КОМПЛЕКСНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ХИРУРГИЧЕСКИХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В ЛЕЧЕНИИ ТРАВМ ПЕРОРАЛЬНОЙ ЗОНЫ: ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

This article provides an in-depth analytical review of current advances in the improvement of surgical techniques for the management of injuries to the perioral region, with a focus on the integrative application of microsurgery, laser-assisted procedures, endoscopic minimally invasive approaches, and local flap reconstruction. The perioral anatomical complex, characterized by dense innervation, highly coordinated mimetic musculature, and rich vascular networks, renders trauma to this area particularly challenging, requiring exceptionally precise surgical decision-making and the use of refined operative technologies. Recent literature demonstrates that microsurgical repair enables anatomically accurate restoration of neural and muscular continuity, significantly enhancing functional reinnervation and reducing long-term deficits. Laser surgery provides substantial advantages in soft-tissue handling due to precise cutting, superior hemostasis, decreased bacterial contamination, and accelerated healing. Endoscopic approaches offer minimal invasiveness, reduced postoperative morbidity, and the absence of visible scarring, making them an optimal option for selected intraoral injuries. Local flap reconstruction remains indispensable for achieving high-quality aesthetic and functional outcomes, providing favorable tissue compatibility and stable coverage of complex defects. The comprehensive comparative analysis confirms that the integration of these four advanced modalities into a unified, patient-specific treatment model markedly improves both functional recovery and aesthetic results following perioral injuries. This integrative strategy represents a scientifically substantiated direction for further development of reconstructive and restorative surgery in the maxillofacial domain.