ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 10 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
818
A REVIEW OF MARKABAY JIEMURATOV'S WORK
Jamil Charshemov
Head of the Department of "General Professional and Social Humanities" of the Nukus
Branch of the State Conservatory of Uzbekistan
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10045054
Abstract.
This article deeply analyzes and reveals the short life of composer Markabay
Jiemuratov, his works and his symphonic poem “Ernazar Alakoz”. The article also talks about
other works of Markabay Jiemuratov.
Key words:
composition, orchestra, symphonic poem, song, harmony.
ОБЗОР РАБОТЫ МАРКАБАЯ ДЖЕМУРАТОВА
Аннотация.
В этой статье глубоко анализируется и раскрывается короткая
жизнь композитора Маркабая Джемуратова, его произведения и симфоническая поэма
“Ерназар Алакоз”. В статье также рассказывается о других работах Марка бея
Джемуратова.
Ключевые слова:
композиция, оркестр, симфоническая поэма, песня, гармония.
While studying at school Markabay Jiemuratov studied works of Russian and European
classical composers under the guidance of his teacher N. Mukhammeddinov. In particular, learning
to play the magical works of the legendary violinist Paganini on the violin led to his sincere interest
in the world of music.
A tireless passion for music led to the development of Markabay's musical and
compositional technique. At that time he was noticed by writing melodies “On the mountains of
Bestobe”, “Missing you” etc. In particular, the song “Missing you” has recently become a love
song for young people. These poems are pleasant in structure, charming and memorable, romantic
in nature. Consequently, we can say that these songs are key to the transition from the typical form
of a couplet to the form of a romance.
In 1969 М.Jiemuratov entered the composition department of the Tashkent State
Conservatory. There he entered the preparatory courses of etiquette, studied in the class of Boris
Giyenko and then moved to the class of Georgiy Mushel. Markabay Jiemuratov's enthusiasm and
talent was felt by his teachers, and he began to rework folk songs and write small pieces as piano
lessons. For example, he begins to write “Lullaby”, “Polka”, “March”, “Waltz”, “Fugette”,
“Scherzo”, etc. Professor G. A. Mushel especially put a lot of effort into strengthening the future
composer's other methods of music education, as well as his approach to more lyrical works.
These circumstances determined the peculiarities of Markabai Jiemuratov's compositional
talent, the ways of his formation as a composer-lyricist. Talented Markabay, having taken care of
this, expands his musical imagination and begins to try to record chamber-vocal music. Here it is
worth noting that our composers used to compose only mass compositions, but recently they have
started to promote vocal music in every possible way, drawing particular attention by its breadth
of melodic diapason and power of influence.
Working on melodies, he broadened the scope of them. Old folk songs differ in their value
and in that they are close to Karakalpak folk songs, especially to epics performed by bakshi, and
attract special attention by the breadth of their scope and influencing power.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 10 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
819
These signs of affinity are especially noticeable in the fixation of a number of artistic
means, including the prevalence of lyrical styles, the deepening and intensification of the
emotional impact of personal inner experiences, the depth and emotionality of artistic images, and
finally, the breadth of the melodic flow.
М.Jiemuratov’s works created with these methods are “Missing you”, “Spring of
Eighteen”, “I hurry to you”, “When I See You”, “Sing me the songs of Ajiniaz”, “Loving you”,
“Looking at you from far”, “In the field of tulips”, “Moon’s light on water”, “Girls Singing a
Song”, “Golden Lake”, “Song of the dawn”.
One of the most important and hidden artistic means of Markabay's poems is that the text
and the meaning of the poem create a structural parallelism. In fact, if the singer and the composer
come together in any work, the idea and purpose of them are fully understood, and such an act is
bound to be close to the people's hearts. This is one of characteristic qualities of the young
composer M. Jiemuratov.
This similarity structure is felt in all his previously mentioned songs. For example, let’s
take “I am hurrying to you”. In these couplets-romances the importance of the power of the image,
its artistic diversity, the artistic diversity of each of the couplets of “My beloved is singing in the
field of tulips” is equally explained in the couplet and in the title, and is equally realized in both
of them.
In terms of the completeness of the composition of the poem, the number and length of
artistic descriptive means and figurative comparisons give the poem a romantic and cantilena tone.
In them, as in professional music, the speaker reaches a climax and gives the listener great pleasure.
