ISSN:
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2025
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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IS THE MECHANISM OF USING PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES IN THE
PSYCHOPROPHYLAXIS OF THE PHENOMENON OF VIOLENCE
(ON THE EXAMPLE OF RELATIONSHIPS IN THE FAMILY SOCIAL GROUP)
Iroda Rasulova
Teacher SHDPI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15760991
Abstract.
The process of determining aggression in a person is very complex, and it has
been studied by social psychologists for a long time. Some social psychologists define aggression
as the intentional harm to another person, causing physical or social damage, and in some
cases, destroying the object of aggression.
In our opinion, this definition is correct, but we must take into account some limitations
in the further development of our research. For example, if you ask a question to one of your
family members and he does not answer you or refuses to answer, we do not see in this action an
attack on someone's life or harm. In the same way, your neighbor sitting on the threshold
disturbs you, but cannot harm you.
Keywords:
spirituality, violence, family, society, science, spirit, relationships
Psychological research has shown that, no matter how interesting passive aggression is in
itself, it is generally considered relevant in the process of solving the problem of crime.
At this point, we are only interested in identifying and studying aggression that violates
our constitutional rights, acts of violence and violation. If we return to the neighbor sitting on the
threshold, we can determine the purpose of his aggression by accusing him of violating his
property rights. In general, the aggressive behavior, the type of aggression that we are
witnessing, does not fall into the category of “passive aggression”.
In classifying the types of aggression in a person using the example of family
relationships, we will familiarize ourselves with the model proposed by A.G. Bass (1971) (see
Table 1.1) 9 [9; 307].
1.1-jadval.
А.G.Bass bо‘yicha shaхs agrеssiyasining turlari
Аgrеssiya
turlari
Аgrеssоr хatti-harakatlari kо‘rinishi
Tо‘g‘ridan-
tо‘g‘ri faоl
agrеssiya
Bilvоsita
agrеssiya
Tо‘g‘ridan-
tо‘g‘ri sust
agrеssiya
Bilvоsita sust
agrеssiya
Jismоniy
agrеssiya
Zarba bеrish
Оyоg‘idan
chalish
Xalaqit bеrish,
ziyоn yеtkazish,
tо‘siqlar
Vazifani
bajarishdan
bоsh tоrtish
Vеrbal
agrеssiya
Jabrlanuvchini
haqоrat qilish,
nafsоniyatiga
tеgish.
Yоmоn mish-
mishlar, yоmоn
gap sо‘zlarni
tarqatish.
Sо‘zlashishdan
bоsh tоrtish
Kеlishishni
хоhlamaslik
yоzma yоki
оg‘zaki
ISSN:
2181-3906
2025
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
1382
From Table 1.1, we can easily distinguish between states that are related to the individual
or confused with him. These differences only indicate the diversity of manifestations of
aggressive states and the fact that their identification is quite complex. In this regard, a number
of social psychologists have concluded in their studies that “it is very difficult to identify
individual aggression.”
In his research, S. Feshbach (1964) divided aggression into 2 types in order to
satisfactorily identify and classify it:
- aggressive (hostility);
- instrumental aggression.
These two types were distinguished by S. Feshbach according to their purpose and
motivation (here the “right” of the aggressor is meant).74 [74; 257-272].
In our research, we will mainly consider the “aggressive” form of aggression, that is, the
type of hostility and harm. According to S. Feshbach, this is aggression that often occurs when
anger is aroused, and it is manifested in aversive stimuli and effects (affects), that is, insults,
slander, rumors, gossip and physical attacks with the aim of hitting the ground, personal
misfortunes.
The goal of the aggressor in this case is to make the victim suffer. In his studies, S.
Feshbach calls numerous murderers rape, defamation and other serious crimes, that is, "actions
aimed at causing harm to the victim, hostile aggression." The reason is that in such cases, the
aggressor's actions are observed to be quick and angry (in strong excitement or external
impressions, a person is unnerved) and the behavior seems to be related to the influence of
external frustration (for example, an unemployed breadwinner may act out in excitement, or even
shoot a motorcycle driver who has overtaken him, and, feeling satisfied with this, think that he
has taken revenge on society) [; 257-272]. The second type, proposed by S. Feshbach -
instrumental aggression - is considered a crime committed by a person with the aim of obtaining
something (money, jewelry, place, territory). He is focused on getting something under any
circumstances and removes obstacles on the way (breaks, destroys, and forcibly attacks a
person). As S. Feshbach's research shows, an instrumental aggressor does not commit a crime
with the intention of causing trouble to someone, but only with the intention of possessing
something. If a person comes forward and becomes an obstacle, he coolly destroys him, without
having previously planned to cause harm or suffering74 [74; 257-272]. In our opinion, the
coolness in the killer's actions during the execution of a planned robbery can be assessed as
instrumental aggression. Instrumental aggression is usually an attempt to gain possession of
something from the other party.
