on a polypropylene copolymer is a high-modulus
plastic that has an increased resistance to the development of alternating elastic deformations that
the prosthesis experiences while in the oral cavity. As a result of determining the relative
elongation at break, it was found that the copolymer "Tipplene R 359" is 9 times superior to
acrylic plastics in this indicator. Therefore, prostheses made of this material will be able to
withstand heavy loads during operation. Studies on the shrinkage of the developed materials
have shown that the shrinkage of the PP copolymer "Tipplene R 359" is (1.8±0.2)%. This is
slightly lower (p>0.05)than the Lipol PP index(1.9±0.1)%, but significantly lowerше
shrinkage
of acrylic base plastics, in particular, "Ftorax" plastic, which was used in the study
–
(6.0±0.5)%.
Such shrinkage values of polypropylene copolymers can be considered minimal,
especially since the technology of manufacturing prostheses from these materials using the
injection molding method does not provide for special technological factors to compensate for
shrinkage, and these factors can reduce shrinkage in the manufacture of prostheses with acrylic
bases by up to 2 %.
Thus, the minimum shrinkage values of the developed materials ensure high precision of
the manufactured prostheses, which, in turn, avoids significant adjustments and corrections of
the prostheses. The results of our research indicate a very low water absorption of polypropylene
materials in comparison with acrylic plastics.
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Being in the oral cavity, polypropylene, especially the copolymer "Tipplene R 359", will
be less susceptible to the action of a humid environment, which is expressed in the penetration of
moisture with microorganisms and various chemical compounds deep into the material. In
addition, it is known that when 1.5-2% of water is absorbed, the strength of the material
decreases by 8-10 %. Consequently, the minimal water absorption of the created materials
distinguishes them favorably from the widely used basic acrylic plastics (in particular,
"Ftoraksa"). The results showed an advantage in the use of the copolymer "Tipplene R 359"
(0.240±0.004 units vs. 0.360±0.001), and the use of plastic treatment in glow discharge plasma
reduced the porosity to 0.190±0.024 units.
Conclusions.
The results of physico-chemical and sanitary-chemical studies of PP "Lipol" and
"Tipplene R 359" in comparison with the most common base plastic "Ftorax" convincingly
prove that these materials are devoid of the main disadvantages of acrylic base materials,
namely: they have a high degree of chemical safety, increased strength characteristics; they are
characterized by low shrinkage, which ensures the following characteristics: high accuracy of
prostheses, as well as low water absorption, ensuring their high hygiene. However, the main
disadvantage of polypropylene prostheses is the porosity of their surface, which leads to changes
in the surface of prostheses with a long period of use.
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