Themes of youthful energy, pure love and enthusiasm feature prominently in these
compositions. That is why they have become the most beloved programs of our youth. If you pay
more attention to the nature of these connections, you can find all sorts of ways of parallelism
(correspondence). A distinction is made between techniques of more or less ascending sequence,
artistic, repetition, and compositional techniques with embroidered syllables. Taking into account
the clarity, power and effectiveness of such means of artistic representation in the composer's
verses, we see that Markabay paid deep attention to the expressiveness of artistic perception when
writing the words of the song, and put the main compositional issues in the foreground, which
forced him to pay attention to the language of poetry.
The symphonic poem “Ernazar Alakoz”.
One of М.Jiemuratov’s literary achievements was the story of the heroism of the legendary
hero of the Karakalpak man Ernazar Alakoz, a symphonic poem about the hero of his freedom
“Ernazar Alakoz”.
The main content of the symphonic poem is the struggle of the Karakalpak people and the
heroism of the national hero Ernazar Alakoz in this struggle, the composer expressed in different
ways in his work. These symphonic styles are revealed through tension, rhythmic and harmonic
juxtapositions, and pleasing coloration. The symphonic poem is written in the form of a one-part
sonata allegro. The sad content of the cello and double bass instruments in its opening section is
given in a lower register, and it sounds weak, as if heralding a heavy, dangerous event in the future
performance. On the basis of this content, beginning with the first measure of the symphony, the
story of the former misfortunes of the people is told.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 10 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
820
The composer describes his main purpose, the plot of the work, a touching image from the
chords played in unison. It is as if he is presenting a spark of hope, of faith in the future, based on
a short theme in lyrical form. After this, between intervals of one quarter and one fifth, the
orchestra plays fragments explaining the approaching event and stories about the enemy's attack,
which are played intermittently by the trumpets. At the end, as if to explain the approach of the
enemy, a single heavy chord is played throughout the orchestra, and after a brief pause the main
exposition section of the symphony begins. In this section, the composer attempts to reveal the
programmatic meaning he has chosen, the historical event, and the compositional play, which have
an inimitable unity of juxtaposition, harmonic, and thematic unity. The introduction part, that is,
in the initial movement, as in all compositional sonatas develop around two contents. The main
content is active, playful, and dynamic, with violins from a group of narrow instruments playing
in it. This content with its characteristic, twists and turns is played fast like fugue. The instruments
of bassoon, clarinet, and double bass complement this content and enhance their harmony. The
auxiliary theme creates a perfect contrast.
Auxiliary content is beautiful in aural character, intonation, and color, with a vivid image
and a strong impression. In particular, this content is provided by the gavotte, which must be
beautiful, pleasing, and somehow beautiful in tone. This theme would then be played on other
instruments, sometimes extended, sometimes shortened. In doing so, the composer was adept at
using all sorts of imitation techniques, pizzicato (interruption of sound), and polyphony techniques
used in the orchestra. The composer then begins to show the most urgent content of his thought in
the part of the work that is saturated with dynamic and dramatic situations. In this part, the elements
of drama are Ernazar Alakoz' confrontation with his opponent, the struggle between them and the
actions that increase the content of the symphony.
In the performance of Ernazar Alakoz symphony, the composer uses all kinds of
compositional and individual composition techniques, and the action and power of his sound reveal
his work under the influence of brief quarto-quint intervals, the famous moving trombone and
clarinet motif. Thus, in this section, after each theme alternates in a different polyphonic manner,
the final reprise section of the work begins after a brief pause. This section describes the torment
of the people, the invasion of the Khan of Khiva, and the heat of war under the command of Ernazar
Alakoz, where he heroically dies. Through the wistful sounds of the orchestra one can hear the
groaning of the people. In this section, the composer depicts two leitmotif themes: the enemy
theme and the Ernazar Alakoz theme. In praising the enemy theme, he gives unstated chromatic
motifs, while in Ernazar Alakoz's theme his heroic help is praised with a solemn theme.
The enemy theme is developed canonically, showing the inexorable movement of their
armies, and in the orchestra, as if constantly increasing their melodic meaning, all instruments of
all stripes continue the melodic line without stopping. In the development of the symphony on the
content of the event, the composer was able to demonstrate his symphonic style with strong
dramatic elements, seventh chords, chromatism, and active melodic flows. At the end of the work,
a joyful panphoric theme is played live by the entire orchestra. The work ends with the triumph
and celebration of the people. “Ernazar Alakoz” by the young composer M. Jiemuratov was able
to make great strides in mastering the compositional and symphonic genre.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 10 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
821
Apart from the fact that this symphony is a great contribution to the formation and
development of professional music genre in Karakalpakstan, it is based on original titles without
quoting folk names. Symphony “Ernazar Alakoz” was performed in 1975 in Tashkent at the
concert hall "Bahar" under the guidance of young composers performed by a large symphony
orchestra and was highly appreciated.
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