According to A. Bandura (1973), when assessing the state of the aggressor, the “social
judgment” of the victim should be taken into account along with the harm he caused.68 [10].
Based on our extensive theoretical research, we have seen that there are various
definitions of aggression, which are as follows (see Table 1.2).
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2025
International scientific journal
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VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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Table 1.2.
Foreign classical definitions of aggression
Аgrеssiya – bu ...
1
.
Аrnоld Gеrbеrt Bass
bоshqalarga хavf sоluvchi yоki ziyоn yеtkazuvchi har
qanday хulq-atvоr.
2
.
Lеоnard Bеrkоvis
bоshqalarni хafa qilish, ularga ziyоn yеtkazish niyati
bо‘lgan хatti-harakatlar.
3
.
Dоlf Zilmann
bоshqalarga jismоniy zarar yеtkazadigan, shunday niyat
bilan amalga оshiriladigan harakatlar.
4
.
Rоbеrt
Bеrоn,
Dеbоra
Richardsоn
bоshqa tirik mavjudоdga ziyоn yеtkazishga qaratilgan,
о‘zi unga nisbatan qо‘llanishiga qarshi bо‘lgan har qanday
хulq-atvоr.
David N. Daniels, Marshall F. Gilula, and Frank M. Ochberg define aggression as: “An
act intended to cause physical or psychological harm to another, or an attempt to destroy a
person or object.” This includes all types in A.G. Bass’s typology. Not all cases of aggression are
criminal. However, the authors define all such acts of violence as destructive physical
aggression, that is, an act intended to cause harm to another person or object. This is because
violence can be premeditated or accidental, long-lasting or short-term. It can be short-term, very
rapid, or at levels that are beyond control. It is always aimed at harming or destroying the victim
or at seeking such an action” [73; 451]
Rolf Leber and Magda Stutzhamer-Leber advise researchers studying aggression to
remember that aggressive actions can be overt or covert. According to Rolf Leber and Magda
Stutzhamer-Leber, these two types of aggression are in turn differentiated into the following
types:
1. Pattern behavior.
2. Emotions.
3. Cognitive process.
4. Development 24 [24; 333–354]
Overt aggression is a direct, overt attack on the victim in behavior, causing physical harm
and damage. Covert aggression is hidden by its name, gossip, rumors, deception, lies, etc. In
most cases, overt aggression weakens with age, becomes hidden, while covert aggression
increases. However, if overt aggression is very strongly developed in childhood, they may also
commit violent crimes as adults, for example, aggression related to private property28 [28; 379–
390].
Thus, in most overt aggression, anger, rage, and emotion are important. In covert
aggression, the person's state is neutral and does not manifest any overt emotions. Theft,
embezzlement, and similar "professional crimes" are common in life, and covert aggressors
usually do not give in to emotion in such circumstances.
O. Kernberg united two branches of psychoanalysis, that is, he ensured the joint
development of the “Theory of Tendencies” and the “Theory of Objective Relations”. He
ISSN:
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International scientific journal
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VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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proceeded from two basic ideas:
the first is that a person has two inclinations - libido and aggression;
the second is that the self-representation exists in certain relations with the object-
representation [8; 45].
K. Bartol (2004) notes that cognitive processes are also distinguished, as are overt and
covert aggression. Aggressive and violent people have a cognitive deficit (lack of thinking and
decision-making), that is, they do not have the ability to resolve conflicts peacefully, they act
"aggressively" without thinking deeply and are stuck. There is also a tendency to use violent
methods that are compatible with certain cognitive processes, such as hostility towards hidden
aggressors, feelings of deceit, insincerity. Covert aggressors do not display cognitive deficits in
resolving conflicts, that is, in such cases hostility is not openly displayed. Instead, they steal by
planning carefully, choosing the right time, weaving beautiful and convincing lies, and if there is
a risk of being caught, they also find a plausible “alibi” [6; 352].
1.3-jadval.
