YELKA SUYAGI TUZILISHINING AMALIY VA KLINIK AHAMIYATI

Abstract

This scientific-analytical article examines the anatomical features of the humerus, as well as its clinical, morphological, and practical significance. In particular, it analyzes the presence of two heads (proximal and distal) and two necks (anatomical and surgical), the topographical arrangement of vascular and neural structures in these regions, and the risk of their injury. The article provides a detailed analysis of the most common types of humeral fractures — especially surgical neck, diaphyseal, and distal epiphyseal fractures — and their pathogenetic and clinical associations with vascular (arteria circumflexa humeri anterior et posterior) and neural (nervus radialis, nervus ulnaris) injuries. It also highlights the clinical consequences of these traumas, such as circulatory disorders, bone necrosis, muscle atrophy, and functional limitations. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of understanding the anatomical structure of the humerus in surgical practice, traumatology, and rehabilitation. Such knowledge is crucial in fracture diagnostics, bone repositioning, and implantation procedures, where preserving vascular and neural structures plays a decisive role.