Оchiq va yоpiq turdagi agrеssiv хatti-harakatlar
Аgrеssiya
Pattеrn
хulq-atvоr
Emоtsiya
Bilimlar
(kоgnitsii)
Shakllanish
Оchiq
agrеssiya
Jabrlanuvchi
bilan
оchiqdan-
оchiq
tо‘qnashish;
оdatda
u
yоsh
ulg‘ayishi
bilan
sustlashadi
G‘azab, yuqоri
darajada
qо‘zg‘algan
Ijtimоiy bilimlar
kamligi, agrеssiv
masalani
hal
еtish uchun
Аgrеssiya
еrta yuzaga
chiqadi,
ayniqsa
о‘g‘il
bоlalarda
Yashirin
agrеssiya
Yashirin
makkоrlik,
g‘irrоmlik;
yоsh о‘tishi
bilan
kuchayadi
Kuchsiz ichki
va
tashqi
taassurоtga
bеrilish,
jinоyatchilarda:
о‘g‘irlik,
firibgarlik,
aldоv
Аldоv
qоbiliyatlarini
rеjalashtirishning
kоgnitiv
хususiyatlariga
asоslanishi
Jazоdan
qоchish
stratеgiyasi
juda yaхshi
rivоjlanishi
mumkin
Professional crimes, such as theft of company property and illegal use of information, are
often carried out in a well-planned manner. Computer theft (cybercrime) is also a good example
of covert aggression. The development of overt aggression in personal activities is observed very
early, for example, we have all observed that boys usually resolve conflicts between themselves
very quickly using overt aggression.
According to R. Loeber, M. Stouthamer-Loeber, “in people prone to open aggression, the
ISSN:
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2025
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
1385
nature of hidden aggression may not develop in parallel. These people were not instilled by their
parents with the laws of life, the general etiquette of “do not look at someone else’s property”.
Such criminals usually come from families where there was no order in the family, where
negative upbringing was practiced, and no one, never taught them to be polite, respectful, and
honest” [17; 325-382].
The study shows that "no matter how they protect themselves, no matter how they learn
to feed their families, they are criminals who are the result of indifference.
There are no people who teach them how to live right, who set an example, but rather,
they demonstrate what they have seen in life and learned from the bad guys as open and hidden
aggression. The strategy of selling stolen things from home, finding money, and deceiving theft
through deception, inventing hidden, self-justifying methods, gradually develops from
childhood. The influence of the environment is a great experience, and hidden aggression in
them is formed in such a way It should be noted that not all overt aggression is prone to violent
methods; this develops gradually in childhood29 [29; 325-382].
M. Stouthamer-Loeber and R. Loeber also emphasize that “although some individuals do
not show a tendency to overt aggression in childhood, they develop a tendency to overt
aggression or violence in adulthood.
Although such late-onset aggressors are also considered rule breakers, not all aggression
manifests itself in childhood and can later develop into extreme aggression [18; 127–148].
In conclusion, it should be noted that, along with overt aggressive acts that manifest
aggression and violence, covert aggression crimes are also committed, which cause great damage
to personal and economic property, as well as state property.
Modern social psychology is interested in the way people think, feel, and interact with
each other in various social aspects of their lives, in their relationships with other people. It is not
always appropriate to equate all definitions and explanations related to social processes with the
opinions of scientists and the results of their research. The reason is that in social psychology, in
everyday discussions, and in the frequent description of social phenomena, one can witness the
use of different terms.
However, it is fair to associate the term "aggression" with the essence of the above
situations, since this expression is increasingly firmly established in the specialized vocabulary
of social psychologists and in everyday speech.
In the scientific field, one can observe a unanimous view of the concept of aggression as
a negative or antisocial behavior. Science, in addition to basic accuracy, must provide very
precise indicators of the criteria, that is, the ability to measure specific aggressive behavior.
A.G. Bass recommended defining aggression as a “reaction”, that is, as an act of
oppression against another person, and classifying it.
At the same time, we will consider here such behavior: in which a person’s intention to
harm someone fails to achieve his intended goal, he engages in aggressive behavior even if the
bullet does not hit the target, even if the victim is not harmed at all. Looking at a person in need
of help with indifference or indifference can also be included in the type of aggression intended
to harm someone, as a form of aggression. The following details are related to the desire to
escape from a harmful relationship on the part of the object. This approach is aimed at denying
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aggression directed at oneself, in which both the victim and the aggressor are manifested in one
person: these are suicide or self-harm (suicide), sadomasochistic sexual relationships, and the
like [19; 307].
According to R.A. Baron, D.R. Richardson, the term “aggression” is used to refer to
individuals who try to inflict any oppression, insult, or humiliation on someone [20; 7].
So, we can use this idea to describe the socio-psychological characteristics of the
formation of interpersonal behavior prone to violence in the example of family relationships.
Conclusion 1. Aggression and acts of violence are assessed as overt aggressive acts in
terms of appearance, and in them, mainly, anger, rage, and emotion are important.
2. In covert aggression in the context of family relations, the state of each family member
is neutral and occurs without overt emotions.
3. The term “aggression” can be used to describe any actions aimed at inflicting
oppression, insulting, or degrading someone, and can be used to describe the socio-psychological
characteristics of the formation of interpersonal behavior prone to violence in the example of
family relations.
4. Although conflict situations and conflicting situations in family relationships have
been studied in scientific research, the motives for the emergence of violence have not been
specifically studied.
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